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The internship of Final Professional Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.), students was at early phase in “District Veterinary Hospital” and in final phase at “Red sindhi cattle and breeding farm Tando Muhammad Khan”. In all institutions the Veterinary practice with animal health and Breeding practices on scientific/ advance technique were completed. Such experiences as internee certificates were honoured by the Professional head of the concern institution infavour of the internees. The detail report was prepared and after thorough checking and correction, it was submitted for favoring consideration and delivering of seminar and viva vice to complete the requirement of internship in due time. At Red Sindhi cattle & breeding farm different managemental procedures were practiced. Such as management of feeding, management of housing and management of animal health by monitor all managemental things which were under farm schedule. The total farm animals are 383 and the average milk per Cow 4.14 Liters/day. The second phases of internship in district veterinary hospital total 251animals were brought for clinical checkup. Among that 52 animal were infected by parasitic problems, 18 animals suffer in wound, 16 animals were treated for dystocia, 82 cases of pneumonia, 48 cases of metabolic disorders and 35 cases of other disease. In February and March 22 animal were castrated, 49 animals were drenched. 550 animals were vaccinated for ETV, 320 animals for CPP and 26 animals were vaccinated for rabies.
Citation preview
STUDY ON THE ANIMAL HEALTH AND BREEDING AT TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN
FINAL PROFESSIONAL D.V.M. INTERNSHIP REPORT
SUBMITTED
BY
ABDUL HUSSAIN MEMON 2K5-AV-16
ALTAF ALI BHATTI 2K5-AV-38
KHUDA DINO DARS 2K5-AV-91
KASHIF ALI KAZI 2K5-AV-92
KALEEMULLAH TALPUR 2K5-AV-93
KHUDA BUX KHUSHIK 2K5-AV-96
SADAM HUSSAIN TALPUR 2K5-AV-188
To
FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM
2011
STUDY ON THE ANIMAL HEALTH AND BREEDING AT TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN
FINAL PROFESSIONAL D.V.M. INTERNSHIP REPORT
SUBMITTED BY
ABDUL HUSSAIN MEMON 2K5-AV-16
ALTAF ALI BHATTI 2K5-AV-38
KHUDA DINO DARS 2K5-AV-91
KASHIF ALI KAZI 2K5-AV-92
KALEEMULLAH TALPUR 2K5-AV-93
KHUDA BUX KHUSHIK 2K5-AV-96
SADAM HUSSAIN TALPUR 2K5-AV-188
To
FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM
2011
DEDICATION
This humble piece of work is dedicated
To
Our
Beloved and respected
Teacher
Dr. Abdul Qayoom Memon (late)
And
Our
Parents and teachers
Whose affections inspired
To love mankind
Who did their best to uplift us up to the
Heights of an ideal life
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISORY
COMMITTEE i
INTERNSHIP REPORT ii
INTERNSHIP REPORT CERTIFICATE iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES v
ABSTRACT vi
I INTRODUCTION 1
II CATTLE BREEDING STATUS IN TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN 9
INTRODUCTION 9
MATERIALS AND METHODS 11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 14
III ANIMAL HEALTH 16
MATERIALS AND METHODS 17
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 20
IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 22
REFERENCES 24
i
STUDY ON THE ANIMAL HEALTH AND BREEDING AT TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN
ABDUL HUSSAIN MEMON 2K5-AV-16 ALTAF ALI BHATTI 2K5-AV-38 KHUDA DINO DARS 2K5-AV-91 KASHIF ALI KAZI 2K5-AV-92 KALEEMULLAH TALPUR 2K5-AV-93 KHUDA BUX KHUSHIK 2K5-AV-96 SADAM HUSSAIN TALPUR 2K5-AV-188
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY THE INTERNSHIP SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE DEAN Prof. Dr. Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro
Professor SUPERVISOR Prof. Dr. Rahmatullah Rind
Professor and Chairman of Internship Committee
Member - i Mr. Mujeeb-U-Rahman Assistant Professor
Member -ii Mr. Dildar Hussain Kalhoro Lecturer
FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM
2011
ii
FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM
FINAL PROFESSIONAL D.V.M
Internship Report
An internship report submitted to Faculty of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam in partial fulfilment for the
degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) in 2011.
