The future scientists symposium 2017 nigeria

The Future Scientists Symposium 2017 May 29 – 31, 2017

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo

State, Nigeria

Book of Abstracts

Nnanake-Abasi O. OFFIONG Centre for Energy & Environmental Sustainability Research, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

Abiodun Atoyebi AJIBOLA Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

Idara N. OBOTOWO Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

Sampson D. UMOH Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

Chukwuebuka ThankGod ONYEMA Department of Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

Joseph E. UWADIALE

Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Nigeria

Joshua A. OBALEYE

Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

Folahan A. ADEKOLA

Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

Edu J. INAM

Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

Funmi ADEKUNLE

Associate Professor, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria

Oluwayemi Olanike Esther ONAWUMI

Professor, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria

Editorial Board Members:

Scientific Advisory Team:

The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),

Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017

i

Preface

The intention to host Future Scientists Symposium 2017 as a student focused activity in

Nigeria was proposed and graciously approved by the American Chemical Society

through its Office of Undergraduate Programs. It was designed as a follow-up to the

Africa Young Talents of Chemical Sciences Program held in Abuja in 2015 and organized

as a collaborative activity by four chemical societies: American Chemical Society (ACS),

the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), the Federation of African Societies of Chemistry

(FASC) and the Chemical Society of Nigeria (CSN). The aim was primarily to advance

research skills of younger scientists within the chemical science discipline. This will

help us achieve sustainability in our national chemistry enterprise.

In cooperation with notable experts and several universities in Nigeria, the symposium

held on the theme titled Research for Sustainable Development in Nigeria and was hosted by the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo

State, Nigeria between May 29 and 31, 2017.

The abstracts from the topics discussed during the symposium were collated into this

book. Accepted abstracts that were not presented are watermarked RETRACTED. The

publication also contains speeches, addresses and presentation abstracts of the

Keynote, Plenary and Guest Speakers. We sincerely hope that this symposium creates a

robust platform for learning, exchange of knowledge, skills demonstration, networking,

mentorship and collaboration amongst participants.

It is worthy to mention that abstracts collated in this publication were carefully

reviewed and selected by a team of editors. However, the views expressed are entirely

those of the authors and not necessarily the position of the ACS or its affiliated members

in Nigeria. Also, the publication of abstracts containing names of products does not

imply its promotion.

The Editorial Team wishes you a rewarding reading.

Editorial Team



ii

Table of Contents S/N Title & Authors Page

Plenary 1 Research in Chemical Sciences in Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward

Olusegun A. Odunola

1

Plenary 2 Research Ethics, Plagiarism and Innovative Computer Applications for Brazen Chemistry

Research

O. Atolani

2

Plenary 3 Global Chemists’ Code of Ethics: Challenges and Solution

Joshua Ayoola OBALEYE

3

PHY001 Theoretical design of phenothiazine-based sensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells

Idara N. Obotowo, Ime B. Obot, Okon U. Abakedi

4

ENV002 Attenuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil

Using Sewage Sludge-derived Biochar Amended with Humic Acid

Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong, Edu Inam, Nsikak Abraham, Opeyemi Fatunla

5

ENV003 Adsorption of AV 19 onto banana peel impregnated nanoscale manganese

Solomon E. SHAIBU, Efiong Nsinem Eyo and Victor F. Ekpo 6

ENV004 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination arising from primitive e-waste recycling

in Aba Metropolis, Nigeria

Chisom M. Obasi, Nkechi H. Okoye, Uche E. Ekpunobi, Rosemary U. Arinze

7

ENV005 Characterization and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of methylene blue on

activated bone char

John B. Edet, Edu J. Inam, Ubong J. Etim, Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong

8

IND006 Phytochemical, anti-nutritional and toxicity assessment of Moringa oleifera seeds, stem

bark and leaves using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) assay

Obi C. Bright and Oluwaniyi O. Omolara

9

INORG007 Coordinative interaction of chitosan-azo dyes towards selected first row transition

metals

Onome Ejeromedoghene, Sheriff Adewuyi

10

PHY008 Kinetics of ethanol effect on iron content of ashed cow liver

Magu, Thomas Odey; Sunday, Esther Aniedi; Louis, M. Hilter and Ugi, U. Benedict

11

PHYT009 Synergistic effect of phytochemical extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and lantana

camara .L leaves in the formulation of muscle pain restorative ointment

Obiora Joy.O., Onu John C. and Ezeike Amarachi K.

12

POLY010 Production of Soap from Raffia Palm Fruit Seeds (Raphia hookeri) and Calabash Gourds

Ashes (Crescentia cujete)

Esther A. Sunday, A. U. Israel, Magu T. Odey

13

PHY011 Stability investigations on Cu(II) and Mn(II) compounds of 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-

1,2,4-triazine-4,4′-disulfonic acid using quantum chemical methods

Abidoye, Damilola Ezekiel, Jeje Oyeyinka Felicia and SEMIRE, Banjo

14

ORG012 Evaluation of nutritional composition and bioactive components of matured corn silk

(Zea Mays hair)

Habu Christopher, Zakari Ladan, O.A. Babatunde

15

ANYL013 Statistical analysis, parameters' effects and optimization of colour removal from real

textile wastewater using modified sawdust of Parkia biglobosa

Abdulsalam K., Giwa A.,Oladipo M., Arinkoola A.

16

PHY014 Scavenging rhodamine B dye using moringa seed pods

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Bukola Morenike LASISI, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN

17

PHY015 Thermochemistry in interstellar formation processes: the ESA relationship

Idaresit E. Mbakara and Emmanuel E. Etim

18

ORG016 Chemical constituents and biological activities of the leaves and stem essential oils of

Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk) grown in Nigeria

Nureni O. Olawore, Akeem A. Aliyu, Adegbite Omolola, Lateef Agbaje, Ololade Z.

Sunday

19

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon_citratus



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S/N Title & Authors Page

ANYL017 Levels of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids in okra and tomato

samples from Alau Dam, Borno State, Nigeria

Chellube Z. Muhammed, Abdul Nuhu, Shondo N. Josiah and Onwualu A. Peter

20

ENG018 University research and local economic development: a case study of AUST and its host

community

Afolayan D. Oluwasegun, Onwualu A. Peter

21

ANYL019 Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using titanium dioxide modified with

nitrogen

Stephen Doctor, M.T. Yilleng

22

ENG020 Determination of the removal efficiency of activated carbon produced from milk bush

shell (Thevetia Peruviana) using 2-level factorial design

Ogunniyi, Samuel; Omole, Ayodeji Emmanuel; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju; Afolabi,

Tinuade Jolade; Olayiwola, Akeem O.; Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola

23

ENG021

Factorial optimization of methylene blue removal efficiency on dimethylamine-modified

brewery spent grain activated carbon

Olatunji, Yinka Emmanuel; Ademola, Ayodeji Joshua; Oyebanji, Benjamin Oladeji;

Alade, Abass Olanrewaju; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade and Amuda, Omotayo Sharafdeen;

Okunade, Inioluwa Deborah

24

ENG022 Methylene blue dye removal efficiency onto organic base activated adsorbent (milk bush

kernel shell)

Raheem, Nafisat Motunrayo; Adeshina, Toheeb; Adeyi, Victoria Abosede; Alade,

Abass Olanrewaju and Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade

25

INORG023 Reactions and mechanism of tartrazine and molybdate ion in hydrochloric acid

Patricia Ese Umoru and A.O. Aliyu

26

PHY024 Effect of π-linkers on photo-electronic properties of benzodithiophene (BDT) –thienopyrroledione (TPD) donor-acceptor dyes for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)

using TD-DFT and DFT methods

Adediran Adejumo and Banjo Semire

27

ENG025 Optimization of adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using activated

carbon produced from mango kernel shell using barium chloride

Okeowo, Idris Olanrewaju; Balogun, Ezekiel Olalekan; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju,

Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade and Farombi, Abolaji Grace

28

ENG026 Optimization of adsorption capacity of activated African star apple (Chrysophyllum

Albidium) shell carbon using 2-level factorial design

Adeshina, Temidayo Olumide; Asimiyu, Abdulsalam Olawuni; Alade, Abass

Olanrewaju; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade and Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola

29

ENV027 Heavy metals and microbial analysis of water samples used for domestic purposes in

Oluyole Estate, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria

Adegboyega A.M, Fagbemiro V.I and Olalude C.B

30

ENV028 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profiles in farmland soils around the vicinity of

tobacco processing local industry, Oke-aran, Igboho, Nigeria

John O. AJIBADE, Taofik A. ADEDOSU, Haleema O. ADEDOSU and Olamilekan I.

MUFUTAU

31

ANYL029 Proximate analysis of the edible part of African walnut and physico-chemical analysis of

the oil extracted from the nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum)

Adekanmbi, T. O. and Abiona, O. O.

32

INORG030 Tetraaza macrocyclic ligands: synthesis, elucidation, antibacterial and antifungal

studies

E.C. Ohaekenyem, V.I Onwukeme, F.B. Okoye, J.T. Okonkwo, U.E Ekpunobi

33

PHY031 Rhodamine B dye sequestration using Gmelina arborea leaves

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Esther Oluwadamilola ALABI

34

ORG032 Phytochemical and anti-microbial analysis of the leaves of Cola Gigantea (Sterculiaceae)

Chukwuebuka T. Onyema, Emmanuel C. Ohaekenyem and Vincent I.E. Ajiwe

35

PHY033 Adsorption kinetic studies for the removal of Rhodamine B dye using mango pod

(Mangifera indica) as adsorbent

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Opeyemi Sulaimon AWONIYI, Oyindamola Teniola

AJAYI

36



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ORG034 Qualitative and quantitative characterization of Acalypha godseffiana leaf

Uwakmfon A. Effiong and Imaobong E. Daniel

37

PHY035 Inhibition efficiency tendencies of Jatropha Tanjorensis leaf extracts on the corrosion of

aluminium in acidic medium

Nsikan E. Ituen, Mfon A. James

38

ORG036 Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the leaves and seeds essential oils

of Syzygium guineense (Wild) grown in Nigeria

Rukayat A. Odewande, Nureni O. Olawore, Akeem A. Aliyu, Taofik A. Adedosu and

Lateef Agbaje

39

ORG037 Antimalarial effects on the comparative studies of chemical constituents identified in the

stem, root and fruit peel essential oils of Citrus paradisi grown in Nigeria

Nureni O. Olawore, Vinesh J. Maharaj, Oluwasayo E. Ogunjinmi, Taofik A. Adedosu,

and Akeem A. Aliyu

40

ANYL038 Determination of amino acid content in fresh Crinum jagus bulb as a measure of its anti-

neurogardiogenic syncope potential

Abiona, Dupe Lydia, Onawumi Oluwayemi Olanike, Oladoye Sunday Olusegun

41

ORG039 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of oil from two varieties of

tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers

Aliyu A. Warra, Leye J. Babatola, Bashir D. Ibrahim and Adedara O. Adejoju

42

PHY040 Liquid phase adsorption of Rhodamine-B dye using locust bean pod

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Funmilayo SARUMI, Olasunkanmi Seun LAMEED

43

BCH041 Antihyperlipidemic activity of Amaranthus Hybridus leaves on rats fed with high fat diet

Oladiji A.Temidayo and Asiyanbola E. Olawale

44

ORG042 Investigation of the chemical constituents of the leaves and stem volatile oils of Cananga

odorata (L.) grown in Nigeria

Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore, Saidat B. Musediq, Rodiyat O. Amoo and

Oluwaseun O. Akinsipe

45

INORG043 Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of some mixed diclofenac

potassium and paracetamol metal complexes

Aliyu A. Abdulbasit, Joshua A. Obaleye, Olowude Seyi, Olalekan W. Salawu and Bello

K. Eneye

46

ANYL044 Determination of pesticide residues in edible crops and soil from University of

Agriculture, Makurdi Farm

Peter O. Onuwa, Ishaq S. Eneji, Adams U. Itodo and Rufus Sha’Ato

47

ENV045 Study of combustion characteristics of ethanol-petrol mixture as fuel for a four-stroke

single cylinder S.I. engine

Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle, Godfrey K. Akpomie, Ikeokwu C. Ogbu, Ikedichi O. Ekpe

48

ANYL046 Comparative assessment of water quality from hand dug wells and stream around

Otukpa Metropolis of Ogbadigbo Local Government of Benue State-Nigeria

Iorungwa P. D., Iorungwa M. S. and Onoja M. O.

49

ENV047 Batch process degradation of phenol using immobilized activated sludge bacterial cells

Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle, Eldon R. Rene, Lens N.L. Piet

50

MED048 Chemical constituents of Combretum platypetalum leaves and their medicinal

implications

Umoh S. D., Anyam J. V., Essien E. E., Kaase T. P., Oyekachi G. S., Offiong N., Gav B. L. ,

and Igoli J. O.

51

PHYT049 Studies on the phytochemical constituents of persea americana leaf

Mutiu O. Amuda and Theresa. I. Edewor

52

ENG050 Optimization of process variables by the application of D-Optimal Design (DOD) for

congo red removal using activated carbon prepared from flamboyant pod back

Latinwo, G.K., Oke O. R., Arinkoola A.O., Alade, A.O. and Muhammed N.I.

53

PHYT051 Nutritional value and antioxidant properties of most widely consumed cultivated

mushrooms in South East Nigeria

Ukaogo O.P. , Siddhant, Nnorom I.C, Ogbonna N.C and Onyema C. T

54

ENV052 Characterization of biodiesel from composite waste oil, methanol: ethanol (1:1) mixture

with empty oil palm bunch residue and plantain peel residue extracts

Taiwo, A. G., Babarinde, N. A. A. and Ibikunle, A. A.

55



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PHY053 Insights into the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye using rice husks

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN, Jeremiah Abiodun OJO

56

ENG054 Adsorption of metylene blue from aqueous solution using acetylated expanded

polystyrene

Taiwo, Oluwayemisi Christianah, Alade, Abass Olanrewaju and Ogunleye, Oladipupo

Olaosebikan

57

MED055 In-vitro antimicrobial properties of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts

Moses I. J., Gav B. L., Ijeoma A. O., Umoh S. D. and Tor P. N.

58

ENG056

Biosorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using micro-wave induced

chemical modified Tithonia Diversyfolia (sunflower) xylem

Ojo, Oyeniyi Sunday, Alade, Abass Olarenwaju, Salam, Kazeem Kolapo, and Jameel,

Ahmad Tariq

59

INORG057 Spectrophotometric determination of the stoichiometry, stability constants and Gibbs

free energy of the complexes of N, N’-bis (Indole-3-ylmethylene) hydrazine with some

selected metal(II) ions

Morenike I. Dada, Muslim Abdullateef, Adedayo J. Apara, Samuel B. Akanji, Ayotunde

D. Ajakaye, Oluwafunmilayo F. Adekunle and Olusegun A. Odunola

60

ENG058 Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using phosphoric acid modified

kaolinite clay

Ibrahim, Saheed Aremu; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju; and Salawudeen, Taofeek

Olalekan and Amuda, Omotayo Sarafadeen

61

ENG059 Biosorption studies of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater using chicken feather

biocomposite

Adeyi, V.A., Agarry S.E., Jimoh, M.O., Salawudeen, T.O., Alade, A.O.

62

ANYL060 Physico-chemical Assessment of some bottled and sachet water in Ogbomoso Metropolis,

Oyo State, Nigeria

Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUMI, Opeyemi Ojo FATUNBI, Adesewa Kemi ADELAKUN,

Suliat Omolola RUFAI, Olusegun Joshua ADEYEMI

63

IND061 Achieving industrialization goals through effective chemical process development

Victor E. Okon, Emmanuel J. Etim

64

PHY062 Kinetic modelling and adsorption properties of Moringa oleifera leaf used for removing

Rhodamine B dye

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Leonard Titilope AZU, Olatubosun Kazeem IBRAHIM

65

ENG063

Optimization of Rhodamine-B biosorption from waste-water unto Tithomia diversyfolia

xylem using central composite design

Okunade Inioluwa Deborah, Afolabi Tinuade Jolade, Alade Abass Olanrewaju,

Osuolale Funmilayo Nihinlola, Olatunji Yinka Emmanuel

66

ORG064 Phytochemical constituents and fatty acid profile of ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of

Luffa cylindrica seed

Ezekiel G. ADEYENI, Ezekiel T. AYODELE and Taofik A. ADEDOSU

67

INORG065 Urea and thiourea metal complexes: solvent free synthesis and its antimicrobial activity

Lawal, Amudat, Nnabuike, G. Ginikachukwu, Obaleye J. Ayoola, Lawal, Misitura

68

ORG066 Evaluation of petroleum source-rock potential of Fika Formation Tuma-1 Well Chad

Basin Nigeria

Badmus, S.O. , Tiamiyu, A. A. , Olasunkanmi, A.O. , Ogungbesan, G.O. and Adedosu, T.A.

69

ANYL067 Purification of used vegetable oil using maize cob

Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUNMI, Sandra Osemudiamen OHENHENLEN, Olubunmi

ADERIBEGBE, Maryam SONAIKE

70

ORG068 Analyses of the leaf oil of Euginea malaccensis and Syzygium samaragense grown in

Nigeria

Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore*, Fatima O. Adeniji and Zinat A. Adewole

71

INORG069 Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of mixed metal complexes of

isoniazid and thiamine HCl

Misitura Lawal, Joshua A. Obaleye, Ginika G. Nnabuike, Mercy O. Bamigboye and

Abigeal O. Arowosaiye

72



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PHY070 Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics modeling of adsorption of rhodamine B onto

bentonite supported zerovalent iron nanocomposite (B-nZVI)

Adewumi O. DADA, Adesewa D. ILESANMI, Folahan A. ADEKOLA, Olugbenga S.

BELLO, Adejumoke A. INYINBOR, Oluwasesan M. BELLO

73

ANYL071 Assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kidney Island

and Oginigba River water bodies, Rivers State –Nigeria

Joseph Edose Uwadiale, Samuel E. Kakulu, Mary Saleh Dauda

74

ORG072

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of the stem and leaves of

Moringa oleifera

Nureni O. Olawore, Sunday Z. Ololade, Zacchaeus O. Olatunde and Johnson O. Oyelese

75

IND073 Assessment of the levels of pesticide residues and heavy metals present in topsoil samples

from Wazobia market, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Ojeyemi Matthew OLABEMIWO, Samuel Oluwakayode AJAYI, Babawale Emmanuel

ABIOLA

76

INORG074 A review of supra-molecular structure of Mn (II) complexes with O/N donor ligands of

triazine and 6,6′-dicarboxylicacid-2,2′-bipyridine: adsorptive, non-linear optical and

magnetic properties

Ibrahim A. Omotayo, Odunola O. Ayobami, Onawumi O. O. Esther, Okon-Akan, O.

