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THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
1/13
Dr. ELOISA BIASOTTO MANOEMERITUS PROFESSOR
Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroINSTITUTO DE MACROMOLÉCULAS PROFESSORA ELOISA MANOPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Memorial Lecture “Joaquim Costa Ribeiro”Rio de Janeiro – September to October, 2015
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
2/13
WHAT IS MATTER?
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/dark-matter/
Everything occupies some space, and have mass at rest.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
3/13
WHAT IS MATERIAL?
It is matter that composes a body.
http://www.marthafleming.net/materials-library/
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
4/13
WHAT IS ENGINEERING MATERIAL?
http://eng-cs.syr.edu/research/structural-engineering-and-mechanics
It is a basic material applied in the construction of buildings, bridges, ships, aircrafts, equipments, and so on.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
5/13
CLASSIFICATION OF THE MATERIALSApplication field Specificity Representative
materialBasic chemical
constituentEngineering Building industry wood
concretemetalceramicsglassmarble
polymer (cellulose)metallic oxides, ironiron, copper, aluminummetallic oxidescalcium carbonate
Industrial machinery metalplastic
ironpolymers
High performance parts metalceramicsplastic
iron , nickel, chrome metallic oxidespolymers
Furniture woodplastic
polymer (cellulose)polymers
Biomedicine Orthopedics metal ceramicsplastic
Iron, titanium, platinum, nickelmetallic oxidespolymers
Dentistry plasticmetal
polymersgold, silver, mercury
Packing Medicine glassplasticmetal
metallic oxidespolymersaluminum
Food paperglassplasticmetal
polymer (cellulose)metallic oxidespolymeraluminum
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
6/13
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
WHAT IS WOOD?
It is a natural composite of great complexity, where the reinforcing
component is cellulose fiber and the bind component is lignin.
WHAT ARE CERAMICS?
They are porous materials prepared from mixing clays and some oxides after
heating at high temperatures.
http://www.resodynmixers.com/
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/t/piece-firewood-beech-wood-shadow-over-white-background-40065843.jpg
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
7/13
WHAT IS GLASS?
Glass is a super cooling liquid made of molten silicon, sodium and calcium oxides. It resembles
an amorphous solid at room temperature.
WHAT ARE METALS?
Metals reflect light, are opaque, bright and heavy, have high modulus, thermal resistance, and
electrical conductivity.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
http://eng-cs.syr.edu/research/structural-engineering-and-mechanics
http://dev-fox.virtechsystems.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/laminatedglass.jpg
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
8/13
Polymers are chemical natural or synthetic materials, characterized by size, chemical structure and intra and intermolecular interactions. They are giant molecules - macromolecules - with covalently bonded repeated chemical units.
Polymers are the main materials of rubber and plastic artifacts, fibers adhesives and paints.
http://www.mpip-mainz.mpg.de/43534/Poly_Syn
WHAT ARE POLYMERS?
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
9/13
EFFECT OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT
The main characteristics of a polymer depend on the molecular size:
Short molecules: molecular weight < 1000 (micromolecules)
Long molecules: molecular weight > 1000 (macromolecules)
http://www.scienceknowledge.org/2010/02/19/a-catalyst-for-oxidation-of-alkanes
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Hexokinase_ball_and_stick_model,_with_substrates_to_scale_c
opy.png
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
10/13
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE The polymer chemical structure is related to chemical composition, constitution and configuration of the molecule.
- Flexibility or rigidity of polymer chain;
- Existence or not of crosslinking, or potential crosslinking sites;
- Availability or not of feasible groups for interactions.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
11/13
EFFECT OF SIZE, STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL INTERACTION
The size, structure and interactions determine polymer physical properties:
- High modulus is achieved with increasing molecular weight, crystallinity and aromatic structure;
- Transparency or opacity change with crystallinity.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
12/13
EFFECT OF SIZE, STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL INTERACTION
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html
Kevlar
THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALSEloisa Biasotto Mano
13/13
SUGESTÕES DE TRABALHOS FUTUROS
Usar bagaço de cana como substituto da COFD, no intuito de aprimorar a resistência à compressão do HDPE-R;
Realizar um estudo sobre compósitos com COFD visando utilizar suas propriedades específicas de absorção de odores para uso na construção civil;
Investigar a possibilidade de reciclagem – transformação - de outros polímeros reciclados em materiais de construção.
CONTACTProfessor Eloisa B. Mano
[email protected] – +55 21 3938-7222
Rio de Janeiro – September to October, 2015 .