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Rahmatullah Rind Chairman Internship Committee
iii
FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM
INTERNSHIP REPORT CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the present data and information/work entitled “STUDY ON THE ANIMAL HEALTH AND BREEDING AT TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN ” embodied in this internship report has been carried out by the group of eight Final Prof. D.V.M students in connection with the partial fulfillment of the requirements for 10th Semester, that the work is original. Students:
ABDUL HUSSAIN MEMON 2K5-AV-16
ALTAF ALI BHATTI 2K5-AV-38
KHUDA DINO DARS 2K5-AV-91
KASHIF ALI KAZI 2K5-AV-92
KALEEMULLAH TALPUR 2K5-AV-93
KHUDA BUX KHUSHIK 2K5-AV-96
SADAM HUSSAIN TALPUR 2K5-AV-188
Dr. Rahmatullah Rind Supervisor and
Chairman Internship Committee
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors express their most humblest, true, honest, deep, genuine and
sincerest words of thanks to Almighty ALLAH who bestowed upon us the ability
potential, courage, health, strength, wisdom and all the resources through which we
succeeded in preparing this manuscript and Who is the entire source of knowledge and
wisdom endowed to mankind. The authors offer their humblest thanks from the core of
their hearts to The Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), who is a torch of
guidance and knowledge for humanity, a symbol of peace, tolerance and true leadership
forever.
We wish to express our profound gratitude and sincere appreciation to
our respectable and worthy Dean, Prof. Dr. Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro, Professor and Dean,
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University,
Tandojam and internship Supervisor Prof. Dr. Rahmatullah Rind, Professor, Department
of Veterinary Microbiology, for their healthy suggestions, constructive and positive
criticism, sympathetic treatment during internship period. The authors are very much
thankful to the honorable internship committee members, Mr. Muhammad Haroon
Baloch, Dr. Illahi Bux Kalhoro, Mr. Mujeeb-U-Rahman Memon and Mr. Dildar Hussain
Kalhoro for their help and constructive criticism for making this manuscript.
We are affectionately thankful to our dear sisters, loving brothers,
passionately thankful to our juniors for their sweet company, moral support and innocent
love. Thanks are also extended to our parents, friends and class fellows who were always
helpful to us.
AUTHORS
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Particulars Page No.
1. Veterinary service institution of Sindh. 5
2. Veterinary hospitals and dispensaries in Sindh Province 5
3. Livestock population of Sindh province (2009)
6
4.
Dairy Farm & Livestock Experimental Stations, Livestock
Breeding Farms functioning in Sindh Province
6
5. Animal population of district Tando Muhammad khan
8
6. Veterinary hospital of district Tando Muhammad Khan
8
7. Body Measurement & Average weight of Red Sindhi Cattle 10
8. Livestock strength at Red Sindhi Cattle and Breeding Farm
T.M.Khan 14
9. Milk Production compare with last five years in Red Sindhi
Cattle Farm Tando Muhammad Khan 14
10. Structure of livestock farm at Red Sindhi Cattle and
Breeding Farm T.M.Khan 15
11. Cases treated at Veterinary Hospital at Tando Muhammad
Khan 20
12. Chart for the months from January to February 2011 21
vi
ABSTRACT
The internship in various sections of the livestock and dairy development
department, poultry and diagnostic tools is a part of academic requirement for the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), the students of Final Professional DVM 10th semester went through an internship exercise comprised of six months period.
The internship of Final Professional Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
(D.V.M.), students was at early phase in “District Veterinary Hospital” and in final phase at “Red sindhi cattle and breeding farm Tando Muhammad Khan”. In all institutions the Veterinary practice with animal health and Breeding practices on scientific/ advance technique were completed.