Abiodun, Youfu Zhou, Feilong Jiang, Maochun Hong

77

INORG075 Assessment of Cu (II) complexes of anti-bacterial drug of citric-amodiaquine acid:

synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and its applications

Amudat A. Lawal, Seyi Olowude, Joshua A. Obaleye, Abiodun A. Ajibola and Aliyu A.

Abdulbasit

78

ANYL076 Determination of phosphate in soil using UV/Visible spectrophotometer: Molybdenum

blue method

Funmilayo Enitan ADELOWO, Abdulazeez Oyeniyi SABEREDOWO

79

PHY077 Efficacy of Occium Gratissimum (OG) in adsorption of indigo carmine dye: kinetics,

isotherm and thermodynamics modelling

Adewumi O. DADA, Oghenerukevwe G. UMUKORO, Dayo F. OLATONA

80



1

Research in Chemical Sciences in Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward

Olusegun A. Odunola

Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

Ogbomoso, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Chemical research in Nigeria occurs mostly in the University, and some governmental

parastatals and they are mainly tied to career advancements. The applied component of our

research receives more attention by Nigerian chemists probably due to rigour involved in

fundamental research and limited access to consumables, analytical services and

instrumentation.

Chemical research is increasingly becoming multidisciplinary with strong interaction

between chemistry, biological sciences, and mathematics, engineering, computer and material

sciences. Innovation has mostly emerged from these boundaries in recent time and the future

belongs to those who are creative, smart and are knowledgeable in these other disciplines in

addition to their training in chemistry. Chemists will be expected to participate in serious

problems facing humanity; climate change, new energy sources, producing new materials as

well as addressing pressing health needs. The areas of research that will make chemical

sciences relevant to the future is also discussed.

Research in Nigeria generally suffers from chronic challenges of unfavourable research

environment, lack of access to research funds, support, fellowships and grants for

postgraduate education. The challenges to chemical research within the global environment is

discussed within the contextual reference to its practise in Nigeria.

The roles of Government and our Universities to ensure the survival and competitiveness of

chemical research in the country within the global community for the benefit of our society is

also discussed.

Key words: chemistry, research, policy, innovation, multidisciplinary



2

Research Ethics, Plagiarism and Innovative Computer Applications for

Brazen Chemistry Research

O. Atolani, PhD

Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Brazen, distinct or outstanding research especially in Chemistry can only be attained by innovative minds that are equipped with the right tools, training and applications. The days of traditional research without corresponding impact are fast fading and instantly being outclassed by modern innovative young minds. It is pertinent to mention that Chemists of the current age who will play crucial role in the advancement of science and technology must be highly innovative and inspirational. Therefore, a new generation of generation of researchers who are propelled at positively impacting on the society through their research needs constant support and motivation towards the accomplishment of the role.

Consequently, ethics in scientific research exhibition and data publications cannot be overemphasized. It is imperative to mention that there is a geometrical increase in the rate of unethical research practices which manifest in various forms such as plagiarism, false presentation of data, deliberate misinformation, data manipulations and fabrications thereby leading to increased retractions and erratum. In Chemistry and related disciplines, the publication of flawed and bogus work is usually deceptive, distressing and destructive with significant draw-back on the progress in the field not to mention the career of young ones that are quickly truncated at commencement.

Young talented researchers need a creative/innovative mind in order to accomplish great goals in chosen field. This ‘innovation’ refers a substantial positive change compared to incremental changes. It is the application of better alternative to meeting demands. It involves the creation of more effective processes, ideas, technology that help the accomplishment of a task by adopting a new and unparalleled route. Innovation is the driver of all technology-driven societies. Innovative scientific applications are vital tools that must be learnt and adopted periodically by researcher who crave excellence and distinction.

Research is not static; hence, young Chemists must be dynamic. Excellence in research can greatly be enhanced by the application of modern computer software that requires only a ‘little effort’ to decipher. Better software produces better research outputs. Many research breakthroughs are not necessarily the ones performed in the hoity-toity laboratories equipped with all forms of advanced tools, but such uniquely presented in comprehensibly, discrete and elegant manner. The relevance of modern softwares and applications in the final dissemination of research output is highly essential to the effective and brazen communication of science to the global community.

This initiative and sensitisation is implied to foster exchange of ideas within the various focal areas of Chemistry and related disciplines, nurture outstanding and aspiring young researchers and professionals towards improving their respective output viz-a-viz contributing to the development, improvement, stability and advancement of the nation, region and the entire universe through the application of innovative design.

In conclusion, it is vital to reiterate that for any young and dynamic Chemist to make and any notable translational research impact that is beyond the routine and revenant, such must have his/her core values entrenched in research innovation, excellence, integrity, focus, discipline and ability to skilfully manoeuvre on modern applications.



3

Global Chemists’ Code of Ethics: Challenges and Solution

Joshua Ayoola OBALEYE

Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin,

Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Ethical issues are critical issues that require serious attention. Research activities are for the

development of our universe. Any nation that refuses to take research very serious will

definitely end in calamity. Dual role is now a key word in our research effort. In other for the

growth of our universe to be meaningful, there is need to resolve the serious ethical issues

surrounding both the positive and negative aspects of these roles. This is a great challenge

that requires urgent solution from experts especially in the field of Chemistry. A long lasting

solution to these challenges is required. Based on these challenges in April 2016 a workshop

that involved over eighteen countries of the world was organized in Kuala Lumpur.

The outcome of this workshop which is expected to form the Global Chemists’ Code of Ethics will be shared and discussed in order to encourage its widespread adoption and

sustainable implementation. It is important for Professionals and policy makers to work

together encouraging ethical research practices. The adoption of the globally recognized

standards for the safety and security of chemicals cannot be overemphasized.

mailto:[email protected]




4

Theoretical design of phenothiazine-based sensitisers for dye-sensitised

solar cells

Idara N. Obotowo1*

, Ime B. Obot2, Okon U. Abakedi

1

1Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria

2Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, King Fahd University of Petroleum and

Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The challenges facing the design and testing of dye sensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) are the expensive and time-consuming synthesis procedures which have hindered the rapid increase of their efficiencies and computational simulations have proven to be efficient in addressing this challenge. Three novel organic donor-π-acceptor dyes (D3-1, D3-2, D3-3) were designed and studied using computational methodologies based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) in order to investigate their potential for photovoltaic applications in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). The electron acceptor (anchoring) group was 2-cyanoacrylic acid for all dyes, the electron donor moiety was phenothiazine with methoxy groups as substituents and thiophene units were used as π-spacer. The computations of the geometries and electronic structures for the proposed dyes were performed using B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level of theory in gas phase. The absorption spectra was examined using TD-CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level of theory in gas phase. The results obtained reveal that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of these dyes can ensure positive effect on the process of electron injection and dye regeneration. DFT and TD-DFT calculations reveal that the molecular properties of the dyes including spectral response, light harvesting efficiency (LHE), free energy of electron injection (ΔGinject

), are remarkably improved compared to the reference D3 dye. The calculated results reveal that all three dyes can be used as potential sensitisers with dye D3-1 showing the best electronic and optical properties and good photovoltaic properties.

Keywords: DFT, phenothiazine, sensitisers, dye-sensitised solar cells

Schematic energy diagram of the new dyes D3-1, D3-2 and D3-3 designed from D3, TiO2 and electrolyte (I-/I3). The EHOMO, ELUMO and energy gap (Egap) of the dyes are in gas phase

Research area: Physical/Theoretical/Computational Chemistry




5

Attenuation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crude oil

contaminated soil using sewage sludge-derived biochar amended with

humic acid

Nnanake-Abasi Offiong1,2*

, Edu Inam1,2

, Nsikak Abraham2,3

, Opeyemi Fatunla2,3

1Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

2Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (CEESR), University of Uyo,

Uyo, Nigeria 3Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Release of petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment by spills or leaks constitute major

concerns and sometimes require regulatory compliance monitoring. There are needs for cost

effective and efficient methods for remediation of such contaminated environments. The

present study evaluated the potentials of sewage sludge-derived biochar amended with humic

sediment and commercial humic acid for attenuation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

(PAHs) in crude oil contaminated soil. The results revealed that biochar amended with more

humic sediment demonstrated greater capacity to reduce the concentration of PAHs in

contaminated soil. The least efficiency was observed in a composite containing mostly humic

acid and biochar while the best efficiency was recorded for the amendment containing humic

acid, humic sediment and biochar and had removal efficiencies between 12 % for

fluoranthene and 100 % for naphthalene. Further investigation is required to fully optimize

the amendments for better remediation.

Keywords: PAHs, crude oil contaminated soil, remediation, biochar, humic acid

Profile of PAHs in simulated soils remediated by different formulation of biochar and humus

substances in comparison with control sample

Research area: Environmental Chemistry




6

Adsorption of AV 19 onto banana peel impregnated nanoscale manganese

Solomon E. SHAIBU

*, Efiong Nsinem Eyo, Victor F. Ekpo

Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

Corresponding author

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In this study, banana peel powder impregnated with nanoscale manganese (BMn) was

prepared by the aqueous phase borohydride reduction method and characterized using

scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and

PIXE analysis. The synthesized BMn was subsequently applied for the sorption of acid violet

19 (AV 19) dye representing a triarylmethane class of dyes from aqueous solution. The

adsorption of AV 19 dye was investigated under various experimental conditions such as pH,

contact time, initial concentration of AV 19 dye and adsorbent dosage. The results showed

that the synthesized BMn was an effective adsorbent with a high AV 19 dye adsorption

capacity of 263.5 mg/g. At concentration of 140 mg/L MB dye, 0.02 g of BMn resulted in

78.3 % removal at 165 rpm for a contact time of 120 min at a solution pH of 7.6. The

equilibrium data were best represented by Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second

order kinetic model better explained the kinetic data.

Keywords: Nanoscale manganese (nMn), bamboo, AV 19 dye, adsorption, isotherm, kinetics

Area of Research: Environmental Chemistry



7

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination arising from primitive e-

waste recycling in Aba Metropolis, Nigeria

Chisom M. Obasi

*, Nkechi H. Okoye, Uche E. Ekpunobi, Rosemary U. Arinze

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5027,

Awka, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The E-waste recycling sector in Nigeria has been poorly studied with regard to environmental

contamination of the soil, particularly for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released

from thermal treatment of plastic coated e-waste. Ten surface soil samples were randomly

collected from E-waste work areas in Aba, Nigeria. Concentrations of 16 USEPA priority

parent PAHs in the samples were determined using gas chromatography coupled with flame

ionization detector (GC-FID). Chemical fingerprinting analysis were carried out to determine

the possible source(s) of detected PAHs. The average concentration of PAHs across the five

sites ranged from 21.2 to 1016 g/kg dry weight. Compositional dominance of 4 to 6 ring

PAHs (> 70%) were observed across all the five sample sites. This type of distribution profile

suggest that the major contribution of PAHs to soils is combustion sources with minor

contributions from spilled petroleum products. Similar distribution profile and significant

correlation (r > 0.80, p < 0.01) were found among individual PAHs from site AS I, AS II and

AS II, suggesting similar source of PAHs. Similar trend was also observed between site AS

IV and V (r > 0.70 p < 0.01). Based on the principal component analyses (PCA) of PAHs,

three possible sources of PAHs were identified including: combustion of plastic coated e-

waste, petroleum product spill and high temperature combustion of petroleum products.

These results suggest that PAH concentration in soil is derived from combustion activities of

the primitive E-waste recycling workers with minor input from petroleum product

combustion and petroleum product spill.

Keywords: E-waste, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Soil, Principal component

analyses (PCA)

Plot with PC1, PC2 and PC3 from principal component analysis. Factor loadings of 16 PAHs

on PC1, PC2 and PC3




8

Characterization and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of methylene

blue on activated bone char

John B. Edet1,2

, Edu J. Inam1,2*

, Ubong J. Etim3, Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong

1,2

1Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

2Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (CEESR), University of Uyo,

Uyo, Nigeria 3State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, School of Science, China University of

Petroleum, Huadong, 266280, Qingdao, P.R. China


ABSTRACT

Adsorption potential of activated cow bone char for the removal of methylene blue from

aqueous solution was studied. Comparative proximate characteristics of animal bones

reported in the literature presents cow bone ash as the most promising adsorbent. Hence,

surface characterization of the adsorbent was performed using Fourier transform infra-red

spectroscopy, N2 adsorption as well as x-ray diffraction techniques. Batch adsorption studies

to investigate the efficiency of the adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solution

were evaluated. Surface characteristics of the adsorbent revealed the presence of phosphate,

carbonate, hydroxyl, carbon-carbon, carbon-hydrogen and silicon-oxygen bands as well as -

tricalcium phosphate. Porosity analysis of the adsorbent indicated a total pore volume of

0.261 cm3/g predominated by mesopores (0.251 cm

3/g) and a total Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller

(BET) surface area of 112.0 m2/g. Batch adsorption studies revealed significant increase in

adsorption especially in slightly alkaline medium (pH 7.5) where about 95.17 % of the

chromophoric contaminant was removed from the system with just 0.3 g of the adsorbent.

Equilibrium data were subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms,

the data was best described by Langmuir’s isotherm, though with a relatively low coefficient

of determination (R2 0.8097) suggesting a single layer adsorption of the dye molecules. This

study indicates that activated carbon from cow bone could be utilized as a low cost adsorbent

for the removal of MB from aqueous solution.

Keywords: Methylene blue, batch technique, cow bone char, adsorption isotherms

Surface characteristics and adsorption potential of cow bone ash: A- FTIR spectrum of

adsorbent, B- adsorption potential at different pH, C- XRD spectrum of adsorbent and D-

Porosity characteristics of adsorbent

Research area: Environmental/Physical Chemistry




9

Phytochemical, anti-nutritional and toxicity assessment of Moringa oleifera

seeds, stem bark and leaves using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) assay

Obi C. Bright* and Oluwaniyi O. Omolara

Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals which occur naturally in plants and have

protective or disease preventive properties. Anti-nutritional factors are nutrient “antagonist”, they are compounds which reduce the nutrient utilization of food intake in plants or plant

products used as human foods. Hence, their removal is of high importance as it affects the

nutritional quality of food samples. The brine shrimp lethality assay is also considered a

useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity. Phytochemical and anti- nutritional factors

in Moringa oleifera plant parts were determined using various standard methods, while the

toxicological assessment was done using brine shrimp lethality assay. The phytochemical

screening and anti-nutrients of the samples revealed that the leaves were highest in Alkaloids

(6.68±2.35 %), Saponins (35.66±0.78%) and Tannins (0.64± 0.45 mg/100g) while the stem

bark has the lowest contents with values 0.53±0.25%; 14.3±0.33% and 0.56±0.17mg/100g

respectively. The seeds were however high in Flavonoids (14.21±0.66%), Oxalates

(31.98±0.62mg/100g), Phytates (0.85±0.04mg/ 100g) and Cyanogenic glycoside (7.4±0.00

mg/100g). The toxicological study also revealed that extracts from the three parts were not

toxic after 24 hours. Mortalities however took place after 48hours (between 1-5 nauplii death)

and 72 hours (5-10 nauplii death) at varying concentrations.

Keywords: Phytochemicals, anti-nutrients, toxicity, brine shrimps, human health

Field/Area of Research: Industrial/Organic Chemistry




10

Coordinative interaction of chitosan-azo dyes towards selected first row

transition metals

Onome Ejeromedoghene *

, Sheriff Adewuyi

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240,

Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Chitosan is an abundant bio-polymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin in the

exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan was found to be an attractive alternative to other bio

materials due to its significant physicochemical behavior and ability to selectively bind to

early and post transition metals. In order to improve the performance of this bio-polymer,

chemical modification of chitosan composite and its derivatives have gained much attention.

In this study, a new biopolymeric ligand was synthesized by functionalizing chitosan with the

azo dyes (eriochrome black T (EBT) and sudan III (S3)). The functionalized compounds were

interacted with different concentrations of metal ions leading to complex formation. Both the

new ligand and the complexes were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)

and Uv-Vis Spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra reveal a possible hydrogen bonding between

chitosan and the azo dyes. It also suggests an interaction between the N=N of the ligand with

the metal ions. In addition, the Uv-Visible spectra studies shows that on reacting various

concentrations of metal ions with ligand the absorbance increases with decreasing

concentration of the metal ions and was able to interact with as low as 0.001 M of the metal

salt.

Keywords: Chitosan, Biopolymeric ligand, Eriochrome black T, Sudan III, Transition metals

Research area: Inorganic Chemistry




11

Kinetics of ethanol effect on iron content of ashed cow liver

Magu, Thomas Odey1*

; Sunday, Esther Aniedi2; Louis, M. Hilter

1 and

Ugi, U. Benedict

3

1Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar. P.M.B.1115, Calabar


3Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, P.M.B.1123

Calabar


ABSTRACT

This research studied the kinetics of ethanol effect on iron content of the mammalian liver.

Results obtained reveals that the concentration of iron in the liver decreases with increasing

time interval. The initial iron content in the ashed cow liver was 22.61 mg/L. After 10

minutes of impregnating the iron solution with local ethanol, the amount of iron reduced to

14.30 mg/L. At one hour interval, the quantity of iron further decreased to 7.54 mg/L and

after 90 minutes, it decreased again to 5.36 mg/L. the half-life, rate of reaction as well as

order of reaction was determined. The pH of the liver extract was almost constant throughout

the time interval of measurement. The average pH was 6.52. This research confirms that

ethanol reduces or destroys the iron present in a biological system.

Keywords: kinetics, half-life, rate of reaction, order of reaction, mammalian liver

Research area: Physical/Industrial Chemistry




12

Synergistic effect of phytochemical extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and

lantana camara .L leaves in the formulation of muscle pain restorative

ointment

Obiora Joy. O., Onu John C. and Ezeike Amarachi K.

Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Chemistry Unit), Federal Polytechnic Oko,

Anambra State, Nigeria

Correspondence should be addressed to: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Phytochemicals continue to play important role in the discovery of pharmaceuticals. In this

present study, synergistic effects of Cymbopogon citratus and lantana camara .L leaves

crude extracts obtained through cold extraction with 80% methanol and essential oil

through steam distillation method using Clevenger apparatus were used as bioactive agent

in the formulation of muscle pain restorative ointment. The phytochemical screening

results of the extracts investigated showed positive results for the presence of alkaloids,

flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, steroids and phenols. High intensity of

bioflavonoid (+++) with 10% ferric chloride solution and deposition of yellowish coloured

precipitate proved the product efficacy in natural ointment formulation in oil phase. The

extracts in the ratio (Cymbopogon citratus:lantana camara .L) 2:8, 4:6, 6:4, 8:2, 0:5, 5:0

and 5:5 (ml/100g) doses were used as bioactive agent in the formulation of muscle pain

restorative ointments using liquid paraffin as blank. The tested products on the muscles of

volunteers gave positive results based on restoration time. It was observed that combined

dose formulation with blend 6:4 and 5:5 gave quick restoration in five minutes than in

single doses that restores in 55 minutes. Therefore with the bio active agent, an

environmentally friendly, muscle pain restorative ointments were explored.

