Transboundary Animal Diseases: Our challenges and opportunities for

capacity building of veterinary services

Thanawat Tiensin, DVM, PhDDepartment o f L ivestock Development ,

Minist ry o f Agr icul ture and Cooperat ives, Thai land

Food security and income generation

TADs

Chickens with a certain level of biosecurity – challenge and opportunity

• Tuna and shrimp

• Chicken and duck meat products

• Pigs and pork products

• Dairy products

• Feed and petfood

• Animal genetics

Thailand - Exports of livestock and aquatic animal products

4

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

61,290 61,587 67,740

88,658 87,176 96,399

112,479

134,009

156,598

166,505

91,811

: 183,580

Value of livestock product exports, 2003-2015Million Thai Baht

Export of 5.25 Billion USD in 2015

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total value: 183,580 million Thai Baht

(US$ 5.25 billion)

Exports of Thai livestock products by types, 2013

TADs bring us togetherHPAI

African swine fever

All About trust

Together we can – another challenge and opportunity

Beauty of the Concept

BUT, in reality

Zoonoses

Disaster management

Food safetyOccupational health

Car accident

CancerAMR

Transboundary animal diseases

The concept of multi-sectoral

or multi-ministerial approaches

for public sector governance is

an essential element through

which a country acquires the

authorities to jointly provide

and manage public goods and services.

“ONE HEALTH” We can make changes. It is an opportunity.

62 million birds killed and culled

17 of 25 human cases died

(449 of 844 cases in worldwide)

HPAI H5N1 in Thailand (2004-2008)

Tiensin et al., Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005

5,300 million Thai Baht

(US$ 132.5 million) for direct

compensation

0.39% of Gross Domestic

Product (GDP) in 2004

decreased - 25,240 million

Thai Bath (US$ 631 million)

12Photos: Dr. Thaweesak Songserm

(Tiensin et al., 2005 and 2007)

??

What, Where, Why, When and How? H5N1 Outbreak

13

Factors associated with H5N1 infection around clusters

Tiensin et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009

14

Understanding of the ecology and nature of a disease occurrence

Tiensin et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200915

Hypothetical

pathways of

HPAI H5N1

transmission

within and

between subdistricts

Animal-human-ecosystem interface: Biosecurity and Biocontainment

Revisit 16

Animal-human-ecosystem interface

Small-scale farming and market chain

• How to trace backward to the source of poultry

• How to maintain herd immunity/ vaccination program in backyard operations

LBVD, Myanmar and Tiensin, 2011

Diversification of poultry production systems in SE Asia

Country Large

industrial

Medium

commercial

Small

commercial

Backyard

Cambodia <1% poultry <1% poultry99% farms, 90%

poultry

Indonesia

3.5% poultry,

export and

national

consumption

21.2% poultry 11.8% poultry 63.5% poultry

Lao PDR Small 10% poultry 90% poultry

Thailand

70-80 %

production,

export and

domestic

10-15%

production5% production

Viet Nam Small

20-25%

production,

few producers

10-15%

production,

few producers

65% production,

possibly 70% of

poultry

Poultry compartmentalisation

•Strict biosecurity

measures

•Comprehensive

surveillance program

• Traceability

•Preventive and control

measures for AI

Strict Biosecurity on Commercial Poultry farms

Improvement of bio-security of backyard poultry

21

Improvement of bio-security of duck farms

22

Road control and GPS tracing

(From Farm to SLH)

Farm

SLH

AI Reporting System

Online Report RK1

Verified

RK1 (Suspected cases)

Positive confirm case

Daily Report

Result ND and

AI

Samples

Verified

Targeted groups on surveillance

• Poultry in compartmentalized farms

• Poultry on GAP certified farms

• Poultry on pre-GAP certified farm

• Native poultry or fighting cocks with basic biosecurity

• Backyard poultry

• Free grazing ducks

• Natural and wild migratory birds

Timeframe of surveillance in poultry

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Cloacal swab-Backyard poultry- Free-grazing duck(cloacal swab & serum)

Serum- Breeders poultry- Poultry in buffer zone- Native chicken/ fighting cocks/pet birds

Serum- Breeders poultry- Poultry in buffer zone- Native chicken/ fighting cocks/pet birds

Cloacal swab- Breeder- Poultry in buffer zone - Breed and layer farms

- Native chicken/ fighting cocks/pet birds

Routine clinical and routine laboratory surveillance

Intensive Active sur.

26

Cloacal swab- Breeders - Poultry in buffer zone- Broiler and layer farms-Native chicken/ fighting cocks/pet birds

Intensive active clinical sur.

Cloacal swab- Backyard poultry- Free-grazing duck (cloacal swab & serum)

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

150,648

253,960

900,337

788,611814,932

733,290

576,552

504,902

763,855

214,495239,037

271,184

National Avian Influenza Surveillance in Poultry of Thailand

(Sampling of cloacal and tracheal swabs)

No

. sam

ple

s

27Pre-slaughterhouse and pre-movement testing samples excluded

5 km radius

Sampling 20

cloacal swabs

in an affected

farm/village Outer 5 km radius on clinical surveillance

HPAI

5 km. 5 km.

10 km. radius Movement Prohibition for 30 daysRestocking after 90

days of stamping-out the last animals and

disinfecting completion

Outbreak response

10 km.

28

We can make CHANGES

Together, we can bring more trusts and better collaboration.