Such experiences as internee certificates were honoured by the
Professional head of the concern institution infavour of the internees. The detail report was prepared and after thorough checking and correction, it was submitted for favoring consideration and delivering of seminar and viva vice to complete the requirement of internship in due time.
At Red Sindhi cattle & breeding farm different managemental procedures
were practiced. Such as management of feeding, management of housing and management of animal health by monitor all managemental things which were under farm schedule. The total farm animals are 383 and the average milk per Cow 4.14 Liters/day.
The second phases of internship in district veterinary hospital total
251animals were brought for clinical checkup. Among that 52 animal were infected by parasitic problems, 18 animals suffer in wound, 16 animals were treated for dystocia, 82 cases of pneumonia, 48 cases of metabolic disorders and 35 cases of other disease.
In February and March 22 animal were castrated, 49 animals were
drenched. 550 animals were vaccinated for ETV, 320 animals for CPP and 26 animals were vaccinated for rabies.
1
CHAPTER - I
INTRODUCTION
Pakistan is endowed with diverse livestock genetic resources. In fact it is
postulated that one of the centers of animal domestication lay in this part of the world.
Pakistan has a large livestock population, well adapted to the local environmental
conditions. Current population of farm animals in Pakistan consist of 29.9 million
buffaloes, 33.0 million cattle, 27.4 million sheep, 58.3 million goats and 1.0 million
camels. Pakistani buffaloes are riverine type and belong to two breeds i.e. Nili-Ravi and
Kundi. Nili-Ravi is the best dairy buffalo breed of the world. (Naqvi, A.N. and M.Afzal
2004).
Pakistan is the fifth largest country in milk production in the world. Milk
production is higher than the two major cash crop of the country i.e. wheat and cotton.
Pakistan has 25.5 million cattle, 28.4 million buffaloes, 25.5 million sheep and 61.9
million goats
Livestock have multipurpose functions i.e. it is used for traction of lands
and cartage and produces milk and meat. Animal waste is used as manure, as fuel, and a
substrate for methane production. Cattle hides and skin are used for clothing, bags, shoes
etc.
The production performance of indigenous cattle is very low in
comparison to exotic breeds. Because of the expanding population and improvement in
life style of the common man, demand for dairy products increases day by day. Land
resources in Pakistan are very limited; therefore it would be more economical to improve
the unexploited genetic potential of the dairy cattle as will as nutritional and management
practices.
The Directorate of animal husbandry undertakes to accomplish the
following assigned tasks in discharge of its responsibility towards the development of
livestock sector for the benefits of the public in general and the farming community in
2
particular, in order to raise their income and living standard. Provision of animal health
facilities and services to livestock farmers through curative and prophylactic measures;
establishment and maintenance of veterinary hospitals, dispensaries and centers in
functional order. Improvement of local breeds of cattle and buffalo through the provision
of artificial insemination service to the livestock farmers; establishment and maintenance
of artificial insemination centers and sub-centers (Anonymous, 2001).
There are ten distinct breeds of cattle found in Pakistan. However, these
breeds probably only make up 30 percent of the population and the rest of the population
is generally classified as non-descript. Cattle breeds of Pakistan are Sahiwal, Red Sindhi,
Cholistani, Dhanni, Tharparker, Bhagnari, Djal, Lohani, Rojhan and Kankrej. There are
30 local breeds of sheep in the country. Important sheep breeds are Bucchi, Lohi, Thalli
and Salt Range in Punjab; Bumbi, Kachhi and Kooka in Sindh; Balkhi, Damani and
Kaghani in NWFP and Baluchi, Bibrik, Harnai and Rakhsani in Balochistan. For goats,
37 breeds have been described
The important goat breeds include Beetal, Dera Din Panah and Teddy in
Punjab, Barbari and Kamori in Sindh, Kaghani and Jatal in N.W.F.P. and Khurassani,
Lehri and Pahari in Balochistan. Twenty one breeds of running, baggage and dairy
camels have been described. Analysis of livestock population trends show that buffalo
population increased 392%, cattle 219%, sheep 299%, and goats 650% in the last 45
years 1955-2000 (Isani, G.B. and M.N. Baloch. 1996).