Keywords: Phytochemical; Synergistic effects; Bioactive agent and ointment

Research area: Phytochemistry







13

Production of soap from raffia palm fruit seeds (Raphia hookeri) and

calabash gourds ashes (Crescentia cujete)

Esther A. Sunday1*

, A. U. Israel1, Magu T. Odey

2


2Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River

State, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

The making of soaps using vegetable matter (raffia palm seeds and calabash gourds) was

examined. All the factors known to impact blackish colouration in soap products after

saponification process was studied, with the view of remedying them. The remedial process

involved subjecting the dried samples to total combustion, soaking, filtration and

recrystallization of the ash-residue to obtain a pure/colourless extract. Oil was extracted from

cow fat and palm kernel. The soaps were produced by modifying a known conventional

method. The following parameters were determined: acid value, moisture content, pH,

saponification value and specific gravity. The oil to lye composition of the soap was in the

ratio of 2:2 and 2:1 respectively. The quality of the soap produced competed favourably with

other medicated soaps. The physic-chemical properties of the produced soap reveals that the

plants (Raffia Palm Fruit Seeds and Calabash Gourds) can be used as potential raw materials

in the production of soaps with improved quality.

Keywords: calabash gourds, raffia palm seed, soap, saponification

Research area: Polymer/Industrial Chemistry




14

Stability investigations on Cu(II) and Mn(II) compounds of 3-(2-pyridyl)-

5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,4′-disulfonic acid using quantum chemical

methods

Abidoye, Damilola Ezekiel+, Jeje Oyeyinka Felicia and SEMIRE, Banjo*

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria +Lead author: [email protected]


ABSTRACT

Quantum chemical methods are powerful in studying transition metal complexes. Density

functional theory and semi empirical calculations have been carried out on Cu(II) and Mn(II)

complexes of 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,41-disulfonic acid. The

computational methodologies is based on semi-empirical calculations that are performed at

PM3 and PM6 levels, while the hybrid B3LYP method with 6-31G** basis set was used for

density functional theory (DFT) calculations in order to study their stabilities and molecular

properties. All calculations were carried out with Spartan 14 software package. The predicted

geometries supported distorted octahedral structures of the complexes. The FMO plots

revealed that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied

molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of mono Cu(II), bimetallic Cu(II) and bimetallic

Mn(II) complexes are mainly on sulfonic acid and pyridyl-triazine-metal respectively;

however both the HOMO and the LUMO of mono Mn(II) complex are on pyridyl-triazine-

metal. The calculated energy gap, chemical hardness and softness showed that mono Cu(II)

and bimetallic Mn(II) complexes would be hard, thermodynamically stable and less

polarizable. The stabilization energies value calculated at DFT for mono Cu(II) and

bimetallic (or polymeric) Mn(II) complexes are -2.62x102

kcal/mol and -5.78x104 kcal/mol

respectively which shows the preference for synthesis of mono Cu(II) and bimetallic (or

polymeric) Mn(II) complexes as observed experimentally.

Keywords: Copper (II), Manganese (II), 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,41-

disulfonic acid, molecular properties, Stabilization energy

Research area: Physical/Computational Chemistry



15

Evaluation of nutritional composition and bioactive components of

matured corn silk (Zea Mays hair)

Habu Christopher1, Zakari Ladan

2, O.A. Babatunde

3

1Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, P.M.B. 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria

2 Departments of Chemistry, Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria


ASTRACT

The present study reports the nutritional composition and bioactive components of a matured

corn silk (Zea Mays hair). The study revealed the presence of various nutrients in the matured

Zea Mays hair which include %Ash content (3.7867±0.02), % crude lipid (1.2616±0.04),

%crude protein (18.725± 0.79), %crude fibre (42.357±0.03), %total carbohydrate

(28.8439±0.01) and estimated energy value (201.63kcal). The mineral composition showed

high concentrations of sodium (26mg/L), Potassium (12mg/L) and iron (8mg/L) while

calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) have the same concentrations of (6mg/L). The

crude methanolic extracts of the matured corn silk (Zea mays hair) revealed the presence of

flavonoids, Tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, phenols, terpene and terpenoids and the

absence of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. While, the crude n-hexane extracts of the

matured Zea mays hairs revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols,

terpene and terpenoids and the absence of Alkaloids, phlobatannins and cardiac glycosides.

Keywords: Zea Mays hair, Nutritional composition, Elemental composition, bioactive

component

Research area: Organic Chemistry



16

Statistical analysis, parameters' effects and optimization of colour removal

from real textile wastewater using modified sawdust of Parkia biglobosa

Abdulsalam K.1*, Giwa A.

1, Oladipo M.

1, Arinkoola A.

2

1Department of Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000,

Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B.

4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The removal of color from textile waste water is a major environmental problemas they are

sometimes carcinogenic or mutagenic and the first contaminant to be recognized in water.

Obtaining the optimum conditions i.e., the specific point at which maximum % colour

removal can be achieved is only obtainable by optimizing all the affecting parameters

collectively by statistical experimental design.A novel optimization study on the adsorptive

removal of colour from a real textile wastewater collected from LAUTECH onto modified

sawdust of Parkia biglobosa was conducted. The Design of Experimental (DoE) that

provides detailed information from minimum number of experiments, was employed in this

study rather than the traditional one-variable-at-a-time technique which is both time

consuming and cost ineffective. The adsorbent was characterized using different methods. A

total of 20 experimental runs were performed using Central Composite design of experiment,

and the results were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The characterization

analysis indicates that the adsorbent has potential adsorption sites (represented by functional

groups OH, C = O, C = C, and C = S) with several pores and carbon content as high as

66.77%. The Central Composite Model developed is predictive for colour removal from

wastewater (R-square= 0.985). The percentage colour removal increased with an increase in

adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The optimum conditions required for 88.85 %

colour removal from the wastewater with a desirability of 0.95 are 1.0 g dose of adsorbent at

a temperature of 30.01 oC and contact time of 25 hr.

Keywords: Adsorption, Statistical Analysis, Optimization, Textile Wastewater, Sawdust

Figure of 3D interactive effect of contact time and dose on Percentage removal (% R)

Research area: Analytical/Environmental Chemistry



17

Scavenging rhodamine B dye using moringa seed pods

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Bukola Morenike LASISI*, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN


P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Moringa oliferia seed pod was modified using orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) and used as

adsorbent for sequestering Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solution. The acid

modified adsorbent (MOSPAC) was characterized using Scanning Electron microscopy

(SEM), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), pH point of

zero charge (pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT) techniques respectively. Operational

parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature were studied in

batch process. Equilibrium data was obtained by testing the adsorption data using four

different isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. It

was found that adsorption of Rh-B dye on MOSPAC correlated well with the Langmuir

isotherm model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 1250 mg g-1

. The

kinetics of the adsorption process was tested through pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-

order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model

provided the best correlation for the experimental data studied. The adsorption process was

controlled by both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms.

Thermodynamic study showed that the process is endothermic, spontaneous and feasible.

The adsorption followed chemisorption process. The study provided an effective use of

MOSP as a valuable adsorbent for the removal of RhB dye from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Adsorption; Rhodamine B; Moringa seed pod; kinetics; thermodynamics

Field of Research: Physical Chemistry/Adsorption Technology




18

Thermochemistry in interstellar formation processes: the ESA relationship

Idaresit E. Mbakara1 and Emmanuel E. Etim*

2

1Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

2Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Interstellar molecular species play significant roles in diverse fields such as atmospheric

chemistry, astrochemistry, prebiotic chemistry, astrophysics, astronomy, astrobiology, etc,

and in our understanding of the solar system ''the world around us''. Despite the importance of

these molecules, there is lack of consensus about how they are formed under the low

temperature and low density conditions of the interstellar clouds. In this presentation, the

Energy, Stability and Abundance (ESA) relationship existing among interstellar molecular

species which points to “Thermochemistry” as one of the factors influencing interstellar formation processes will be highlighted. According to the ESA relationship, “Interstellar

abundances of related species are directly proportional to their stabilities in the absence of

the effect of interstellar hydrogen bonding”. The importance of the ESA relationship in what

is unarguably one of the most important classes of interstellar molecular species - 'interstellar

isomers' and in the linear carbon chains which remain the dominant theme in interstellar

chemistry will be presented.

Keywords: Astrochemistry, interstellar medium, abundance, quantum chemical calculations

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

0

100

200

300

400

500

HCnN carbon chains

astronomically observed

not astronomically observed

En

tha

lpy o

f fo

rma

tio

n, kca

l/m

ol

n

Plot showing the ΔfHO for HCnN chain molecules

Research area: Physical/Astrochemistry/Computational Chemistry




19

Chemical constituents and biological activities of the leaves and stem

essential oils of Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk) grown in Nigeria

Nureni O. Olawore1*

, Akeem A. Aliyu1, Adegbite Omolola

1, Lateef Agbaje

2 and Ololade

Z. Sunday3

1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Department of Chemical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

The chemical constituents and biological activities of the leaf and stem essential oils of

Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk.) grown in Nigeria were investigated using Gas

Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. The phenolic content, antimicrobial,

antioxidant and acute toxicity tests were also investigated. α-Gurjunene (9.29%), 8-

oxatetracyclo [5.2.1.1(2,6).1(4,10)] dodecane (7.99%), α-pinene (6.80%), humulene (6.55%),

2-isopropylidene-3-methylhexa-3,5-dienal (6.31%), farnesene epoxide (6.24%) and linalool

(5.07%) were the principal constituents of the leaf oil. The major constituents present in the

stem oil were n-octane (7.22%), 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (7.14%), germacrene D (6.68%),

n-decane (6.08%), limonene (5.16%) and 1,2-dimethylbenzene (5.07%). The total phenolic

contents were estimated as 159.00 µgGAEmg-1

for the leaf oil and 44.00 µgGAEmg-1

for the

stem oil. Both oils displayed good antioxidant activities with respect to the results obtained

from free radical scavenging and reducing power activities. The in vivo acute toxicity showed

that the oils were non-toxic and safe for human consumption. The leaf oil was active at 100

mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus (Urine), S. aureus (Wound), Klebsiella pneumoniae

(Urine), Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger while there was no noticeable inhibition for the

stem oil.

Keywords: Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk), α-gurjunene, germacrene D, essential oil

Research area: Organic Chemistry/Natural products




20

Levels of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids in okra

and tomato samples from Alau Dam, Borno State, Nigeria

Chellube Z. Muhammed

1, Abdul Nuhu

1, Shondo N. Josiah

1,2* and Onwualu A. Peter

2

1Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria

2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and

Technology, P.M.B 681, Garki, Abuja F.C.T, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The concentration of pesticide residues such as o,p`-DDD, p,p`-DDT, dieldrin, aldrin,

dichlorvos, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion, cypermethrin, Bifenithrin, Permethrin and

deltamethrin were determined by an improved extraction method from okra and tomato fruit

vegetables using high performance liquid chromatography. The selected pesticides were

extracted from okra and tomato fruit vegetable samples using smaller volume of ethyl-

acetate, anhydrous sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride. Cleanup was done with activated

charcoal. Final extracts of okra and tomato fruit vegetable samples were analysed using high

performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a ultra-violet detector in an isocratic mode.

The concentrations of all the organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos, Diazinon,

Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion,),organochlorine pesticides (o,p`-DDD, p,p`-DDT, dieldrin,

aldrin,) and pyrethroids (Cypermethrin, Bifenithrin, Permethrin, Deltamethrin) in the okra

and tomato samples from the agricultural area was observed to be higher than the maximum

residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs) set for vegetables by the

Cordex 2009 (WHO and FAO). It is recommended that a more rigorous control and

monitoring regime for pesticides for vegetable production should be put in place for the area,

to reduce the risks of health hazards.

Keywords: Okra, Tomato, Organochlorine (OC), Organophosphorus (OP), Pyrethroids

Research areas: Analytical Chemistry /Materials Science and Engineering




21

University research and local economic development: a case study of AUST

and its host community

Afolayan D. Oluwasegun

1,2*, Onwualu A. Peter

1

1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and

Technology, P.M.B 681, Garki, Abuja F.C.T, Nigeria 2 Department of

Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Gwagwalada, FCT.

Nigeria.


ABSTRACT

Universities play several roles in their communities. One of their key functions is to support

and drive regional, social and community development. Others include: participation in

regional clusters, supporting local, cultural and artistic activities, providing opportunities for

regional start-ups or established companies and taking an active role in determining the

strategic direction of local development. Several research breakthrough and output of African

Universities have ended up in the laboratories, many as mere conference proceedings while

others had even managed to get into some award-winning journals. However, failure to adopt

and implement such research findings, faulty correlation between the viable research

methods, tested economic instruments and many more had crippled economic integration and

development in Africa. This research survey addresses the identified failures of Nigerian

researchers and research institutions. The results were analyzed using the chi-square test, T-

test and ANOVA methods of analyses in order to test the research hypothesis for possible

recommendations. Strategies for optimizing commercialization of innovation from the

University were recommended as tools required in the pursuit of local economic

development. Justified recommendations that will catalyze the conversion of scientific

research and logical innovation into useful economic integration and development were

deduced based on the research, innovation and development nexus.

Keywords: Innovation, commercialization, economic development, spin-off, knowledge

spillover

Research Field/Areas: Chemical Engineering/Mineral Processing/Materials Science




22

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using titanium dioxide

modified with nitrogen

Stephen Doctor and M. T. Yilleng

Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, P.M.B 2339 Kaduna, Nigeria

Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The study involves the investigation of altering the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 using

ammonia as a precursor for nitrogen doping. The findings in this research have justified the

synthesis and investigation of the nitrogen doped TiO2 photocatalyst in the treatment of

organic industrial dyes by degrading methylene blue dyes which serve as a model dye for this

study. From the result obtained, the percentage conversion for the degradation of methylene

blue was 97.30%, 85.75%, 65.10% and 60.30% using 1%N-TiO2, 3%N-TiO2, 5%N-TiO2 and

PURE-TiO2 under ultraviolet light provided by a mercury lamp after 80 minutes of

irradiation with proper stirring respectively. High efficiency of the degradation of methylene

blue dye was achieved using 1%N-TiO2 while there was that closeness in photoactivity

between 5%N-TiO2 and PURE-TiO2. Generally, the degradation efficiency follows the

following trend 1%N-TiO2 >3%N-TiO2 >5%N-TiO2>PURE-TiO2. Therefore, doping TiO2

with nitrogen shows higher activity toward degradation of methylene blue dye compare to

pure TiO2 within the first 80 minute time of irradiation. It shows constancy in the rate

constants of the reaction for each prepared photocatalyst in the degradation of methylene blue

dye for the 80 minutes of irradiation with respect to first order equation. This means that the

pseudo-first order kinetics of dye removal is acceptable for all photocatalytic processes.

Under similar conditions however, the comparison of the lines slope of the photocatalysed

reaction which is the apparent rate constant was observed to follow trend 1%N-TiO2 >3%N-

TiO2 >5%N-TiO2>PURE-TiO2.

Keywords: N-TiO2, PURE-TiO2, methylene blue dye, photo-catalyst, degradation

Schematic mechanism of photocatalytic reaction occurring on photoactivated N-TiO2 particle

Research area: Analytical/Physical/Nano-chemistry




23

Determination of the removal efficiency of activated carbon produced from

milk bush shell (Thevetia Peruviana) using 2-level factorial design

Ogunniyi, Samuel1,2

*; Omole, Ayodeji Emmanuel1,2

; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3

;

Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2,3

; Olayiwola, Akeem O. 2,4

; Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola2,5

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 2

Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit (BWERU), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria;

3 Science and Engineering

Research Group (SAERG), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 4Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 5Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic

University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

A low cost carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from milk bush shell (MBS) impregnated with ethylamine was tested for its removal efficiency (RE). The process parameters investigated include: initial concentration, time, agitation and temperature. This study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of activated carbon to remove methylene blue dye in aqueous solution. The MBS was sourced within Ogbomosho town. The kernels were washed with water to remove surface impurities, sun-dried, mechanically cracked, re-washed and then oven dried at 105 to constant weight. The dried MBS were ground to uniform sizes and subjected to activation processes using Ethylamine. Optimisation was conducted based on 2-Level Factorial Design using Design Expert (10.0.1.0) software. The RE of activated carbon was studied using methylene blue as adsorbate. 0.1g of each of the sample was added to 10ml of methylene blue concentration of 10mg/L from 50mg/L stock solution prepared. It was left for 24hours forming two layers of supernatant and the residue. Supernatant was taken for further studies. The highest RE (72.16%) was obtained at Run 1 (30 mins, 600 , 0.5 IMR, 300Hz and at frequency time of 60mins) while the lowest RE (-6.63%) was obtained at run 10 (30 mins, 300 , 0.1 IMR, 600Hz and at frequency time of 30mins). Numerical optimization suggests our desirability(1) to be selected(72.206) could be achieved at 600 , 30mins, 1:0.5 IMR, microwave frequency of 300 Hz and microwave time of 60 mins. MBS is found to have a relatively high RE when carbonized at a higher temperature and treated with a suitable activant.