CRISIS is an opportunity

PVS brings CHANGES

PVS Gap Analysis, 2014

Progress and outcomes of PVS PathwayPVS Evaluation, 2012

A lack of veterinarians at field level (district

level),

A lack of regulatory control over veterinary

drug sales and their use (outside of GAP

certified farms),

Domestic food safety in smaller slaughtering

establishments, milk collecting centres needs

more attention in order to guarantee the same

high quality as the exports,

Technical independence to be improved,

Some gaps in disease control programmes,

Capacity and authority of the VSB

Major gaps of PVS Evaluation

In 2013-2015, 280 new veterinarians were recruited to work at the DLD district level.

The Royal Thai Government approved a 10-year recruitment plan of 1,000 official vets.

Public-private partnership in VS (delegation of the authority to private sector)

10-year plan of veterinarian recruitment

126 127

2720 25

39

6356

99

121

154143

117

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Currently there are 956 vets out of 10,627 DLD staff

35 Dairy Herd Health Units (DHHUs) at the District Level (Mass and Focus)One Team: 2-3 veterinarians, 1-2 animal husbandry technicians

Enhancing GAP and GMP system in dairy sector Increasing additional tasks of field vets in the future

Twinning Program on Laboratories (Brucellosis / EID)

Bridging WHO and OIE tools for the assessment of national capacities

What are the WHO IHR Monitoring

Framework and the OIE PVS Pathway?

Lessons Learnt from the National Workshop on IHR/PVS Assessment

Sharing the same goals,

Having the same

competencies and

capacities to be improved,

Being friends (IHR/PVS) for

sometime,

Talking the same language

Our similarities

How to work together?How to bring a concept to the field level?

8 Core Capacities

• Legislation and Policy

• Coordination

• Surveillance

• Response

• Preparedness

• Risk Communications

• Human Resources

• Laboratory

Potential hazards

• Infectious pathogen

• Zoonotic pathogen

and food safety

• Chemical hazards

• Radio nuclear

hazards

Events at

Points of Entry

Human, physical

and financial

resources (14 cc)

- Technical staffing

- Competencies

- Continuing

education

- Coordination

- Structure stability

- Resource

- Funding etc.

Technical authority

and capability (18

cc)

- Laboratory

- Risk analysis- Border security- Epidemiological surveillance- Response

- Food safety

- Vet biologicals etc.

Interaction with

stakeholders (7 cc)

- Communication

- Consultation with

stakeholders

- Official

representation

- Accreditation/

delegation

- Participation

- VSB etc.

Access to markets

(8 cc)

- Legislation

- Implementation of

legislation

- International

harmonisation and

Certification

- Transparency

-Comparmentalisation

- Zoning etc.

Fundamental Components and Competencies

Core Capacities

PVS Evaluation Tool

IHR Monitoring Framework

Some initiatives to tackle main health issues: Together, we have learnt many lessons: Rabies, HPAI, SARS, MERS,

Antimicrobial resistance, etc.

Working together: Village Animal Health and Public Health Volunteers

40Village Health Volunteer

Database for daily suspected case report

Name & ID

Address Poultry type

No. of Sick /Dead/Destroy

SignsSick Date

Activities Sample ID

Signs Activities

District Province

Date

Sharing information between animal and public health services

SURVEILLANCE NETWORK (One Health)

District Livestock Officer

Provincial level

District

level

Sub- district

level

Village

Chief of village/ Livestock volunteer/ Poultry owner

Public Health Volunteer /Suspected patient (s)

Subdistrict Administration Organization

District Public Health Office / Hospital

Subdistrict Health Unit

Provincial Livestock Office

HPAI Task ForceDistrict Gov.

(Head)

Provincial Public Health Office / Hospital

Provincial level

District

level

Sub- district

level

Village

HPAI Task ForceProv. Gov. (Supervisor)

Subdistrict Livestock Assistant

42

‘One Health Approach’ at provincial level

‘One Health Committee’ at provincial level established

Regular meeting organized

‘One Health’ Coordinating Center at

provincial level

Clear roles and responsibilities identified

Chain of command and coordination

mechanism (Clear flow chart) for public health emergency response

Joint Surveillance and Rapid Response

Team (SRRT) between animal and public health sectors

Joint investigation for Brucellosis and Streptococcus suis infection, etc

44

Vet in Actions - Various Trainings

Field Epidemiology Training Programme (FETP) for Veterinarians (FETPV)

Prevention and Control Working Group through ‘One Health Approach’ - Rabies

Prevention and Control Working Group through ‘One Health Approach’ - Brucellosis

From Recommendations to Actions: to achieve the quality of PHS and VS

Challenging, transforming and empowering.

Better quality and safety of lives

Act locally, impact globally

Disease priorities in Asia and the Pacific Region

• OIE Official recognition of PPR,

AHS free

• Self-declaration free of HPAI

• OIE Official endorsement of FMD

National Control Program

• SEACFMD Free Zone in the

eastern region of Thailand

• Rabies control and elimination

program

• OIE Official recognition of CBPP,

BSE, CSF free (on-going process)

FMD free zone

• OIE Reference Laboratory for FMD,

RRL Pakchong

• OIE Reference Laboratory for

Brucellosis, NIAH Bangkok

• OIE Collaborating Center for Capacity

Building of Veterinary Services

Keep wa lk ing

Thank you…

Dean Consortium of Veterinary Medicine