Livestock-production system is mostly mixed crop-livestock farming.
Production systems of cattle and buffaloes are subsistence small-holdings, market
oriented small-holdings, rural commercial farms and peri-urban dairy farms. Farming
systems of small ruminants and camels are nomadic, transhumant and sedentary-
household. Systematic genetic improvement programmes for livestock have been limited
and half hearted. Some of these are land grants, herd-book scheme, provision of pedigree
bulls, establishments of government livestock farms, provision of artificial insemination
3
service, progeny testing programme for Nili-Ravi buffalo and Sahiwal cattle, import of
exotic stock and crossbreeding.
These programmes have been addressing productivity issues and have
been limited to a few breeds of animals. It is feared that if proper research and
development efforts are not carried out, many of the livestock genetic resources (breeds)
will be lost. Survival of a breed in the farming system will depend on its economic utility.
Important areas of research and development in animal genetic resources are;
development of low-cost performance-recording system, evaluation and strengthening of
on-going progeny-testing programmes, starting of progeny-testing programmes for
important breeds, phenotypic characterization of breeds to identify specific traits of
economic importance, development of beef breed, genetic characterization of different
breeds of livestock and development of molecular markers for economic traits.
Sindh’s potential is complemented by Pakistan’s Investment policy, which
is the most liberal in the region, and opens new vistas to local as well as foreign investors
for investment in service, social, agriculture and industrial sectors so as to keep Pakistan
competitive in international market and viable area of investment. Under the Investment
Policy in vogue no permission is required to invest in Pakistan. A foreign investor can
hold up to 100 percent of equity. Remittance of profit, dividend, and capital is allowed
among many other facilities available in the policy. Sindh’s agri-economy contributes
23% to the country’s GDP. The huge gap between Sindh’s aquaculture, livestock & dairy
production and the capacity to process the produce, provides opportunity for various
types of investments in value addition. The Government of Sindh has taken various
initiatives in terms of subsidized financing, technological support, research &
development and capacity building of farmers. (Husnain, H.U, 1985)
4
MAP OF SINDH PROVINCE
5
Table.1. Veterinary service institutions of Sindh.
Region Research/vaccine
Production institutes
Veterinary hospitals
Veterinary Dispensaries
Veterinary centers
Diagnostic labs
Pakistan 6 963 2869 2875 72
Sindh 2 119 60 608 7
Table.2. Veterinary hospitals and dispensaries in Sindh Province
S. No. Name of Districts No. of Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries
No. of Veterinary Centers
1. Naushehro Feroze 10 42 2. Sanghar 12 28 3. Karachi 06 08 4. Larkana 08 16 5. Sukkur 07 16 6. Ghotki 04 13 7. Mirpurkhas 10 50 8. Jamshoro 01 18 9. Khairpur 22 75 10. Umerkot 02 110 11. Tando Allahyar 03 07 12. Shikarpur 08 22 13. Jacobabad 05 20 14. Saheed Benazirabad 10 44 15. Tando Muhammad Khan 04 11 16. Thatta 12 19 17. Badin 07 23 18. Tharparkar 08 151 19. Hyderabad 04 13 20. Kashmore 06 08 21. Matiari 07 23 22. Qamber @ Shahdad Kot 08 21 23. Dadu 08 48
Total 172 786
6
Table.3. Livestock population of Sindh province (2009)
Administrative unit Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Camels Horses Mules Asses Poultry
Pakistan 33.0 (million)
29.9 (million)
27.4 (million)
58.3 (million)
1.0 (million)
0.4 (million)
0.2 (million)
4.5 (million)
562 (million)
Sindh 6925022 7340162 395805 2572221 278424 44999 19512 1004925 14135540
T.M.Khan 47416 147934 34233 126266 2428 80 201 7257 239481