Keywords: Milk Bush Kernel Shell (Thevetia peruviana), Removal Efficiency, Activated Carbon, 2-

Level Factorial Design and Methylene blue

Standardized Effect of the Model Terms with respect to Half Normal % probability of the removal

efficiency

Research Area: Chemical Engineering

0.00 0.40 0.79 1.19 1.58 1.98 2.38

01020

30

50

70

80

90

95

99

Half-Normal Plot

|Standardized Effect|

Half-

Norm

al %

Pro

babil

ity

A-Temp

B-Time

C-IMR

D-FreqE-MW Time

AB

AC

ADAE

BC

BD

BEDE




24

Factorial optimization of methylene blue removal efficiency on

dimethylamine-modified brewery spent grain activated carbon

Olatunji, Yinka Emmanuel1,2*

; Ademola, Ayodeji Joshua1,2

; Oyebanji, Benjamin

Oladeji1,2


; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2

; Amuda, Omotayo

Sharafdeen 2,4

; Okunade, Inioluwa Deborah5,2


Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2

Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of

Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3

Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Nigeria 5Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State,

Nigeria

* Corresponding author: [email protected]; +2348161535938

ABSTRACT

Brewery spent grain (BSG), major solid waste from brewery, was used as precursor for the

production of low cost activated carbon suitable for the removal of methylene blue in this

study. The BSG samples obtained from brewery were washed, dried, modified with

dimethylamine before being subjected to carbonization. The factors such as temperature,

time, and impregnation ratio, microwave frequency and frequency time for the activation

process were optimized according to 2-Level Factorial Design of Design Expect (10.0.1)

software. The removal efficiency of the BSG-activated carbon was studied using methylene

blue as adsorbate. Exactly 0.2g of BSG-activated carbon sample was added to 20 ml of distill

water containing 10 mg/l of methylene blue. The supernatant was subjected to UV test at

645nm after 24 hours in order to quantify the amount of methylene blue unadsorbed. The

highest and lowest removal efficiency obtained were 89.58% (0.10 IMR, 300 temperature,

60 minutes frequency time, 300 Hz frequency, 60 minutes time) and 33.52% (0.25 IMR,

300 temperature, 60 minutes frequency time, 300 Hz frequency, 120 minutes time)

respectively. Numerical optimization suggested the following conditions 0.1 (IMR), 300.00

(carbonization temperature), 300.549Hz (frequency), 59.691 minutes (frequency time),

60.301 minutes (time) as the optimum conditions, with removal efficiency of 89.525%. The

result obtained also shows that the difference between statistically determined and the

optimized removal efficiency was 0.055 (0.061%). This study indicates that Factorial

Methodology can be effectively used to determine the removal efficiency of activated carbon

developed from Brewery Spent Grain.

Keywords: brewery spent grain, carbonization, removal efficiency, Optimization

Research area: Chemical Engineering




25

Methylene blue dye removal efficiency onto organic base activated

adsorbent (milk bush kernel shell)

Raheem, Nafisat Motunrayo*1, 2

; Adeshina, Toheeb1,2

; Adeyi, Victoria Abosede1,2

,

Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3

and Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2

Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of

Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3


Ogbomoso, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Basic dyes are the brightest class of water soluble dyes used by the textile industries, and

Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most frequently used dyes in all industries. Health effects

like eye burns, and irritation to the gastrointestinal tract with symptoms of nausea, vomiting

and diarrhea is as a result of this MB in water. Milk bush kernel (Thevetia peruviana) shell

was collected, it was dried, crushed, washed, re-dried and sorted and milled to medium size.

An organic base was used as an activating agent, triethanolamine and neutralized by

trichloroacetic acid, an organic acid. The factors chosen for the carbonization are;

Temperature (°C), Time (min), IMR, Frequency (Hz) and MW Time (min), response was

removal efficiency, RE (%). The optimum condition was obtained from Design Expert in

which initial conditions and final conditions was fed into the design and 16 experimental runs

was generated and used for the carbonization of T. peruviana in muffle furnace. The stock of

methylene blue was prepared followed by serial dilution with water; this was used for

removal efficiency, RE experiment, using effect of initial concentration, effect of contact

time and effect of agitation. No transformation was done to the model and 2 Factors

Interactions was selected as Model design for the response. The maximum, 84.186% gotten

from run 13 at temperature of 600°C, time, 30 min, IMR of 0.1, frequency of 600Hz and MW

time of 60min. Also, the minimum -7.197% was gotten at run 4 when temperature is 300°C,

30min time, IMR of 0.1, frequency of 600Hz, and MW time of 60min. The optimum effect of

initial concentration is 10mg/l while no equilibrium reached for contact time, the removal

efficiency increases as the time is increases. Isotherm models used in the study was

Langmuir, Elovich, Temkin and Intraparticle while the Freundlich is not favorable for this

study; likewise kinetic models are first-order and second-order kinetic models.

Keywords: Dye, Organic base, Carbonization, Removal efficiency





26

Reactions and mechanism of tartrazine and molybdate ion in hydrochloric

acid

Patricia Ese Umoru* and A.O. Aliyu

Department of Chemistry, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

The reaction and mechanism of tartrazine and molybdate ion in hydrochloric acid has been

investigated at a temperature of T = 30 ± 1oC, [H

+] = 1 x 10

-4 mol dm

-3 and ionic strength, µ

= 1.0 mol dm-3

. The reaction is first order with respect in both tartrazine and molybdate ion.

The rate of reaction was found to decrease with increase in ionic strength concentration and

increased with increase in dielectric constant concentration; added cation and anion also

increased the rate of reaction. The reaction rate showed increase as the [H+] increased which

obeyed the rate law: —d[TZ+]/dt = (a + b[H

+])[TZ

+][MoO4

2-]; at 30 ± 1

oC, [H

+] = 1 x 10

-4, µ

= 1.0 mol dm-3 (NaCl) and max = 560 nm. Investigation of spectroscopic test did not indicate

the formation of intermediate complex during the course of the reaction as suggested by

absence of intercept in Michaelis- Menten plot and lack of shift in max. Hence a plausible

mechanism in favour of outer-sphere mechanism has been proposed.

Keywords: Reaction, Mechainsm, Tartrazine, Molybdate ion

Research area: Inorganic Chemistry




27

Effect of π-linkers on photo-electronic properties of benzodithiophene

(BDT) –thienopyrroledione (TPD) donor-acceptor dyes for dye sensitized

solar cells (DSSCs) using TD-DFT and DFT methods

Adediran Adejumo+ and Banjo Semire

*


P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria +Lead author: [email protected]


ABSTRACT

Conjugated polymers, containing benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b] dithiophenes (BDT) as donor units and

thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,5-diones (TPD) as acceptor units were modified by introducing

thiophene/fused thiophenes as π-linkers for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Quantum

chemical calculations were performed on the modelled dyes using time-dependent density

functional theory (TD-DFT) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The effect of π-

linkers on the dyes molecular geometries, intra-molecular charge transfer, electronic and

optical properties were examined and discussed. The calculated parameters were the HOMO,

LUMO, ∆Eg (EHOMO-ELUMO), global reactivity indices and light harvesting efficiency (LHE).

Diethoxy- benzothiophene;pyrrole-2-carbonitrile-8 (DBPC8) dye was estimated to have the

most outstanding photo physical properties, better conductivity, high photocurrent and charge

transfer better ability than others. The calculated LHE and chemical hardness (η) suggested that the narrower the gap between LHE and η the longer the light absorption wavelength and the better a D-π-A dye sensitizer to be used in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Therefore,

introduction of π-linker to benzodithiophene-thienopyrrole-dione (BDT-TPD) dyes especially

for DBPC8 lowered the ∆Eg, improved intra-electronic charge transfer (ICT) and

photocurrent of the dye compared to benzodithiophene–thienopyrroledione (BDT-TPD) dyes.

Keywords: Benzodithiophene derivatives, photo-electronic, dye-sensitised solar cells, DFT

Research area: Physical/Computational Chemistry

Schematic structure and Energy gap diagram of the studied dyes. Where X represent thiophenes

/fused dithiophene and Y= S, Se





28

Optimization of adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using

activated carbon produced from mango kernel shell using barium chloride

Okeowo, Idris Olanrewaju1,2*

; Balogun, Ezekiel Olalekan1,2

; Alade, Abass

Olanrewaju1,2,3

, Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2

and Farombi, Abolaji Grace 2,4


Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2

Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit (BWERU), Ladoke Akintola

University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3

Science and Engineering Research Group (SAERG), Ladoke Akintola University of

Technology Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; +2347069433332

ABSTRACT

The presence of methylene blue (MB) in wastewater is a major concern in the environment

due to its low biodegrability and harmful effect on man. The treatment of effluent containing

such dye is important where adsorption on activated carbon (AC) produced from agricultural

waste is of great choice. Optimization of the adsorption of MB from aqueous solution onto

AC prepared from mango shell was investigated. The AC was prepared from mango shell,

activated with BaCl2 at I.R (0.033-0.167), frequency (300-600 Hz), time (30-60 min) and

carbonized at temperature (200-500 ◦C) and time (β0-60 min) based on the 16 runs generated

by the Design of Expert. 2-Level factorial design was applied for optimization. Batch

adsorption experiment was carried out at 25 °C to study the effect of contact time and initial

dye concentration on MB adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were

investigated. The optimized values of adsorption capacity (0.774 mg/g) was obtained at 0.0γγ, γ00 C, 59.64 min, 300 Hz and 48.14 min as compared to the experimental value of

0.805 mg/g. The pred R2 of 0.9966 was in reasonable agreement with the Adj R

2 of 0.9998.

The MB uptake increased with increase initial concentration and contact time. The isotherm

analysis implied that the adsorption data fit better by Temkin isotherm (R2=0.9425 & 0.9842)

and kinetic data was best described by intra-particle diffusion model (R2=0.9909) at initial

concentration of 10 & 15mg/L. The result implied that mango shell was suitable as an

adsorbent material for adsorption of MB.

Keywords: Activated carbon, Methylene blue, Mango shell, Optimization, Adsorption

Isotherm, and Kinetic

Research area: Chemical Engineering/Water treatment and adsorption




29

Optimization of adsorption capacity of activated African star apple

(Chrysophyllum Albidium) shell carbon using 2-level factorial design

Adeshina, Temidayo Olumide1,2*

; Asimiyu, Abdulsalam Olawuni1,2

; Alade, Abass

Olanrewaju1,2,3

; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2

and Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola2,4


Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola

University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4Biotechnology Engineering Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia

Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The potential of African star apple (chrysophyllum albidium) shell as a good material for the

production of effective adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption was investigated in the

study. The shell was crushed, washed, treated with trichloroacetic acid and then subjected to

carbonization under different experimental conditions. Experimental conditions such as

temperature, time, impregnation ratio, microwave frequency and frequency time were

optimized according to 2-Level Factorial Design of Design Expect (10.0.1) software. The

chrysophyllum albidium shell (0.1g) sample was mixed with 10 ml of methylene blue (10

mg/l). The supernatant obtained after 24 hrs was subjected to UV test at 645nm quantify the

amount of methylene blue unabsorbed. The results obtained were further used for adsorption

isotherm. The highest and lowest adsorption capacity obtained are 0.9962 mg/g (0.1IMR,

300 , 60 min frequency time, 300 Hz and 60 mins carbonization time) and 0.3617 mg/g

(0.25 IMR, 300 , 60 mins frequency time, 300 Hz, 120 mins carbonization time)

respectively. The numerical optimum of the adsorption capacity, determined by the software,

was 0.99786 (0.497 IMR, 546.864 , 107.152 mins carbonization time, 315.416 Hz, 59.483

mins frequency time), with 0.18% difference from experimental results. Freundlich isotherm

was discovered to be the best isotherm for this study with R2 value of 0.9997. This study has

demonstrated the suitability of using chrysophyllum albidium shell to develop effective

adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue from wastewater and Factorial Methodology

could be effectively used for study.

Keywords: adsorption capacity, chrysophyllum albidium, methylene blue, trichloroacetic

acid

Area of Research: Chemical Engineering/Adsorption / Wastewater Treatment



30

Heavy metals and microbial analysis of water samples used for domestic

purposes in Oluyole Estate, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria

Adegboyega A.M*, Fagbemiro V.I and Olalude C.B

The Polytechnic of Ibadan, Chemistry Department, Oyo State, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Contamination of the environment with heavy metals from both human and natural sources is

a well known global problem. This study was conducted to determine the quality of water in

an industrialized area in Ibadan. A total number of twenty (20) samples were collected from

ten wells and ten boreholes from different locations and were investigated for the heavy

metals, physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics using standard methods. The pH

ranged from 6.3-8.3, total dissolved solid ranged from 1276.67-2816.67mg/l, total hardness

ranged from 48.67-86.97mg/l. The chloride and nitrate concentration ranged from 10.33-

27.37mg/l and 0.20-4.10mg/l respectively. Also the temperature, electrical conductivities and

the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, cadmium, lead, iron, copper

and zinc were also determined. The viable bacterial counts were determined using standard

plate method. The total aerobic count and total coliform count ranged from 1.0×102cfu/ml-

8.9×105 cfu/ml and 1.0×10

4cfu/ml-8.3×10

3cfu/ml respectively. The microbial isolates were

Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Aeromonas sp, Enterobacter sp, Flavobacterium, Proteus,

Micrococcus sp, and Escherichia coli. This study revealed that the physicochemical

parameters of the water samples were within the EPA and WHO permissible limits but the

total aerobic counts and coliform counts for all the samples were observed to have exceeded

the EPA and WHO standard limits hence making the water in this areas unfit for drinking.

Keywords: Physicochemical, bacteriological, quality, industrial area, heavy metal

Research Area: Environmental Chemistry



31

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profiles in farmland soils around the

vicinity of tobacco processing local industry, Oke-aran, Igboho, Nigeria

John O. AJIBADE1, Taofik A. ADEDOSU

1*, Haleema O. ADEDOSU

2 and Olamilekan

I. MUFUTAU1


Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Tobacco production is an unheralded scandal with noxious and hazardous compounds that are

genotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic to the environmental habitation. This study has been

carried out to determine the distributions, sources and toxicity potential of polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vicinity of tobacco processing local industry, Oke-Aran

Area, Igboho, Oyo State, Nigeria. Soil and food crop samples collected from tobacco curing

site and the surrounded farmlands were extracted with sonicator and the extracts were

fractionated saturate, aromatic (PAHs) and polar fractions. The detection and quantification

of 19 priority PAHs compounds were carried out using GC-FID. The total concentration of

the 19 PAHs in soils ranged between 136.70 g/kg to 889.30 g/kg and the highest

concentration was recorded at the curing site while the lowest concentration was recorded at

the distant farmland. The distribution of PAHs ring size is in the order of 5˃4˃γ˃6˃β and the diagnostic indices calculated showed that the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in

the samples were mainly pyrogenic. The total concentration of carcinogenic PAHs ranged

from 6.07 g/kg to 321.04 g/kg and total concentration of toxic PAHs ranged from 6.27

g/kg to 254.37 g/kg and the mean concentration were closer to accepted detection limit.

The concentration and distribution of individual PAHs in the samples showed that tobacco

processing local industry is the major source of pollution in the study area and the farmlands

needs to be remediated before further use.

Keywords: Pollution, soil, PAHs, carcinogenic


mailto:[email protected]:



32

Proximate analysis of the edible part of African walnut and physico-

chemical analysis of the oil extracted from the nut (Tetracarpidium

conophorum)

Adekanmbi, T. O. and Abiona, O. O.

Chemical Sciences Department, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author’s Emailμ [email protected], Phone number: +2348038041050

ABSTRACT

The proximate composition of raw nut of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut)

were quantitatively evaluated using the methods of the Association of Official Analytical

Chemists (AOAC). Walnuts were dehulled, sorted, dried, weighed and milled to powdered

form. The results of the study showed that the moisture content is 4.3% , ash content 7.0% ,

crude protein 17.73% , crude fibre 6.5% , crude oil 56.55% , carbohydrate 7.92% . The oil

was extracted using soxhlet extraction method and characterized for physicochemical

properties using standard methods. Oil yield of walnut kernel was 56.55% and the physico-

chemical analysis of oil extract include the specific gravity, saponification, acid value, free

fatty acid, ester, peroxide value and viscosity, the values are 0.8911 , 82.05 , 3.60 , 2.5, 78.45

, 9.40, and 1.512 respectively. Characterization of the oil revealed that the oil has free fatty

acid content and ester which suggest its suitability also as edible oil while the high acid and

low peroxide content were indicatives of high susceptibility to rancidity and low antioxidant

levels. These suggest the suitability of walnut oil for industrial and domestic purposes.

Keywords: Proximate composition, Tetracarpidium conophorum, Physico-chemical

properties,

Research Area: Analytical Chemistry




33

Tetraaza macrocyclic ligands: synthesis, elucidation, antibacterial and

antifungal studies

E.C. Ohaekenyem1*, V.I Onwukeme

1, F.B. Okoye

2, J.T. Okonkwo

2, U.E Ekpunobi

1

1Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra

State Nigeria

2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nnamdi

Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State Nigeria

* Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Two teteraazamacrocyclic ligands —1, 6, 9, 14 -Tetraazacyclodotriaconta-1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13,

15, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 28, 31 -Tetradecene (Civel), and 1,6,9,14-tetraaza-3,4,11,12-

tetrahydroxyl-cyclodotriaconta-1,5,7,8,9,13,15,16,18,21,23,25,28,31-tetradecene (jicvel)

were prepared using 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline(A) and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-

dicarbaldehyde(B), with the later being a product of oxidation of the 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-

phenanthroline. The civel ligand was synthesized by the condensation of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-

phenanthroline and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbaldehyde, using Zeisel method, while

jicvel ligand was synthesized through benzoin condensation of 2,9-dial derivative of 1,10-

phenanthroline. The Co complex of civel was equally synthesised. The structures of the

ligands were elucidated using results obtained from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

spectroscopy having 1HNMR signals at 3.15 ppm and 7.78-8.46 ppm, and

13CNMR signals at

23.20 ppm and 126.10-160.10ppm; Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy

confirms the presence of functional groups with the following vibrations 1493.92cm-1

,

1586.50, 2928.04cm-1

, 2850.00cm-1

; High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), X-

Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Ultra-Violet (UV) spectroscopy. The Ultra-Violet (UV) analysis

results, together with Tanabe-Sugano energy diagrams revealed that the Co ion in the

complex was in +4 oxidation state with band assignments, 1,2T2g to (

2T1g,

2A2g); 2,

2T2g to

2Eg; 3,

2T2g to

2A1g ; that the ligands were of strong field and that the complex is octahedral in

shape. The Crystal Field Stabilisation Energy (CFSE) calculated showed -11174cm-1

as the

stabilisation energy of transition metal (Co) complex. The compounds A, civel was in

orthorhombic crystal system, while B, jicvel, was in Cubic crystal systems. Antimicrobial

analysis of the ligands and the complex on two gram-negative bacteria, (Escherichia coli and

Klebsiella pneumonia), two gram positive bacteria, (Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus

subtilis), and two fungi, (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) showed activity against

gram positive bacteria and fungi but none against gram negative. They can find applications

in pharmaceutical industries.