Source: Directorate of Animal Husbandry Government of Sindh, Hyderabad. Table.4. Dairy Farm & Livestock Experimental Stations, Livestock Breeding
Farms functioning in Sindh Province
S. No. Name of Farms Animals Locations
1. Red Sindhi Cattle Breeding Farm Red Sindhi Cattle Tando Muhammad Khan
2. Livestock Experimental Station Thari Cattle Nabisar Road
3. Livestock Experimental Station Red Sindhi Cattle Karachi
4. Livestock Development & Research Farm Kundhi Buffaloes Rohri
5. Kamori Goat Farm Kamori Goat Khuda Abad District Dadu
6. Kooka Sheep Farm Kooka Sheep Rohri
7. Bari Goat Breeding & Research Farm for Meat Bari Goat Tando Allahyar
8. Research & Breeding Farm for Pateri Goat Breed Pateri Goat Tando Adam
7
8
Table-5: Animal population of district Tando Muhammad khan
Buffaloes & Cattle Equines Other Animals
Male 60232 5432 68000
Female 14054 5000 104100
Total 74286 9932 172100
Table-6 Veterinary hospital of district Tando Muhammad Khan
S.No Name of Veterinary hospital & Centre
1. Veterinary Dispensary Tando Muhammad Khan
2. Veterinary hospital Bulri Shah Karim
3. Animal Health Extension Centre Mulaqatiar
4. Animal Health Extension Centre Rajo Nizamani
5. Veterinary Centre Jinhan Soomro
6. Veterinary Centre Ghulam Mustafa Shah
7. Veterinary Centre Rabdino notkani
8. Veterinary Centre Shaikh Bhirkio
9. Veterinary Centre Abdul Hakeem Memon
9
CHAPTER – II
CATTLE BREEDING STATUS IN TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN
INTRODUCTION
The farm was established in the year of 1958 at West Pakistan with the
area of 4535-13 Acres. It was transferred to Agriculture Corporation in the year of 1962.
In 1969 An area of 2051-37 Acres of land was surrender and was given to Agriculture
Department to established Seed Farm and retained 2483-16 Acres land.
In the year of 1972 the farm was transferred to animal husbandry
department in Government of Sindh. However in the year 1975 the management of farm
was transferred to Sindh Milk Board.
After the failure of the management of the Milk Board. The farm was
again transferred to the animal husbandry department with the area of 2483-16 Acres in
the year of 1976. From 1976 to until this farm management is given to animal husbandry
department.
ROUTINE FARM OPERATIONS
During the training in the RSCBF Tando Muhammad Khan, the main
emphases are given in the following fields.
1. Dairy farm management
2. Ration formulation for milking and non milking animals
3. Calf rearing
4. Pregnancy diagnosis
5. Silage making
6. Artificial insemination
7. Semen evaluation, processing and freezing
10
Red Sindhi Cattle Habitat:
North & north western part of Karachi and Hyderabad popularity known
as ‘Kohistan Area’ in Sindh Province and Lasbela district in Balochistan Province. Also
famous with the name of Maliri
Type: Milch Animal
Physical Characteristics:
Medium size with compact build, horns thick and stumpy in males but thin
in females, ears fine, small and alert, dewlap moderate in both sexes, sheath pendulous in
male but nominal in females, black switch of tail, udder medium to large and strong,
some what resistant to disease and thick infestation.
Colour: Deep Red
Table.7. Body measurement & Average weight of Red Sindhi Cattle
Body measurement (cm) Average weight (kg)
Height Length Girth At birth At maturity
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
132 115 145 127 185 155 26 24 410 320
Average of milk yield in (305 days)
2050 liters with 4.2% butter fat
11
OBJECTIVES
To preserve and develop the Red Sindhi Breed.
To preserve the purity of the Red Sindhi Breed.
To produce pure breed Bulls of superior type by improving the farm and village
cattle bring about early maturity in cows and Bulls by selective breeding better
feeding and management.
To study the pasture and grazing management.
Artificial Insemination done in red Sindhi cattle breed at the farm and introduce it
to the surrounding area.