Keywords: Supramolecules, tetraaza macrocycles, ligand, and phenanthroline

Specialty: Inorganic Chemistry

N

N N

N

OH

OH OH

OH

(A) (B) CIVEL JICVEL





34

Rhodamine B dye sequestration using Gmelina arborea leaves

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Esther Oluwadamilola ALABI*


P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

E-mail corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Chemically prepared activated carbon derived from Gmelina arborea leaves (GAL) were

used as adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solutions. The

textural adsorptive characteristics of activated carbon prepared from GAL were studied using

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR), Energy

Dispersive X-ray (EDX), pH point of zero charge (pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT)

techniques respectively. The effect of contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature

were also examined. Experimental data was analyzed using four different isotherm model

equations: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich. Four adsorption kinetic

models: Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models

were used to test the adsorption experimental data in order to elucidate the kinetic adsorption

process. The adsorption of Rh-B dye on GAL was best described by Langmuir Isotherm

model with maximum monolayer coverage of 1000 mg.g-1

. Adsorption data was best

described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as

standard free energy change (ΔGo), standard enthalpy change (ΔHo

), standard entropy change

(ΔSo) were studied. Values of ΔHo

was 1510.86 Jmol-1

, ΔSo was 386.26 Jmol

-1K

-1, ΔGo

varied between -22712.58 to -18193 Jmol-1

indicating that the removal of Rh-B dye from

aqueous solution by GAL was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Acid treated GAL was

found to be an effective absorbent for the removal of Rh-B dye from aqueous solution.

Keywords: Rhodamine B; Gmelina arborea leaves; isotherms; kinetics; thermodynamics.

Field of Research: Physical Chemistry – Adsorption Technology




35

Phytochemical and anti-microbial analysis of the leaves of Cola Gigantea

(Sterculiaceae)

Chukwuebuka T. Onyema*, Emmanuel C. Ohaekenyem and Vincent I.E. Ajiwe

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.O Box 5025,

Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

*Corresponding author’s emailμ [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The abundance of diseases caused by different microorganisms with their susceptibility to

treatment using locally sourced medicinal plants and rapid resistance to conventional drugs

necessitated the phytochemical and antimicrobial analyses of the purified leaves extract of

Cola gigantea. Extracts obtained using Harbone method of extraction were separated using a

combination of column and preparative thin layer chromatography resulting in the isolation

of two fractions tagged A and B with Rf values of 0.4467 and 0.7067 respectively. Structure

elucidation of fractions using FTIR, UV-Visible, GCMS, H1 and C

13- NMR gave rise to the

following suggested compounds A and B. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of

some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids,

steroids, tannin, terpenoids in various concentrations with cyanogenic glycosides and saponin

completely absent. The values of mineral elements; Cd (0.40mg/g), As (0.03mg/g), Cr

(0.90mg/g), Co (0.43mg/g), Fe (0.04mg/g) etc in the leaves all conformed to the WHO

recommendations thus showing its overall safety for therapeutic purposes. Punched Agar

diffusion method for antimicrobial analysis was carried out on the two isolated fractions

comparatively with a standard drug cipromax fort (a broad spectrum antibiotic). A total of

fourteen test organisms consisting of eleven bacteria strains and three fungi were used with

the leaves fractions being active on all the test organisms given their average diameter zones

of inhibition which ranged between 10mm and 28mm. As such these fractions can serve as

anti-microbials to diseases caused by these test organisms as acclaimed by ethnomedical

practitioners.

Keywords: Cola gigantea, phytochemicals, anti-microbials, structure elucidation, heavy

metals

Isolated Leaves Fractions A and B

Research Area: Organic/Natural Products Chemistry

A B

1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid,dioctyl-dodecanoic

acid,2-propenoic acid,2-methyl-ethenyl ester

Dodecanoic acid

1,2-Benzene Dicarboxylic Acid, Diisooctyl

Ester,2-Hydroxy Cyclopentadecanone




36

Adsorption kinetic studies for the removal of Rhodamine B dye using

mango pod (Mangifera indica) as adsorbent

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Opeyemi Sulaimon AWONIYI*, Oyindamola Teniola

AJAYI




ABSTRACT

This study investigates the use of acid modified mango pod (MP) absorbent for the removal

of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized using Scanning

Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray

(EDX), pH point of zero change (pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT) techniques respectively. A

series of experiments were conducted in batch system to assess the effect of the operational

parameters, i.e. temperature, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time

respectively. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities and related

correlation coefficients of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle

models were calculated and discussed. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo

second-order kinetic model for the experimental data studied with the highest correlation

coefficient of correlation (R2 > 0.99). The adsorption process was controlled by both

boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms. Four isotherm models Langmuir,

Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), were used to analyze the

equilibrium data at different temperatures. Freundlich model gave the best fit with the highest

regression (0.99) while Langmuir isotherm model gave a maximum monolayer adsorption

capacity of 500 mg g-1

. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as standard Gibbs free

energy (∆G0), standard enthalpy (∆H0), standard entropy (∆S0), and the activation energy (Ea)

were calculated. The adsorption process of Rhodamine B dye onto different activated carbon

prepared from mango pod was found to be feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature.

The study showed mango pod as a valuable and effective adsorbent for the removal of

Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution.

Keywords: Mango Pod; Rhodamine B dye; Adsorption; kinetics; isotherms, thermodynamics




37

Qualitative and quantitative characterization of Acalypha godseffiana leaf

Uwakmfon A. Effiong and Imaobong E. Daniel*

Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization of acetone and ethanol leaf

extracts of Acalypha godseffiana were investigated. Preliminary screening of the two extracts

revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phytosteroids, triterpenes

and cardiac glycosides at varying concentrations. However, anthraquinones, carbohydrates

and coumarins were absent in both extracts. Quantitatively, both extracts contained

glycosides as the major phytochemical constituent. This account for the ethno-medicinal

application of the plant extract in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorder, antibacterial,

antifungal agents, abdominal disorder, skin infections, headache and a temporal remedy for

bronchial ailments. Hence, this provides a scientific support to the folkloric claims of the

plant in the treatment of various ailments in traditional medicine.

Keywords: Acalypha godseffiana, Euphorbiaceae, qualitative and quantitative

characterization, leaf extract

A B

A-Acalypha godseffiana plant; B- Quantitative characteristics of Acalypha godseffiana leaf

extracts

Research Area: Organic/ Natural Products Chemistry

The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

(LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017

38

Inhibition efficiency tendencies of Jatropha Tanjorensis leaf extracts

on the corrosion of aluminium in acidic medium

Nsikan E. Ituen*, Mfon A. James

Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria

*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The corrosion inhibition of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution by Jatropha

tanjorensis ethanol leaf extract (JELE) and Jatropha tanjorensis acetone leaf extract

(JALE) was studied using weight loss and thermometric methods. The presence of

both extracts (JELE and JALE) significantly inhibited the corrosion of aluminium in

hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with

increase in the concentrations of both JELE and JALE, respectively. Inhibition

efficiency increased with increase in temperature of JELE but decreased with increase

in temperature of JALE. The maximum inhibition efficiency by JELE was 88.96% at

60°C at extract concentration of 5.0 g/L while that of JALE was 48.48% at 30°C at

extract concentration of 5.0 g/L. The Ea values in the presence of the different

concentrations of JELE were lower than in their absence while Ea values in the

presence of the different concentrations of JALE were higher than in their absence.

The calculated thermodynamic parameters revealed that the corrosion inhibition

process was both endothermic and spontaneous. The experimental data obtained from

both leaf extracts obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Chemical adsorption

(chemisorption) has been proposed for the adsorption of JELE on aluminium surface

while physical adsorption (physisorption) is proposed for the adsorption of JALE on

aluminium surface.

Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, aluminium, Jatropha tanjorensis, weight loss,

thermometric, Langmuir isotherm

Research Area: Physical Chemistry



39

Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the leaves and

seeds essential oils of Syzygium guineense (Wild) grown in Nigeria

Rukayat A. Odewande1, Nureni O. Olawore

1*, Akeem A. Aliyu

1, Taofik A.

Adedosu1 and Lateef Agbaje

2

1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of

Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of

Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

This study was aimed at determining the chemical compositions and antimicrobial

activities of the leaves and seeds essential oils of Syzygium guineense (Wild). The

pulverized leaves and seeds of Syzygium guineense (Wild) were subjected to

hydrodistillation using an all glass Clevenger-type apparatus and the essential oils

obtained were characterized by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry.

The essential oils were evaluated for antimicrobial activities using agar well diffusion

method. The yields of the leaf and seed essential oils were 0.5% and 0.3%, w/w

respectively. The major components found in the leaf oil was cyperene (23.0%), -

pinene (14.2%), D-limonene (13.0%) and α-pinene (11.9%) while the seed oil was

dominated by octadec-9-enoic acid (14.3%), guaiol (10.5%) and humulane-1,6-dien-

3-ol (10.3%). The essential oils exhibited moderate in vitro antibacterial activities

against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella granulomiatis, Staphyllococcus aureus, Proteus

vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which ranges from 10-14 mm. Also, moderate

inhibitions were observed in the in vitro antifungal activities against Penicillin

chrysogenum, Candida albican, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger which ranges from

11-22 mm. The obtained data indicated that the essential oils of the two parts of the

plant could be exploited as antibacterial and fungicidal agents.

Keywords: Syzygium guineense (Wild), cyperene, guaiol, humulane-1,6-dien-3-ol,

essential oil

Research area: Organic/Natural Products Chemistry




40

Antimalarial effects on the comparative studies of chemical

constituents identified in the stem, root and fruit peel essential oils of

Citrus paradisi grown in Nigeria

Nureni O. Olawore1, Vinesh J. Maharaj

2, Oluwasayo E. Ogunjinmi

1,2,3*, Taofik

A. Adedosu1, and Akeem A. Aliyu

1

1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of

Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, South Africa

3Chemistry Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Three parts of Citrus paradisi growing in Nigeria were chosen with the aim of

investigating the chemical composition of the essential oils of the plant and their

antimalarial effects. Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography coupled to Time of Flight

Mass Spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) was used for compositional profiling and an in

vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (CQS) NF54 was used

for malarial screening of the oils. Pulverized plant samples (500 g) were

hydrodistilled using all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus to obtain the essential oils.

The compositional profile of the stem oil revealed the presence of 36 components

(93.28 %). A total of 179 compounds totaling 78.11% was identified in the root oil

while 126 components amounting to 90.51% were detected in the fruit peel oil. The

major components of the stem oil were 2-heptanone (24.18%), 3(Z)-hexen-1-ol

(23.04%), hibaene (12.61%) and naphthalene-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8-dimethyl-2-(1-

methylethyl)-, [2R-(2a,4aa,8aa)] (10.26 %). -cadinol (6.51%) and α-Phellandrene

(6.32%) were detected as the major components in the root oil while -myrcene

(13.08 %), limonene (11.15%), caryophyllene (8.81%) and (2R,5S)-2-methyl-5-(prop-

1-en-2-yl)-2-vinyltetrahydrofuran (8.36%) were the major components in the fruit

peel oil. C. paradisi root oil showed a moderate activity (IC50 =ββ.β g/mL), C.

paradisi stem oil revealed weak activity (IC50 = 48.1 g/mL) while C. paradisi fruit

peel oil has no significant activity against P. falciparum strain. The compositional

pattern of the oils obtained revealed significant qualitative and quantitative

differences and these might have resulted in the observed differences in the

antimalarial activity.

Keywords: Citrus paradisi, Plasmodium falciparum, constituents, hibaene





41

Determination of amino acid content in fresh Crinum jagus bulb as a

measure of its anti- neurogardiogenic syncope potential

Abiona, Dupe Lydia1, Onawumi Oluwayemi Olanike

2, Oladoye Sunday

Olusegun3

1Department of Chemistry, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2,3Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of

Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Crinum jagus belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. It is commonly found in swampy

locations. It is used locally to treat neurocardiogenic syncope and other related brain-

heart diseases. Syncope is essentially a failure of the brain and the cardiovascular

system to adequately communicate and respond to each other. The brain coordinates

body activities via brain chemicals called neurotransmitters which are usually made of

amino acids. This study estimated the amino acid content in Crinum jagus bulb using

ninhydrin colorimetric method, in order to establish its local use in treating

neurocardiogenic syncope. The result of the study revealed that crinum jagus bulb

contains: asparagines; 96.00±1.41 g/g, ornithine; 6.00±0.707 g/g,

alanine;88.50±2.120 g/g, aspartic acid; 94.00±0.707 g/g, cystene;8.50±2.12 g/g,

glutamic acid; 32.00±2.83 g/g, glycine; 14.00±1.41 g/g, histidine;26.00±1.41 g/g,

isoleucine; 18.50±0.707 g/g, leucine; 63.00±1.41 g/g, lysine;22.50±2.12 g/g,

methionine; 10.00±1.41 g/g, phynylalanine; 20.50±0.707 g/g, proline; 14.00±1.41

g/g, pyrrolysine; 25.00±1.41 g/g, serine;11.00±1.41 g/g, threonine; 16.00±1.41

g/g, tyrosine;13.50±0.707 g/g, tryptophan; 93.50±2.12 g/g and valine; 86.00±1.41

g/g. Some of which are brain neurotransmitters and some are biosynthetic precursors

for the brain neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and Gamma

aminobutyric acid (GABA). Therefore, it can be concluded that Crinum jagus bulb

has the potential to cure neurocardiogenic syncope.

Keywords: Crinum jagus, amino acids, neurotransmitters, brain, syncope




42

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of oil

from two varieties of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers

Aliyu A. Warra,1* Leye J. Babatola

2, Bashir D. Ibrahim

2 and Adedara O.

Adejoju3

1Kebbi State University of Science & Technology, Aliero, Nigeria

2Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji- Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria

3Federal University of Technology, Akure. Nigeria


ABSTRACT

The qualitative determination fatty acids from hexane extract of two varieties of

Cyperus esculentus L. tuber oil using GC-MS analysis revealed the following fatty

acids: palmitic acid, steric acid, Margaric acid, elaidic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid,

behenic acid.and arachidic acid. The results of the fatty acid composition of oil from

the two varieties of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers through GC-MS analysis

indicated their suitability for industrial production of cosmetic products.

Keywords: Tiger nut, tuber oil, GC-MS, fatty acids, cosmetics

Research area: Organic Chemistry/Fats and Oils Technology, Cosmetic Science




43

Liquid phase adsorption of Rhodamine-B dye using locust bean pod

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO*, Funmilayo SARUMI, Olasunkanmi Seun LAMEED


P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

The efficiency of acid modified locust bean pod (ALBP) as low cost adsorbent to remove

Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solution was studied. The morphology, functional

groups and elemental analysis of the adsorbent were investigated by SEM, FTIR and EDX

analytical techniques. Operational parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration

and solution temperature were investigated. The amount of Rh-B dye adsorbed was found to

increase as these operational parameters increased. Kinetic data for Rh-B dye adsorption onto

ALBP were best represented by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The Weber-Morris

diffusion model result showed that intraparticle diffusion is not the rate limiting step. Four

different isotherms namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich

models were used to test the adsorption data. It fitted the Langmuir isotherm model most with

maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 1111.1 mgg-1

. Increase in temperature resulted

in a corresponding increase in Rh-B dye adsorbed, suggesting that the adsorption process was

endothermic. ΔG0 values were negative (-3876.96 to -3233.25 J mol

-1), indicating that the

process of Rh-B dye adsorption onto ALBP was spontaneous. The positive value of ΔS0

(40.64 J mol-1

K-1

) suggests that the process of dye adsorption was endothermic. ALBP

adsorbent was found to be both effective and viable for the removal of Rh-B dye from

aqueous solution.

Keywords: Rhodamine-B dye (Rh-B); locust bean pod; isotherm; kinetics; thermodynamics





44

Antihyperlipidemic activity of Amaranthus Hybridus leaves on rats fed

with high fat diet

Oladiji A.Temidayo and Asiyanbola E. Olawale*

Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Hyperlipidemia has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to the

prevalence and severity of coronary heart diseases. Hyperlipidemia is characterized by

elevated serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density

lipoprotein (VLDL) and decreased high density lipoprotein levels (HDL). Hyperlipidemia-

associated lipid disorders are considered to cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This

study was carried out to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of Amaranthus hybridus

leaves in female albino rats. A total of Thirty (30) animals were used, divided in to six groups

and were induced with Hyperlipidemia using Goat fat namely: A (NC), B (HFD) and C

(STD) and the hyperlipidemic groups D, E & F were treated with Amaranthus hybridus-based

diet (10% GRN, 25% GRN and 50% GRN). The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (good

cholesterol) were found to be high in the rats fed with 10%, 25% & 50% of A. hybridus-

based diets and those of LDL-cholesterol (bad cholesterol) were found to be reduced. The

significant reductions in concentrations of LDL cholesterol observed may be as a result of

antihypercholesterolemic action of the fibre-based diet enhancing the efflux of cholesterol

from the arterial wall by increasing the efficiency of the liver, thereby lowering its

concentrations in the blood. This study suggests that Amaranthus hybridus has

antihyperlipidemic activity when combined with other condiments.

Keywords: Antihyperlipidermia, Amaranthus hybridus, atorvaststin, high fat diet, cholesterol

Research Area: Biochemistry



45

Investigation of the chemical constituents of the leaves and stem volatile

oils of Cananga odorata (L.) grown in Nigeria

Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore*, Saidat B. Musediq, Rodiyat O. Amoo and

Oluwaseun O. Akinsipe


Ogbomoso, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

This investigation deals with the determination of the chemical constituents present in the

leaves and stem volatile oils of Cananga odorata (L.) grown in Nigeria. Pulverized leaves

and stem of C. odorata were hydrodistilled using an all glass Clevenger type apparatus and

characterized by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. The yields of the leaf

and stem volatile oils were 0.1% and 0.04%, respectively. Both oils were constituted by

sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 49.76% of the leaf oil and 87.90% of the stem oil. The principal

constituents of the leaf oil were: -linalool (23.08%), caryophyllene (22.54%), trans-α-

bergamotene (13.32%), Megastigma-7(E), 9,13- triene (8.40%), humulene (8.01%) and 1R-α-

pinene (7.44%) while the stem oil consisted of (Z,Z)-α-farnesene (48.04%), caryophyllene

(18.37%), trans-α-bergamotene (11.54%) and ocimene (7.00%) as the major constituents. The

results obtained from this study revealed that terpene hydrocarbons predominates the leaves

and stem volatile oils of C. odorata grown in Nigeria.

Keywords: Cananga odorata, hydrodistillation, trans-α-bergamotene, volatile oils





46

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of some

mixed diclofenac potassium and paracetamol metal complexes

Aliyu A. Abdulbasit*1, Joshua A. Obaleye*

1, Olowude Seyi

1, Olalekan W. Salawu

2 and

Bello K. Eneye3

1Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

2Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

3Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

*Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Complexes of Mn2+

, Fe2+

, Co2+

, Ni2+

, Cu2+

and Zn2+

with mixed diclofenac potassium and

paracetamol have been synthesized. The resulting complexes were characterized by melting

point, solubility, conductivity measurement, elemental analyses, UV-Vis, FT-IR spectroscopy

and magnetic susceptibility measurement. Antimicrobial activity of the complexes against

some known bacterial as well as fungal isolates was carried out using the agar - diffusion

technique. The IR spectral data suggested that the ligand-paracetamol acts as a neutral

bidentate ligand coordinated to the metalions via the lone pair of electrons of nitrogen and

carbonyl-O atoms of the amide group. Diclofenac potassium offered the lone pairs of electron

in the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group for coordination as well as the nitrogen atom of

the amine group which is typical of a carboxylic acid derivative. The results of the in-vitro

antibacterial screening revealed an increased activity of the complexes against the bacteria

isolates compared to the free drugs.