To develop export market selling of young stock is used for this purpose.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A period of six weeks has been completed successfully at Red Sindhi
Cattle & Breeding Farm;
Red Sindhi Cattle and Breeding Farm at Tando Muhammad Khan
Total area of farm is 2500 acres
Fodder such as Millet, Barely, maize, Sorghum, Barseem and Alfa alfa
Cash crop such as Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton and Sunflower.
Feeds: Roughages: Hay, Straw, Stover and Hulls
Concentrates: Wheat bran, Cotton Seed cake and Molasses.
Breeding practice: Natural.
Watering: 24 hours available in water trough at each shed.
Salt: Salt block was made available for licking.
Vaccination: FMD (Foot and mouth disease) and HS (Hemorrhagic septicemia)
Milking Practices: Twice at morning and evening each day.
Weaning: At the age was six months.
Lactation Length: 305 days was practiced.
12
Management of calves and heifers
After the birth of calves’ colostrums is provided at the rate of 10% of body
weight. Mostly the calves are weaned ate the age of two and half to three months. The
floor space provided to the calves was recorded at 15 to 20 sq.ft. Per animal. Heifers of 3
to 6 months have been kept in separate sheds. 15 to 18 percent crude protein consisting of
heat straw, wheat bran, cotton seed cake and molasses were fed. Where as at the age of
10 months up to breeding 2 to 3 kg of concentrate/day/animal were provided. When the
animal obtained 70% of adult body weight it was conceived.
Management of pregnant animals
Pregnant animals were watched carefully particularly during the last
stages of pregnancy, to avoid the abortion due to unnecessary exercise, fights and other
physical trauma. During the last three months of pregnancy when fetal growth was very
rapid, a special pregnancy allowance of about 1 to 2 kg of concentrate per animal to
fulfill the nutritive requirement during the pregnancy.
Grazing of livestock
Animals graze in area where crops were harvested or in range areas where
special type of grasses are available. The timing of grazing is from 08:00AM to
12:00noon at evening 03:00pm to 05:00pm animals were grazed.
Watering of livestock
The water trough was available in each shed of animal the water was
provided throughout the day especially in summer season.
Milking practices
The milking practice was performed two times in a day, first in early in
the morning about 4:00am to 6:00am and second early in the evening (about 4:00 pm to
6:00pm).
13
Breeding practices
Breeding is practiced by allowing bull into the herd during grazing/feeding
hours as well as during night hours and called on natural breeding. However, and present
A.I. have been widely introduced and also practiced and applied.
Record Keeping In Dairy Farm
It is impossible to run any kind of business profitably with out proper
records. A manager who does not have a fairly accurate record of the amount of feed to
given to the cows in this herd, and of the amount of milk which they produce is certainly
not conducting his management efficiently.
Different types of record kept at farm
Milk record register, Cattle feed register, breeding record, health record
and financial record.
Identification of the farm animals
For the identification of the animals mostly ear-tagging being practiced.
Ear-tags are plastic made with number are engraved on them. In the farm ear tags were
used.
14
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
During first weeks of internship we were deputed to Red Sindhi Cattle and
Breeding Farm at Tando Muhammad Khan, where we were assigned to work at Cattle
Farms, the results are as under,
Table.8. Livestock strength at Red Sindhi Cattle and Breeding Farm T.M.Khan
In the Red Sindhi Cattle & breeding farm total 383 animals were present.
There were 181 adults, 121 were young stock and 81 were suckling stock. The total Male
was 67 and was 316 females.
Table.9. Milk Production compare with last five years in Red Sindhi Cattle Farm Tando Muhammad Khan.