Keywords: Paracetamol, divalent metal ion, diclofenac potassium, coordination,

antimicrobial activity

Research Area: Inorganic Chemistry

(a) (b)

Charts showing the antimicrobial activities of the free ligands and some of their complexes at

(a) 200ppm and (b) 400ppm



47

Determination of pesticide residues in edible crops and soil from University

of Agriculture, Makurdi Farm

Peter O. Onuwaϯ, Ishaq S. Eneji, Adams U. Itodo and Rufus Sha’Ato

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria ϯCorresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Pesticide residues were extracted from edible crops (Daucus carota, Capsicum Anuum,

Telfairia occidentalis, Solanum lycopersicum, Amaranthus Hybridus, Solanum macrocarpon)

and soils using dispersive solid-phase extraction method. The extracts were analysed using

GC-MS technique. The mean concentration of (mg/kg) pesticides in soil samples were 12.1 ±

0.1, 0.09 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.02, 14.9 ± 0.2 and 5.05 ± 0.2 for butachlor, aldrin, dieldrin,

pendimethalin and propanil, respectively. Pesticides concentration in vegetables ( g/kg) generally ranged from 0.001 ± 0 - 1.64 ± 0.6, the highest value being cypermethrin and the

least alpha-HCH. Their concentrations in each sample ranged in this order; D. carota (1.62 ±

0.01- 0.001 ± 0); C. Anuum (1.63 ± 0.7 - 0.002 ± 0.001); T. occidentalis (1.64 ± 0.6 - 0.001 ±

0.001); S. lycopersicum (0.84 ± 0.7 - 0.002 ± 0.01); A. Hybridus (1.61 ± 0.5 - 0.001 ± 0); S.

macrocarpon (1.62 ± 0.01 - 0.001 ± 0), respectively. Cypermethrin showed the highest

concentration values in all vegetable samples while alpa-HCH has the least. Although all

samples showed values within WHO MRLs for spices, indicating they are transiently safe,

there is need for prolonged seasonal continuous monitoring.

Keywords: Organochloride, residues, safety, sorbents, seasonal, solid phase extraction

Research Area: Analytical/Environmental Chemistry

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daucus_carota

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daucus_carota



48

Study of combustion characteristics of ethanol-petrol mixture as fuel for a

four-stroke single cylinder S.I. engine

Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle1*

, Godfrey K. Akpomie2, Ikeokwu C. Ogbu

1, Ikedichi O.

Ekpe1

1Materials and Energy Technology Department, Projects Development Institute (PRODA),

P.M.B. 01609, Emene, Enugu, Nigeria 2Chemistry Department, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

In this study, the effect of using ethanol-petrol fuels in a typical SI engine’s combustion efficiency, fuel consumption and exhaust emission characteristics were experimentally

investigated. Ethanol addition to petrol as a fuel for a spark ignition (SI) engine was achieved

when mixed at varying percentages up to 30% by volume ethanol, each fuel denoted as Exx,

where xx indicates the percentage by volume concentration of the ethanol in the mixtures.

The problem of phase separation was avoided as a result of using a high purity ethanol

(>99%). A four stroke, single cylinder engine (type TEC-1200MS) was used for conducting

the study. While the combustion efficiency increased with ethanol addition, fuel consumption

(in terms of mass flow rate) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions also increased with ethanol

addition, however, carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emission

decreased with increasing ethanol content. However, nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide

(NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions were observed not to follow any particular trend

even though they tend to increase with ethanol addition, they perhaps depend on the engine

operating conditions (not investigated in this study) rather than the ethanol concentration. The

E30 fuel gave the best results for all measured parameters excepting UHC which recorded

lowest emission for E20 fuel. Conclusively, there was a very smooth run of the engine

throughout the experiments.

Keywords: Ethanol, petrol, mixture, emission, SI engine





49

Comparative assessment of water quality from hand dug wells and stream

around Otukpa Metropolis of Ogbadigbo Local Government of Benue

State-Nigeria

Iorungwa P. D., Iorungwa M. S. and Onoja M. O.* Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi-Nigeria

*Corresponding email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The contamination of surface water through human activities has been intensified over the

years. To ascertain the water quality around Otukpa metropolis for human consumption,

water samples were collected from four different locations. A total of thirteen physical and

chemical parameters (pH, colour, turbidity, TDS, TSS, EC, DO, COD, BOD, total hardness,

chloride ion concentration, SO42-

, and iron concentration) were analyzed. The pH of the water

samples ranged from 5.10 to 6.30, colour from (125 to 220) Ptco, turbidity from (1.25 to 15

.08) NTU, TDS from (14 to 395) mg/L, EC from (1662 to 979) uc/cm, TSS from (38 to 51)

mg/L, DO from (05.50 to 6.20) mg/L, COD from (4.20 to7.00) mg/L, BOD from (2.10 to

3.50) mg/L, total hardness from (60 to 120) mg/L, chloride ion concentration is from (35.50

to 212.70) mg/L, sulphate is from (0.00 to 12) mg/L and iron concentration is from (0.12 to

0.19) mg/L. Results revealed that the concentration of some parameters fall below the

acceptable standards, some within the acceptable standards, while others were above the

acceptable standards for drinking water. The implication and ways to circumvent any

deleterious effect has been clearly stated.

Keywords: Water quality, stream, well, Otukpa

Research area: Analytical/Environmental Chemistry



50

Batch process degradation of phenol using immobilized activated sludge

bacterial cells

Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle

1,2*, Eldon R. Rene

1, Lens N.L. Piet

1

1Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE Institute for

Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands 2Materials and Energy Technology Department, Projects Development Institute, P.M.B

01609, Emene, Enugu, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Microbial treatment especially bacterial is known to have a number of advantages over other

methods including complete pollutant conversion to innocuous end-products and low-cost,

notwithstanding some shortcomings of microbial inhibition to high phenol concentrations.

This study investigates the utilization of (phenol acclimated) activated sludge bacteria: in

suspension and Ca-alginate immobilized, to degrade phenol in a batch process at 30 oC, pH

7±0.2, 180 rpm and an initial atmospheric O2 in a dark room. Separate and simultaneous

control experiment containing the sterile nutrient media, sterile demineralized water and

sterile/dead microorganisms were also monitored to investigate any abiotic loss of phenol. An

indication of 100% removal efficiency (RE) of phenol was observed within 24 hours for

bacterial cells up to 400 mg/L, while in the same period about 80% RE of 500 mg/L was

observed. The continuation of higher phenol (up to 1500 mg/L) degradation with the bacterial

cells obtained a significant lag phase for biomass growth, phenol degradation and CO2

production at 1000 mg/L phenol while noticeable inhibition was observed at 1500 mg/L.

However, the inhibition at 1500 mg/L phenol was overcome by additional feeding of bacteria

after 5 days of incubation, although with a relatively low RE of 38.46% corresponding to 963

mg/L residual phenol. Nevertheless, alginate-immobilized bacterial cells gave an improved

removal efficiency of 90% for 500 mg/L but achieved in 48 h compared to the suspended

cells with a corresponding lag in CO2 production.

Keywords: phenol, activated sludge, degradation, Ca-alginate, immobilized cells

Research area: Environmental/Chemical Engineering and Technology




51

Chemical constituents of Combretum platypetalum leaves and their

medicinal implications

Umoh S. D.

1*, Anyam J. V.

1, Essien E. E.

2, Kaase T. P.

1, Oyekachi G. S.

3,

Offiong N.2, Gav B. L.

1, and Igoli J. O.

1

1Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture,

P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

3Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi-Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Combretum platypetalum is a species of the Combretum genus in the Combretaceae family.

Traditionally it is used in treatment of pneumonia, abdominal pains, diarrhea, dysmenorrhea,

infertility in women, earache, epistaxis, and haemoptysis. Scientific information to justify its

traditional use and other applications is inadequate in literature. The proximate composition

of the pulverized leaves and successive extraction by microwave assisted extraction method

using hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate were carried out. The composition of the ethyl

acetate extract was determined by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and proton

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry after vacuum liquid chromatographic separation.

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis identified linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid,

Hexadecanoic acid and 2, 3-dihydroxylpropylelaidate in C. platypetalum leaves. Proton

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry confirmed the mixture of fatty acids. The

relevance of this finding to the ethnobotany of C. platypetalum has been highlighted from

results of this study.

Keywords: Combretaceae; Combretum platypetalum; fatty acids; Isolation; Characterisation

Research Area: Medicinal/Natural Products Chemistry




52

Studies on the phytochemical constituents of persea americana leaf

Mutiu O. Amuda* and Theresa. I. Edewor


PMB 4000 Ogbomoso, Oyo State - Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The conservation of human’s physical and psychological well-being through traditional

healing has gained tremendous attention in recent time. In this regards, medicinal plant such

as Persea americana have been widely studied due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial,

antibacterial and antipyretic effects as a results of its phytochemical constituents.

Nonetheless, further methodical studies are essential on methanolic extraction of Persea

americana plant for phytochemical analysis. In this study, cold extraction of pulvurized

Persea americana leaves using methanol and the phytochemical screening of the extract are

reported. The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, saponins,

tannins, and alkaloids while steroids and glycosides were absent. The total phenolic content

was determined using folin-ciocatue and gallic acid as standard which revealed 250 µg/g

gallic acid equivalent. The total flavonoid content obtained was 500 µg/g using quercetin as

standard. Interestingly, the anti-oxidant assay of the crude extract showed a high activity of

89.05% at a concentration of 0.05 g/ml.

Keywords: antioxidant, flavonoid, phytochemical, phenolic, extraction

Research Area: Phytochemistry/Biochemistry/Medicinal Chemistry



53

Optimization of process variables by the application of D-Optimal Design

(DOD) for congo red removal using activated carbon prepared from

flamboyant pod back

Latinwo, G.K.1, Oke O. R.

1, Arinkoola A.O.

1, Alade, A.O.

1, 2,3 and Muhammed N.I.

4

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,

Nigeria 2Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola

University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4 Biotechnology Engineering Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia

Corresponding author: * [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to treat wastewater containing Congo red dye using activated

carbon produced from agro wastes (Flamboyant pod back). Simulated wastewater was

prepared by dissolving varying concentrations of Congo red dye in distilled water. The

flamboyant pod back was impregnated with CH3COOH in ratio 1:5 (w/v) and then

carbonization at 300 °C for 60 minutes to produce the activated carbon. The selected factors

[pH range (2 - 10), time (15 – 165 mins), agitation (80 – 200 rpm) and temperature (25 – 47.50

OC)] were optimized for the adsorption of Congo Red dye while the responses selected

for the adsorption study were adsorption capacity and percentage removal. The highest

adsorption capacity for the adsorption of Congo red dye was 9.762 mg/g at pH 6.00, time 75

mins, agitation 80 rpm and temperature 32.50 oC while the lowest adsorption capacity was

6.188 mg/g at pH 6.00, time 165 mins, agitation 160 rpm and temperature 32.50 oC. The

highest and lowest percentage removal efficiencies for Congo red dye were 87.62% and

51.88% respectively. Correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.5868 and Adjusted R

2 (0.3615) are

very close Flamboyant pod back has demonstrated viability of being a suitable precursor for

the production of activated carbon capable of removing Congo Red dye effectively from

wastewater.

Keywords: Adsorption, congo red dye, D-Optimal Design, flamboyant pod, removal

efficiency

Chart showing the relationship between %Removal and contact time





54

Nutritional value and antioxidant properties of most widely consumed

cultivated mushrooms in South East Nigeria

Ukaogo O.P. a

*, Siddhantb, Nnorom I.C

a, Ogbonna N.C

c and

Onyema C. T

d

aDepartment of pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Abia, Nigeria

bDurgesh Nandini Degree College, Faizabad-224123, U. P., India

cDepartment of Plant Science And Biotechnology, Abia State University, Abia, Nigeria

dDepartment of pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria

*Corresponding: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Mushrooms contain a multitude of bioactive compound with nutritional value. Among the

bioactive molecules, phenolic compounds are the most responsible for their antioxidant

activity. In the present work Pleurotus tuber-regium, Auricularia auricula-judae and

Lentinus squarrosulus, three edible mushroom species collected from Nigeria, were analyzed

for their nutritional value and antioxidant activity. For macroelement Ca has the higest value

101(mg/kg), Mg has 45.28(mg/kg) in A.auricula and Na lowest with 1.20 (mg/kg) in P.

tuberrgium while microelement Zn has 43.56(mg/kg) in P. tuberrgium and Mn has 0.06

(mg/kg) in L. squarrosulus. Glycosides and Anthraquinones were not present in the three

samples and Alkaloids not present in P. tuberregium. Carbohydrates were the most abundant

macronutrients, followed by proteins and ash. Fructose, mannitol and trehalose were the

prevalent susgars, but glucose was only found in P.tuber-regium. Unsaturated fatty acids

predominated over saturated fatty acids. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were abundant in

the three samples. Oxalic and fumaric acids were quantified in the three samples; quinic acid

was only present in L. squarrosulus, and malic and citric acids were only found in A.

auricula. p-Hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic and cinnamic acids were quantified in all the

species, while p-coumaric acid was only found in P. tuber-regium,. This species and A.

auricula revealed the highest antioxidant properties, being L. squarrosulus more effective in

radicals scavenging activity and reducing power, and A. auricula-judae in lipid peroxidation

inhibition, which is related with the highest amounts in phenolic compounds, respectively.

Keywords: nutritional, Auricularia auricula-judae, antioxidant activity

Research Area: Phytochemistry/Organic & Natural Products Chemistry/Food Chemistry



55

Characterization of biodiesel from composite waste oil, methanol: ethanol

(1:1) mixture with empty oil palm bunch residue and plantain peel residue

extracts

Taiwo, A. G.1,2

, Babarinde, N. A. A.1 and Ibikunle, A. A.

1

1Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University,

Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

2Science Laboratory Technology Department, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ogun State,

Nigeria

Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Energy, environmental security and sustainability with socio-economic and political

challenge of petroleum diesel led to a green and sustainable energy using Biodiesel (B100) is

used in most injection pump engines to reduce global warming. B100 was produced from

composite waste oil, (1:1) methanol: ethanol (1:6) with bio-KOH from empty oil Palm bunch

residue and Plantain peel residue extract catalyzed transesterification reaction at 65oC, 400

rpm for 2 hrs. The chemical properties confirmed using Gas Chromatography-Mass

Spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infra red (FT-IR), Ultra-violet Spectroscopy

(UV). A total of Thirty (30) fatty acid methyl ethyl esters (FAMEE) were identified by GC-

MS in four (4) samples using retention time and the fragmentation pattern data, includes 1,7-

Nonadiene 4,8-dimethyl, 2-Isopropenyl-5-methylhex-4-enal, Citral, 2,6-Octadienal 3,7-

dimethyl-(E), 6-Octen-1-ol 3,7-dimethyl-(R), 2,6-Octadienal 3,7-dimethyl-(Z), 4-Pentenoic

acid 3,3-dimethyl, 2,4-Heptadiene 2,6-dimethyl, 2,4-Heptadiene 2,4-dimethyl, 11,13-

dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol, 9-Octadecenoic acid(E), Oleic acid, 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-

dihexadecanoate, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, 8-Hexadecenal, 14-methyl-(Z), Hexadecanoic

acid methyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 11-Octadecanoic acid methyl ester, 6-Octadecenoic

acid, Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, 9-Octadecanoic acid methyl ester, (E)-9-Octadecanoic

acid ethyl ester, Ethyl Oleate, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-

(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The total

FT-IR peak height ranges from 3365.31 to 721.54 cm-1

and the total UV wavelength ranges

from 886.00 to 204.00 nm with Absorbance range of 1.539-0.004 respectively. Although

B100 shows the presence of saturated and unsaturated FAMEEs which are not economical

but are good compliment and substitute to petroleum diesel.

Keywords: Composite waste oil, methanol: ethanol, empty oil Palm bunch residue, plantain

peel residue and sustainable energy






56

Insights into the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye using rice husks

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO*, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN, Jeremiah Abiodun OJO



E-mail corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Rice husks (RH), the outermost layer of paddy grain that is separated from rice grains during

the milling process presents serious environmental problem during disposal. RH was

converted to a valuable adsorbent and used in adsorbing Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from

aqueous solution. RH was characterized using Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier

Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), pH point of zero charge

(pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT) techniques respectively. Different operational parameters

such as contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature affecting the adsorption

process were carefully studied in batch process. Adsorption data were tested using four

different isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The

adsorption of Rh-B dye on RH was found to correlate most with Langmuir isotherm model

with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 555.6 mg g-1

. Out of the four kinetic

models tested, pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best correlation for the

experimental data examined. The mechanism of adsorption of Rh-B on RH was governed by

both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion models. Thermodynamic parameters revealed

that the process is endothermic, spontaneous and feasible. The activation energy, Ea revealed

that the adsorption followed chemisorption process. This study promotes a sustainable

innovative use of RH as adsorbent for the removal of RhB dye from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Adsorption; Rhodamine B; rice husk; kinetics; thermodynamics




57

Adsorption of metylene blue from aqueous solution using acetylated

expanded polystyrene

Taiwo, Oluwayemisi Christianah1,2*

, Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3

and Ogunleye,

Oladipupo Olaosebikan1,2,3


Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria 2Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of

Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria 3Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University Technology,

Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Expanded Polystyrene is non-biodegradable and therefore litters and persist in the

environment after used and disposal. This research is aimed at recycling used expanded

polystyrene (UEPS) into effective adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from

aqueous solution. UEPS was activated with acetic acid and the activation was optimized

using D-optimal Design under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the Design Expert

(10.0.1.0) software. The conditions selected for the optimizing the activation process were

concentration of the acid (2.074-4.15 mol/dm3), impregnation ratio (0.5-1.5g/ml), microwave

frequency (300-600Hz) and contact time (60-90min). The optimum activation conditions was

2.074mol/dm3 of acetic acid, impregnation ratio of (1.13g UEPS: 100ml acid solution),

contact time (90min) and Microwave Frequency (300Hz). The optimum Removal Efficiency

and Adsorption Capacity were 82.689% and 0.827mg/g. The Correlation Coefficient (R2) for

the graph is 0.9935. Activated UEPS has a high removal efficiency, adsorption capacity and

the value of R2 is approximately is 1. Consequentially, Activated UEPS is an effective

adsorbent for the removal of MB from its aqueous solution.

Keywords: Activation, adsorption, D-Optimal Design, used expanded polystyrene,

methylene blue and optimization




58

In-vitro antimicrobial properties of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts

Moses I. J., *Gav B. L., Ijeoma A. O., Umoh S. D. and Tor P. N.

Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Benue State,

Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Chromolaena odorata is a species of Asteraceae family traditionally used for the treatment of

bacterial related diseases. The leaf was identified, collected, air dried, pulverized and

extracted with hexane, acetone and water successively. Its phytochemical constituents and

antimicrobial properties were determined by standard procedures for all extracts. The results

indicated the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and phenols in the

leaves of C. odorata. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Multi Drugs Resistant

Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

and Candida albicans showed sensitivity with spectrum of inhibitory activity range of 10.00

mm to 34.00 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration was observed at 33.33 mg/mL, 3.70

mg/mL and 0.89 mg/mL respectively for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Multi

Drugs Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli,

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, on aqueous, acetone and hexane extract

respectively while the Minimum and Maximum Bactericidal/Fungicidal concentration was

observed at 11.11 mg/mL, 33.33 mg/mL and 2.60 mg/mL concentration respectively for

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Multi Drugs Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia,

Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans

for aqueous, acetone and hexane extracts respectively. The activities displayed by the extracts

can be attributed to the phytoconstituents. The results of this study justify its traditional use.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, phytochemical, Chromolaena odorata, bactericidal/fungicidal.

Research Area: Medicinal/Natural Products Chemistry



59

Biosorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using micro-wave

induced chemical modified Tithonia Diversyfolia (sunflower) xylem

Ojo, Oyeniyi Sunday1,2*

, Alade, Abass Olarenwaju1,2,3

, Salam, Kazeem Kolapo1,2

, and

Jameel, Ahmad Tariq4


Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of

Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Nigeria

4Biotechnonlogy Engineering Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia

*corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Methylene blue dye is an important contaminant in surface and groundwater and its removal

from contaminated water and wastewater has received interest in recent years. Effective

adsorbent was produced from Sunflower (tithonia diversyfolia) for the removal of Methylene

Blue from aqueous solution in this study. Dried and grounded sunflower (Tithonia

diversyfolia) xylem was chemically modified using Acetic Acid. The activation optimized

using D-optimal Design under Central Composite Design (CCD) of the Design Expert (7.0.1)

software. The factors considered were impregnation ratio (0.5-1.0 w/v), Micro-wave time

(15-25 min), Acid Concentration (3-5 moldm-3

) and micro-wave frequency (300- 450 Hz).

The design generated 25 experimental runs at random and was conducted in triplicate, while

the selected response was for methylene blue adsorption. The best suited result is Run 19,

with the impregnation ratio (IMR) 0.75, concentration 5 moldm-3

, microwave frequency 375

Hz, microwave time 20 min with biosorption capacity of 0.88 mg/l and the removal

efficiency is 88%, while the least was run 22, with the impregnation ratio (IMR) 0.5,

concentration 3 moldm-3

, microwave frequency 300 Hz, microwave time 25 min with

biosorption capacity of 0.815 mg/l, and the removal efficiency is 81.5%. This study has

shown that biosorbent developed from thitonia diversyfolia xylem is an effective and

promise adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution.

Keywords: Adsorption, Central Composite Design, Methylene Blue, Optimization, tithonia

diversyfolia




60

Spectrophotometric determination of the stoichiometry, stability constants

and Gibbs free energy of the complexes of N, N’-bis (Indole-3-ylmethylene)

hydrazine with some selected metal(II) ions

Morenike I. Dada1, Muslim Abdullateef

1, Adedayo J. Apara

1, Samuel B. Akanji

1,

Ayotunde D. Ajakaye1 Oluwafunmilayo F. Adekunle

1* and Olusegun A. Odunola

2


P.M.B.4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, Hallmark University, Ijebu-Itele, Ogun State, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

The determination of stoichiometry and thermodynamic parameters of complexes using

spectrophotometric and potentiometric data has been a challenge even though this method

proposes new route for the selective and sensitized determination of trace amounts of ions.

The method which is based on the formation of coloured complexes have been successfully

applied to the analysis of commercial ampoules etc. Complexation of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II),

Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with N,N’-bis(Indole-3-ylmethylene)hydrazine in

dimethylformamide (DMF) was studied spectrophotometrically using Job’s method of continuous variation and mole-ratio method at room temperature (28

oC). The absorption

maximum of 218 nm, 296 nm, 678 nm, 299 nm, 409 nm and 640 nm respectively was

observed for the Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The

stoichiometry, stability constants and Gibbs free energy of the complexes were determined.

The stoichiometry of the complexes were determined to be 1: 1 mole ratio from the two

methods employed. The stability constants of the complexes were calculated to be 7.22 x 104

– 6.45 x 105 by continuous variation method and 7.30 x 10

3 – 7.03 x 10

7 by the mole-ratio

method. The sufficiently large negative values of the calculated ∆G of the complexes from -28.00 – - γγ.48 KJ/mol by Job’s method and -22.26 – -45.21KJ/mol by the mole-ratio method

confirm the spontaneous formation of the title complexes. Therefore, the overall result of the

stability constant comply with the Irving-William series of stability constants of metal

complexes and also the ∆G established the spontaneity in the formation of the complexes.

Keyword: spectrophotometric, Gibbs free energy, spontaneous, mole-ratio, hydrazine

Research Area: Inorganic Chemistry/ Coordination Chemistry



61

Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using phosphoric acid

modified kaolinite clay

Ibrahim, Saheed Aremu*1,2


; and Salawudeen, Taofeek

Olalekan1,2

and Amuda, Omotayo Sarafadeen4

1Department of Chemical Engineering, LadokeAkintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria 2

Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, LadokeAkintola

University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria 3


Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria 4Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Increased industrial and agricultural activities have resulted in the generation of various types

of toxic pollutants, which are the main cause of water pollution on a global scale. Among

various adsorbent that have been explored for the removal of diverse types of pollutants from

water and wastewater, kaolinite clay has received wide attention as an effective adsorbent for

water pollution control, showing significant adsorption potential for the removal of various

aquatic pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the adsorption capacity of phosphoric acid

modified kaolinite clay on methylene blue removal from aqueous solution. The removal of

methylene blue by adsorption process using phosphoric acid modified kaolinite clay was

investigated at various experimental conditions under Response Surface Methodology. The

optimum operation condition was estimated to enhance the adsorption of methylene blue

from aqueous solution. To determine the optimum operation conditions, various factors such

as agitation speed (170-250 rpm), contact time (1-5hr) and initial concentration (1-5M) for

the modification of kaolinite clay through DOE (Design of experiment 6.0.8) software under

response surface methodology based on Central Composite Design was applied for

optimization. The optimum operation conditions for adsorption of the methylene blue was

investigated to be 250 rpm for agitation, rate for 5hours and initial concentration of 5M and

the maximum adsorption capacity was 0.911 mg/g and the maximum percentage removal was

91.207 %. Based on the optimum factors, it was confirmed that the modified kaolinite clay is

a suitable adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution.

Keywords: Adsorption, central composite design, kaolinite clay, methylene blue and

optimization





62

Biosorption studies of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater using

chicken feather biocomposite

Adeyi, V.A.1,2

, Agarry S.E.1, Jimoh, M.O.

1, Salawudeen, T.O.

1,2, Alade, A.O.

1,2,3


Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology

Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental, Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola

University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Correspondence: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Removal efficiency of methylene blue was investigated in this study using chicken feather as

an adsorbent. Chicken feather was used as a biocomposite by combining different types of

feathers from broilers, cockerel and layers respectively. The percentage composition of the

feathertypes were optimized using the Mixture Methodology of the Design Expert

(6.0.8)software. The experimental runs generated for bio sorption of methylene blue with the

Chicken Feather Biocomposite developed were conducted in triplicates. The highest removal

efficiency (94.54%) was obtained from the mix of feathers in the ratio of 5:5:90 while the

lowest removal efficiency (92.42%) was gotten from the mix of feathers in thepercentage

ratio of 19.17:61.67:19.17 for broilers, cockerel and layers respectively. The coefficient of

determination (R2) of the linear model gotten from the data was 0.7705, Adjusted R

2

was0.7195 while the Predicted R2 gave 0.5214.The results gotten from the study showed that

mixtures of feathers in small quantities are effective in the removal of methylene blue.

Keywords: Biosorption, chicken feather, methylene blue, removal efficiency

Area of Research: Chemical Engineering



63

Physico-chemical Assessment of some bottled and sachet water in

Ogbomoso Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria

Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUMI, Opeyemi Ojo FATUNBI*, Adesewa Kemi

ADELAKUN, Suliat Omolola RUFAI, Olusegun Joshua ADEYEMI




ABSTRACT

Physico-chemical analyses of five (5) different brands of bottled water and five (5) different

brands of sachet water packaged within Ogbomoso metropolis were evaluated. The

organoleptic parameters such as colour, odour, taste and the turbidity were analyzed by

physical observation. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Temperature, Total

Suspended solids (TSS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total solids (TS) and Hardness were

analyzed using standard analytical methods. The water samples were found to be colorless,

odourless, tasteless and also not turbid. The temperature ranged from 27oC - 31

oC and also

the pH ranged from 6.4 - 6.7. The hardness also ranged from 5.34-14.02 ppm. TS, TDS and

TSS ranged from 0-300 mg/L. The results of TS, TDS, TSS and Hardness for all the water

samples were below the WHO/SON permissible limits. Two of the brands had a pH (6.4)

below the WHO/SON (6.5) permissible limits. However, close monitoring of the physico-

chemical parameters of sampled bottled and sachet water packaged within Ogbomoso

metropolis is recommended with a view to minimizing the risks to the health of the

population that consumes the water.

Keywords: Bottled water, Sachet water, Physico-chemical, Organoleptic, Ogbomoso

Field of Research: Analytical Chemistry-Water Analysis



64

Achieving industrialization goals through effective chemical process

development

Victor E. Okon1, Emmanuel J. Etim

2*

1Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo. P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria

2Petroleum Training Institute of Nigeria affiliated with City and Guilds of London

International, College of Petroleum Technology, Uyo, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Most processes in chemical industry are primarily based on the knowledge from the fields of

science, technology and engineering. Good management practices must be employed for

sustainability of the chemical industry. For effectiveness to be attained there must be a proper

correlation in process reactions and materials balancing. This paper present review of

optimization of methods for efficient processing of naphtha and related petrochemical

products for sustainable development of the industry. Suggestions for improvements are also

highlighted.

Keywords: Chemical process development, industries, cracking

Research Area: Industrial/Petroleum Chemistry




65

Kinetic modelling and adsorption properties of Moringa oleifera leaf used

for removing Rhodamine B dye

Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Leonard Titilope AZU* Olatubosun Kazeem IBRAHIM




ABSTRACT

Readily available Moringa oleifera leaf was treated with ortho phosphoric acid, H3PO4 to

prepare adsorbent (MOLAC) for the removal of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous

solution. The prepared adsorbent was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy

(SEM), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), pHpzc and

Boehm Titration techniques respectively. Adsorption of Rh-B dye onto MOLAC was studied

in batch process, it was found to be highly dependent on different operational parameters

such as contact time, initial dye concentration and solution temperature. Adsorption data were

analysed using four different isotherm equations: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and

Dubinin-Radushkevich, it was found to fit Langmuir isotherm equation most with maximum

monolayer coverage of 500 mg/g. Adsorption rate constants were determined using pseudo-

first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption

of Rh-B dye onto MOLAC followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic

parameters were determined; it was found that the adsorption of Rh- B dye onto MOLAC

was spontaneous and exothermic. The study revealed that MOLAC is a good precursor for

the preparation of adsorbent for the removal of Rh-B dye from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera leaf, Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye, kinetics, thermodynamics

Field of Research: Physical Chemistry, (Adsorption Technology)




66

Optimization of Rhodamine-B biosorption from waste-water unto Tithomia

diversyfolia xylem using central composite design

Okunade Inioluwa Deborah1,2*

, Afolabi Tinuade Jolade2,3

, Alade Abass Olanrewaju2,3

,

Osuolale Funmilayo Nihinlola3, Olatunji Yinka Emmanuel

2,3

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola

University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,

Ogbomoso, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

The focus of this study is to optimize the influence of time, concentration and dosage on the

adsorption capacity of biosorbent developed from sunflower (tithomia diversyfolia) xylem for

the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution. The sunflower plant is a weed that has

not been well harnessed and so it constitutes nuisance. Central Composite design under

Response Surface Method was used to optimize the selected factors (10-30mg/L Rhodamine-

B solution, 0.25-0.75g biosorbent and 15-24 hours).Measured amounts of the biosorbent were

mixed with 100ml containing different concentration of Rhodamine-B and were allowed to

mix for selected contact time. The unadsorbed concentrations were then quantified using UV-

Visible spectrophotometry and the adsorption capacity was calculated. The maximum

adsorption capacity (82.5mg/g) was obtained at Initial concentration 30mg/L, Time 19.5

hours and adsorbent dose 0.25g while the minimum adsorption capacity (12.5mg/g)was

obtained at Initial concentration 20mg/L, Time 19.5 hours and adsorbent dose 0.25g. The

correlation coefficient (R²) of the model developed is 0.9562 and it is in a reasonable

agreement with the adjusted R² of 0.9000.This study shows that the biosorbent developed

from the sunflower xylem is an effective adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine-B and the

central composite design was a good choice for the experimental design.

Keywords: Biosorption, optimization, Rhodamine-B, sunflower xylem, water treatment




67

Phytochemical constituents and fatty acid profile of ethyl acetate and

hexane extracts of Luffa cylindrica seed

Ezekiel G. ADEYENI, Ezekiel T. AYODELE and Taofik A. ADEDOSU*


Ogbomoso, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Luffa cylindrica locally known as ‘Kankan Ayaba’ in Southwestern part of Nigeria is one of the important medicinal plants of the family of Cucurbitaceae, used for the treatment of

various diseases e.g. cancer, ulcer, diarrhea etc. The present study deals with the analysis of

phytochemical constituents and fatty acid profile of Luffa cylindrica seed in order to evaluate

its desirability for drug formulation and industrial raw materials. The phytochemical

constituents both in hexane and ethylacetate extracts were determined using standard method

and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) profile were studied by GC-FID. Alkaloids (1.030

mg/g ), flavonoids (0.9533 mg/g ), phenolics (0.4133 mg/g ), tannins

(0.160 mg/g ) and saponins (0.233g mg/g ) and anthraquinones were present in

both extracts while reducing sugar and phlobatanins were absent. The UV absorptions

between 200nm - 300 nm and IR peaks observed at 3806.40 cm-1

, 3487.20 cm-1

, 3341.60 cm-

1, 3018.40 cm

-1, 1748.80 cm

-1,1664.80 cm

-1, 1460.00 cm

-1, 1374.40 cm

-1 supported the

presence of these phytoconstituents and FAMEs. Nine (9) fatty acids methyl esters were

identified in the extracts namely, caproic acid methyl esters, caprylic acid methyl esters,

lauric acid methyl esters, palmitic acid methyl esters, linolelaidic acid methyl esters, linoleic

acid methyl esters, stearic acid methyl esters, arachidic acid methyl esters and heneicosanoic

acid methyl esters. These results showed that Luffa cylindrica seed have potential for both

antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Also, FAMES profile showed that the oil could be a

feedstock in the production of biodiesel and industrial chemicals.

Keywords: Phytochemical constituents, GC-FID, FAMEs, Biodiesel


mailto:[email protected]:



68

Urea and thiourea metal complexes: solvent free synthesis and its

antimicrobial activity

Lawal, Amudat1, Nnabuike, G. Ginikachukwu

1, Obaleye J. Ayoola

1, Lawal, Misitura

2

1Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria

2Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of science & Technology,

Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Correspondence: Lawal Amudat; N. G. Ginikachukwu ([email protected])

ABSTRACT

Solvent-based synthesis as well as Liquid Assisted Grinding (LAG) synthesis of urea and

thiourea complexes is described for comparison purpose. The resulting complexes of both

method of synthesis were characterized using melting points, conductivity values,

spectroscopic data (IR, UV-Visible) and antibacterial activity study. Spectral data of the

complexes synthesized by LAG method was found to be similar to those synthesized by

conventional synthesis. All the ligands were found to be monodentate and all the complexes

exhibited tetrahedral and square-planar geometry.The LAG method was carried out by

introducing a few drops of solvent. The method is faster with a better yield compared to

solvent-based method. The antimicrobial study of the ligands and the complexes was carried

out against Gram-positive (Staphylococus aureus and Bacilius subtilis) and Gram-negative

bacteria (Eschericia. coli). The antibacterial activity study of the complexes showed that they

possessed higher inhibitory activity than their parent ligands at concentration of 200 µgml-1

.

Keywords: Urea, thiourea, transition metals, antibacterail activity, spectroscopic studies

Research Area: Inorganic Chemistry



69

Evaluation of petroleum source-rock potential of Fika Formation Tuma-1

Well Chad Basin Nigeria

Badmus, S.O. 1

, Tiamiyu, A. A. 1

, Olasunkanmi, A.O. 1

, Ogungbesan, G.O.2

and

Adedosu, T.A.1,*


Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,

Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Recent studies have shown that Fika formation shale has required amount of organic matter

which qualifies her to be a good candidate of hydrocarbon generation in Nigerian inland

basins e.g. Benue trough and Chad (Bornu) basin. The present study is therefore aimed at

determining the kerogen type and thermal maturity of Fika shale (Tuma-1 well) using

biomarker composition of soluble organic matter (SOM) contained in the samples. The

biomarker distribution in the samples was studied by Gas chromatography- Mass

spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The n-alkane ranged from nC12- nC32 in most samples

maximizing at nC20 which suggested that the organic matter are mainly derived from algae.

The Pr/Ph (0.40-1.12) ratio showed that the organic matter was deposited under anoxic

condition, however, Pr/Ph ratio (slightly >1) at depth of 1100 m to 1280 m probably indicated

suboxic. The plot of Ph/nC18 vs Pr/nC17 indicated the organic matter was derived from Type

II/III and Type III kerogen capable of generating oil and gas. The plots of C3122R

homohopane/ C30 hopane vs Pr/Ph ratio and ternary plot of sterane (C27-C29) showed that the

organic matter was deposited in lacustrine to marine environment. Various maturity

parameters computed from biomarker distribution showed that the samples were low mature

to early oil window. Fika shale has ability to generate hydrocarbon with oil kitchen at the

bottom of the formation (2285 m to 2566 m) and can therefore serve as petroleum source-

rock in the Chad (Bornu) basin, Nigeria.