Type of Animal Bull/Male Female Total
Adult 15 166 181
Young stock 25 96 121
Suckling Stock 27 54 81
Total 67 316 383
Years No. of cows in milk Total milk production
2005-2006 16 18620 Liters
2006-2007 21 27546 Liters
2007-2008 25 35451 Liters
2008-2009 20 25457 Liters
2009-2010 18 23366 Liters
Up to Feb 2011 20 8465-02
15
Table.10. Structure of livestock farm at Red Sindhi Cattle and Breeding Farm T.M.Khan
Total no of sheds: 4
System of housing: Tail to tail
Length of each shed: 70 ft length, 40 width, height 10ft
Per animal space: 4.5 multiply by 6.5 ft
Manger: Width=2.5ft, front height=1.6ft, back height=2ft,
length=2.5ft per animal
Capacity of each shed: 20 to25 animals per shed
Yard structure: Size=70 multiply by 55 ft
Water trough: 2ft width, 10 ft length, 1.5ft height
16
CHAPTER- III
ANIMAL HEALTH
INTRODUCTION
District veterinary hospital is the second placement of our internship it is
located in Tando Muhammad Khan. It works under the Ministry of livestock department
Govt. of Sindh. Animal health is the most important for the department of live stock.
Being a veterinarian the reasonability is become more important. To restore the health of
animal it is very necessary for veterinarian to bring his all efforts.
We observed that the following Building facilities were available in
Veterinary Hospitals of Tando Muhammad Khan.
Indoor patient house
General OPD
Office of Veterinary Officer
Staff Room
Record Room
Medical Store
Cattle Crush
OBJECTIVES
To identify any disease or problems early, so that they can be treated before they
become serious.
To treat any disorder or disease.
To perform vaccination program in the city to prevent the onset of disease.
To discuss preventive health care and husbandry issues such as health care, nutrition
and hardness.
17
MATERIALS AND METHODS
District veterinary hospital Tando Muhammad Khan has been attended.
Clinical Examination
Clinical examination has been carried out as under:
Procedure
The un- healthy; pregnant animals were examined for the problem. .
Before medication , all the animals were examined properly.
History taking
First detailed question from owner were asked to get complete information
regarding animal health and husbandry. The questions may include the signalmen (age,
sex, pregnancy, work type).Asked about any previous illness of the animal brought to the
hospital for treatment. The eyes were examined for any discharge, nose for coughing and
any discharges; tiredness of the animal was noted. Breeding history of the animal was
taken. Lameness and weakness of the animal during exercise were noted. Itching, rubbing
and other skin problems were noted. Abnormal behavior was also noted.
The questions asked from owner
Exactly what were the problems that concern the owner?
When did it start?
Was there any specific incident that started it?
was the problem getting better, worse or staying the same?
Are there any other animals affected?
The clinical examination was carried out in a routine manner to ensure nothing was
missed;
(1). Eyes
Discharge, color, consistency, and amount of discharge was record
Conjunctiva color (white, pale, injected etc) observed
Third eyelid (protrusion, swelling) was observed
18
Cornea (opacities, ulcers) was also examined
(2). Nostrils
The nostrils for color, consistency and amount of discharge were observed
(3). Mouth
The incisors, were examined to find the age of the animal
The cheek teeth were observed for hooks, and broken teeth.
(4). Submandibular lymph nodes were examined.
(5). Pulse
The rate and strength of blood were noted.
(6). Chest
Both sides of the chest were examined
Auscultate on the heart was performed and note the rate, rhythm and
sounds of the heart.
Auscultation on the lungs for crackles, wheezes and dullness sounds were
observed.
(7). Abdomen
Both sides were examined.
Gut sound was noted.
(8). Urogenital System
The sheath, valva, mammary glands for swelling, discharges, external and
internal wounds were examined properly.
(9). Legs and Feet
The feet were looked for swellings and wounds.
19
The shoes were carefully checked the size and fitness of the shoes to the
hoof were observed.
The feet were palpated for swellings, heat and pain.
The joints were examined for stiffness and pain if there.
The feet sole and frog, were examined.
(10). Skin.
The wounds and swelling on the skin were examined.
Looked for parasites, alopecia and itching.
(11). Rectal Temperature.
Temperature was taken, if there any infection treat animal suspected.
Instruments and equipments
Syringes, Thermometer, burdizo castrator, Scissors, forceps, Drenching
guns, and bandages cotton, Tag maker, Iron, Tissue retractor, Tissue forceps, A.I Gun,
Liquid Nitrogen, Semen straws, A.I gun sheath etc.