Keywords: Tuma, GC-MS, Kerogen, Hydrocarbon

Research Area: Organic Chemistry/Petroleum Chemistry

mailto:[email protected];



70

Purification of used vegetable oil using maize cob

Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUNMI, Sandra Osemudiamen OHENHENLEN, Olubunmi

ADERIBEGBE, Maryam SONAIKE




ABSTRACT

Vegetable oils are mostly discarded as a result of colour change and attendant health problem

associated with continued usage. This study is aimed at using maize cob as adsorbent to

purify used vegetable oil. Maize cobs were crushed into powder and screened to produce fine

particles. The used vegetable oil was heated at high temperature, powdered maize cob was

added to the used vegetable oil and heated at a temperature of 60oC in ratio 1 to 5. The

solution was left for 24 hours and filtered using a suction apparatus at 15 mmHg.

Physicochemical analyses were carried out on the fresh oil, used vegetable oil and adsorbent

treated oils. The following parameters were determined: saponification value, acid value, free

fatty acid, iodine value, peroxide value, refractive index, colour, specific gravity and

determination of heavy metals. The study showed that the physicochemical properties of the

purified oil was in close agreement to the physicochemical properties of the fresh oil and a

significant difference was observed between purified and used oil. This study proved that

maize cob could be used as an effective adsorbent for the purification of used vegetable oil.

Keywords: maize cob, physicochemical properties, used vegetable oil, purification

Field of Research: Analytical Chemistry (Food Analysis)




71

Analyses of the leaf oil of Euginea malaccensis and Syzygium samaragense

grown in Nigeria

Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore*, Fatima O. Adeniji and Zinat A. Adewole


Ogbomoso, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

The analyses of the volatile constituents of the leaf oils of Euginea malaccensis and Syzygium

samaragense grown in Nigeria were investigated for their chemical constituents. Pulverized

leaves (500 g) were hydrodistilled using an all Clevenger-type apparatus. The leaf oils were

analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. The leaf oils were

predominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, 56.81% for E. malaccensis and 73.36% for S.

samaragense. The leaf oil of E. malaccensis contained IR-α-pinene (15.14%), -pinene

(9.37%), -terpinene (6.47%), caryophyllene (6.09%), (-)-limonene (5.98%), o-cymene

(5.75%) and L-terpinen-4-ol (5.02%) as major components. The leaf oil of S. samaragense

consisted of L- -pinene (12.42%), E- -ocimene (8.64%), -terpinene (8.64%), IR-α-pinene

(7.00%), L-limonene (6.94%), p-cymene (6.78%) and caryophyllene (5.00%). The chemical

constituents of both oils revealed high contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons.

Keywords: Euginea malaccensis, Syzygium samaragense, -terpinene, essential oil

Research Area: Organic Chemistry/Natural Products Chemistry




72

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of mixed metal

complexes of isoniazid and thiamine HCl

Misitura Lawal *1, Joshua A. Obaleye

2, Ginika G. Nnabuike

2, Mercy O. Bamigboye

3

and Abigeal O. Arowosaiye2

1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and

Technology, P.M.B 1144 Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

3Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

Four series of novel mixed ligand complexes of isoniazid and thiamine hydrochloride were

prepared using Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Mn (II) ions. The complexes were elucidated by

conductance measurement, melting point, infrared measurement, elemental analysis, TLC

and UV-visible spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the metal complexes and the

ligands were investigated against some clinical isolates of Eschericha Coli, Klebsiella

pneumoniae, Pseudomonas Aureginosa and Stapylococcus aureus. Based on the analytical

and spectral data, the complexes were formulated as [Isoniazid – M – Thiamine (H2O)n]+Cl

-

where n=2 for Co (II), Ni (II), Cu(II) and Mn(II). The result of the spectroscopic studies

revealed that isoniazid act as bidentate ligand coordinating through the ON and thiamine HCl

acting as a monovalent monodentate coordinating via the OS fashion. The results of the

antimicrobial studies showed that the metal complexes displayed higher inhibitory activity

than the original isoniazid and thiamine hydrochloride against the tested bacteria species.

Keywords: Isoniazid, Thiamine, metal-complexes, synthesis, antimicrobial activity

Area of Research: Inorganic Chemistry




73

Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics modeling of adsorption of

rhodamine B onto bentonite supported zerovalent iron nanocomposite (B-

nZVI)

Adewumi O. DADA1, Adesewa D. ILESANMI

1*, Folahan A. ADEKOLA

2, Olugbenga S.

BELLO3, Adejumoke A. INYINBOR

1, Oluwasesan M. BELLO

4

1Industrial Chemistry Programme, Department of Physical Sciences (Science and Technology

Research Cluster), Landmark University, P.M.B.1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria 2Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria

3Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ladoke

Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4Department of Applied Chemistry, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, Nigeria

*Correspondence: [email protected] & [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Bentonite Supported Zerovalent Iron Nanocomposite (B-nZVI) was successfully prepared in

single pot system by bottom-up approach. B-nZVI was characterized by Scanning Electron

microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX),

and Surface Area by Saer’s method. Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics modelling of Rhodamine onto Bentonite Supported Zerovalent Iron Nanocomposite (B-nZVI) was

investigated in a batch process. The study revealed adsorption depends on various operational

properties (effect of pH, initial concentration, contact time and temperature).

Advantageously, 454.81 mg/g quantity of Rhodamine B was adsorbed at optimum conditions

of pH γ, 500 mg/L initial concentration, 1β0 minutes’ optimum contact time at room temperature. Kinetic data were subjected to kinetics and mechanism models (Pseudo second,

Pseudo first, Elovich, Intraparticle diffusion and Liquid film diffusion). Kinetic data fitted

best to pseudo second order and the mechanism was boundary layer and diffusion governed.

The kinetic models were further validated by statistical error models (SSE and X2).

Equilibrium data were analyzed by four isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and

DKR) and were best described by Freundlich model considering coefficient of regression

(R2> 0.90). The thermodynamic parameters vis-à-vis standard enthalpy change (ΔH),

standard entropy change (ΔS) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) revealed that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The performance of B-nZVI

suggested it to have a great potential for effective removal of Rhodamine B and therefore

recommended for industrial application.

Keywords: Nano-Chemistry, adsorption; rhodamine B; B-nZVI; kinetics; thermodynamics

Field of Research: Physical Chemistry/Nanotechnology/Material Chemistry - Adsorption

Technology





74

Assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in

Kidney Island and Oginigba River water bodies, Rivers State –Nigeria

Joseph Edose Uwadiale*, Samuel E. Kakulu,

Mary Saleh Dauda

Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to ascertain the level of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

(PAHs) pollution in river water body of Kidney Island and Oginigba Rivers State Nigeria,

with emphasis on the 16 USEPA – prioritized Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).

PAHs are fused conjugated aromatic rings and do not contain heteroatom (substituents).

PAHs are usually formed as a result of incomplete combustion of fossil hydrocarbon fuels.

PAHs pollution are mostly anthropogenic and occur from point sources emissions such as

those from exhausts, stationary generator set and leaking pipes or tanks. Non-point source of

PAHs pollution can result from atmospheric deposition from mobile vehicles such as

automobile, airplane, train e.t.c. PAHs toxicity occur as a result of biotransformation to toxic

metabolites which can bond covalently to cellular macromolecules such as protein, DNA,

RNA resulting cells damage, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. PAHs in the recipient water

bodies were analyzed using Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) 5890 series

equipped with Flame Ionization Detector and by adoption of ASTM Method D 3328-78

(1982). Liquid-Liquid extraction was carried out using 1:1 ratio of acetone and methylene

chloride, while ortho-terphenyl (OTP) was used to spike the samples; after which the samples

were fractionated into the aliphatic fraction using dichloromethane. Result of the analysis

showed that Kidney Island Downstream river water had the highest level of PAHs pollution

(0.21 mg/L). Kidney Island Upstream had PAHs level of 0.17 mg/L, while Kidney Island

Effluent had PAHs level of 0.11 mg/L, Oginigba River water downstream and Oginigba

River water upstream had PAHs levels of 0.04 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively.

Keywords: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Pollution, Point Source, Kidney Island,

Oginigba




75

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of the stem

and leaves of Moringa oleifera

Nureni O. Olawore1*, Sunday Z. Ololade

2, Zacchaeus O. Olatunde

1 and Johnson O.

Oyelese1


Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Chemical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria


ABSTRACT

This research was aimed at investigating the chemical composition and biological activities

of the stem and leaf essential oils of Moringa oleifera. The essential oils were extracted by

hydrodistillation using an all glass Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by Gas

Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectometry (GC-MS). The free radical scavenging

activities of both oils were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method.

Antibacterial activities of the stem and leaf essential oils of M. oleifera were carried out using

Agar well diffusion method. Analysis of the stem oil revealed presence of twelve (12)

compounds totaling 99.40% while sixteen (16) components were detected in the leaf oil

totaling 98.50%. The main components common to both the stem oil and the leaf oil were 2-

pentanethiol (44.3 and 30.9 %), oleic acid (22.6 and 17.6 %) and allyl pentanoate (12.3 and

9.1 %) respectively. The stem oil and the leaf oil of M. oleifera showed significant DPPH

radical scavenging activities with IC50 of 5.0µg/ml and 4.0µg/ml respectively. The leaf oil

exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, while the essential oil of the stem, was only active

against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The

results from this study support the folkloric use of this plant as antioxidant and antimicrobial

agent.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, essential oil, hydrodistillation, biological activities





76

Assessment of the levels of pesticide residues and heavy metals present in

topsoil samples from Wazobia market, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Ojeyemi Matthew OLABEMIWO, Samuel Oluwakayode AJAYI, Babawale Emmanuel

ABIOLA*




ABSTRACT

Soil possesses many active sites capable of retaining pesticides and other residues like heavy

metals. This study assessed the levels of pesticide residues and the impact of vehicular

emission on heavy metals concentration in Wazobia market topsoil. The soil samples were

collected at five different spots during the dry (February and March) and rainy (June and

July) seasons in year 2015 while the control was taken behind Faculty of Sciences building in

LAUTECH, Ogbomoso. The samples were extracted in a sohxlet extractor using a mixture of

acetone and n-hexane (3:2). The extracts were then subjected to GC-ECD to determine

pesticides concentration. Soil Samples were digested with HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4 mixture and

digests were analysed for heavy metals using AAS. The pesticides detected in Wazobia

market are seventeen but only alpha-BHC, beta-BHC, gamma-BHC, methoxychlor and

endosulfan sulfate were found to be above the maximum permissible limits during the

sampling period. The levels of the pesticides were higher during the dry season than in the

rainy season except dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide which were a little bit higher during the

rainy season. The trend of metals based on average concentration during the month of

February, March, June, July were Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Co, Zn > P b> Cu > Ni > Cd >

Co, Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd > Co and Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd > Co respectively. The

degree of contamination based on contamination factor showed that the soil can be classified

as considerably contaminated and the pollution load index obtained indicated that the soils

were polluted. This study therefore ascertained that Wazobia market topsoil was polluted

with heavy metals and pesticides.

Keywords: Pesticides, heavy metals, Wazobia, GC-ECD and AAS

Field of Research: Industrial/Environmental Chemistry




77

A review of supra-molecular structure of Mn (II) complexes with O/N

donor ligands of triazine and 6,6′-dicarboxylicacid-2,2′-bipyridine:

adsorptive, non-linear optical and magnetic properties

Ibrahim A. Omotayo1*

, Odunola O. Ayobami1, Onawumi O. O. Esther

1, Okon-Akan,

O. Abiodun1, Youfu Zhou

2, Feilong Jiang

2, Maochun Hong

2


P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Fuzhou 350002, China


ABSTRACT

The supramolecular chemistry has progressively increased with the synthesis and

characterization of numerous unique supramolecules. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), self-

assembled from metal ions or metal clusters with O/N donor organic ligands such as 3-(2-

pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,4′-disulfonate(H2pdtd) and 6,6′-dicarboxylicacid-β,β′-

bipyridine(Hdcbp), are well known for their intriguing structure, permanent porosity, and tunable

properties and have shown great prospect for various applications such as unusual sensing,

magnetic, non-linear optical (NLO), catalytic and gas sorption properties. The present review

highlight recent significant examples of metal clusters and provide a review on the structure of

metal cluster-based MOFs and their applications such as CO2 adsorption, non-linear optics,

magnetic, catalysis and sensing metal ions. This review focuses on self-assembly of two MOFs

([ Mn2(pdtd)2(H2O)4] · 7H2O)n (1) and ([Mn(dcbp)(H2O)3] · 2.5H2O)n (2) with an acentric

three dimensional (3D) structures, crystallizing in the Pc and Fdd2 space groups respectively.

1 and 2 exhibited nonlinear optical (NLO) activities due to an acentric structures, they

displayed second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency that is approximately 1.2 times and 1

time that of KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) respectively. MOF 1 displayed

significant carbon dioxide sorption due to a large and rare noninterpenetrating (10, 3)-d

framework with permanent nanoscale helical cavities for enhancing the CO2 adsorption. 1

and 2 exhibited magnetic coupling and showed remarkable thermal stability. This report will

assist to design and synthesize similar MOFs having properties such as magnetic, non-linear

optical (NLO) and adsorptive properties that can be explored in the cleaning of heavy metals-

polluted environment.

Keywords: Manganese, nonlinear optics, magnetic coupling, carbon dioxide adsorption

(1) (2)

Supra-molecular structures of (1) and (2)

Research Area: Inorganic/Analytical Chemistry




78

Assessment of Cu (II) complexes of anti-bacterial drug of citric-

amodiaquine acid: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and its

applications

Amudat A. Lawal*, Seyi Olowude*, Joshua A. Obaleye, Abiodun A. Ajibola and Aliyu

A. Abdulbasit

Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

*Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Reaction of citric acid and Amodiaquine has been synthesized using Cu(II) chloride

hexahydrate. The complex were characterized by elemental analysis (CHNS/O), melting

point, conductivity test, magnetic susceptibility measurement, Uv-visible and Fourier

transform infrared spectroscopy. Analytical and spectroscopic techniques of the metal

complex revealed the carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl group (OH) present in citric acid ligand

has been involved in complexation i.e., citric acid ligand behaves has polydentate and

amodiaquine behaves has bidentate ligand coordinating through the nitrogen atom of primary

amine and oxygen atom of hydroxyl group. Percentage composition and magnetic Bohr

moment data indicated that metal complex were magnetically dilute and proposed octahedral.

The complex is soluble in DMF and DMSO. Molar conductance values indicate that the

complex is non-electrolytes in nature. The in-vitro antimicrobial studies of the metal

complex, CIT and AMO against g(+)Pseudomonas aeruginosa, g(+)E. coli, g(+)Klebsiella

pneumonia, g(+)Staphylococcus aureus and g(+)Candida using Muller Hinton diffusion

method. The result showed that CIT and AMO showed mild value ranging from (0.6-0.8)

while the Cu complex shows an appreciable inhibitory zone in the range of 1.0-1.3 and 0.7-

0.9 at 200 ppm which is higher than the control drugs. Overall, the present results point out

that copper coordination may represent an effective strategy to improve the pharmacological

properties of citric-amodiaquine drugs reducing their undesired side effects.

Keywords: Citric acid, amodiaquine, Cu(II), antimicrobial activities, FT-IR, Uv-visible and

CHNS/O-elemental analysis

Field of Research: Inorganic Chemistry





79

Determination of phosphate in soil using UV/Visible spectrophotometer:

Molybdenum blue method

Funmilayo Enitan ADELOWO, Abdulazeez Oyeniyi SABEREDOWO*




ABSTRACT

Phosphate as one of the irreplaceable soil macronutrients which enriches soil and aids proper

germination of crops was analyzed in soil samples from two study areas in Ogbomoso

metropolis. Low yield of farm produce due to inadequate phosphate in soil and risk of water

pollution due to run-off from farmland which phosphate fertilizer has been over applied. This

method uses: Small volume of soil extract, filtration, reduction reaction, and

ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry. The soil samples were dried using an oven, sieved with

a mesh and digested in a beaker using standard method. The samples were shaken and

filtered. The filtrates were reduced using hydrazine sulphate and diammonium molybdate

(IV) oxide. Absorbance of the reduced filtrate was measured at 725nm of the UV/Visible

spectrophotometer. The concentration of phosphate in Wazo market soil samples ranged from

2.500 - 4.700 ppm while the concentration of LAUTECH research farm ranged from 0.250 –

0.650ppm.The concentration of phosphate in both Wazo market site and LAUTECH research

farm is below the International Standard for phosphate in soil (> 7 ppm). Hence, there is a

need to apply phosphate fertilizer to both Wazo market site and LAUTECH research farm in

the case of crop cultivation.

Keywords: Phosphate, UV/Visible Spectrophotometer, Soil extract, Molybdenum blue, Oven

Field of Research: Analytical Chemistry-Soil Analysis




80

Efficacy of Occium Gratissimum (OG) in adsorption of indigo carmine dye:

kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics modelling

Adewumi O. DADA1, Oghenerukevwe G. UMUKORO

1*, Dayo F. OLATONA

2

1Industrial Chemistry Programme, Department of Physical Sciences (Science and Technology

Research Cluster), Landmark University, P.M.B.1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria 2 Department of Chemical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria

*Correspondence: [email protected] & [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The release of dye solution as a result of industrialization arising from globalization remains

a worldwide problem. In the quest for sustainable environment and clean water resources,

waste remediation via the use of low cost agro-based biosorbent becomes imperative. As a

result, the biosorption of indigo carmine dyes onto Occium Gratissimum (OG) was

investigated by batch adsorption vis-à-vis optimization of operational parameters, kinetics

and thermodynamics studies. The biosorbent, OG, was characterized by Scanning Electron

microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX),

and Surface Area by Saer’s method. Effect of pH, initial concentration, temperature, and

contact time operational parameters were investigated in a batch adsorption process. Kinetics

data were tested using Pseudo first-order, Pseudo second-order, Elovich, and Intraparticle and

Liquid film diffusion models. The kinetic data fitted best to Pseudo second-order and the

mechanism was boundary layer and pore diffusion controlled. Equilibrium data were

analyzed by four Isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin –Radushkevich). Equilibrium data were best described by Freundlich isotherm model based on

the correlation coefficient (R2 >0.9). Thermodynamics parameter showed that the adsorption

was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. This study revealed that Occium

Gratissimum (OG) is a promising and potential efficient environmentally benign biosorbents

for Indigo Carmine.

Keywords: Biosorption; Occium Gratissimum; indigo carmine; kinetics; thermodynamics

Field of Research: Physical Chemistry- Adsorption Technology