Medicines and other drugs used
Such as penicillin, sulphadamidine, oxytetracycline etc.
Antipyretics Such as dypiron, paracitamol etc
Drenches Nilzan, Nilverm, Oxfendazole, Valbazine etc.
Antiseptic solutions hydrogen peroxide, potassium per magnate, tincture
iodine, pyodine etc.
Powders (Kaolin) boric acid, Sodium bicarbonate cicatrin etc.
Vaccines performed
1. PPR (pestes peptitis ruminants)
2. CCPP (Caprine Contagious Pleural Pneumonia)
3. ETV (Enterotoxaemia Vaccine)
20
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Hospital patient report
The patient report of the Veterinary hospital at T.M.Khan from December 2010-2011.
Table.11. Cases treated at Veterinary Hospital at Tando Muhammad Khan
Weeks Parasitic problem Wound Dystocia Pneumonia Metabolic Other
diseases Total
1 7 5 2 20 13 7 54 2 12 3 1 16 6 3 41 3 10 1 2 15 7 6 41 4 3 4 3 14 9 9 42 5 9 3 4 12 6 4 38 6 11 2 2 7 7 6 35
Total 52 18 16 82 48 35 251
In District Veterinary Hospital total 251 animals were treated against
diseases during internship period. The most prevalent disease was Pneumonia. The
number of animal suffering from Pneumonia was 82. The percentage of Pneumonia was
32.66%. The lowest cases which were treated were dystocia cases. There were only 16
cases of dystocia. The percentage of dystocia was 6.37%. There were 18 cases of
wounds. Parasitic problem was followed the Pneumonia and fall in 2nd number. There
were 52 cases of pneumonia and 48 cases were metabolic disorders. 35 cases which were
dealt were other diseases. 54 cases were dealt in 1st week, 41 in 2nd, 41 in 3rd, 42 in 4th, 38
in 5th and 35 cases were treated in 6th week.
21
Table.12. Chart for the months from January to February 2011
January February
Out-patients 30 25
Castration 12 10
Days of tour 15 16
Drenching 24 25
ETV Vaccine 300 250
CPP Vaccine 150 170
PPR Vaccine 34 20
Rabies 16 10
In February and March we were observed 55 out-patients, 22 animal were
castrated, 49 animals were drenched. 550 animals were vaccinated for ETV, 320 animals
for CPP, 54 animals were vaccinated for PPR and 26 animals were vaccinated for rabies.
22
CHAPTER-IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
SUMMARY
The internship in various sections of the livestock and dairy development
department, poultry and diagnostic tools is a part of academic requirement for the degree
of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), the students of Final Professional DVM 10th
semester went through an internship exercise comprised of six months period.
The internship of Final Professional Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
(D.V.M.), students was at early phase in “District Veterinary Hospital” and in final phase
at “Red sindhi cattle and breeding farm Tando Muhammad Khan”. In all institutions the
Veterinary practice with animal health and Breeding practices on scientific/ advance
technique were completed.
Such experiences as internee certificates were honoured by the
Professional head of the concern institution infavour of the internees. The detail report
was prepared and after thorough checking and correction, it was submitted for favoring
consideration and delivering of seminar and viva vice to complete the requirement of
internship in due time.
At Red Sindhi cattle & breeding farm different managemental procedures
were practiced. Such as management of feeding, management of housing and
management of animal health by monitor all managemental things which were under
farm schedule. The total farm animals are 385 and the average milk per Cow 4.14
Liters/day.
The second phases of internship in district veterinary hospital total
251animals were brought for clinical checkup. Among that 52 animal were infected by
parasitic problems, 18 animals suffer in wound, 16 animals were treated for dystocia, 82
cases of pneumonia, 48 cases of metabolic disorders and 35 cases of other disease.
23
In February and March 22 animal were castrated, 49 animals were
drenched. 550 animals were vaccinated for ETV, 320 animals for CPP and 26 animals
were vaccinated for rabies.
CONCLUSIONS
At Red Sindhi cattle & breeding farm different managemental procedures were
practiced while during second placement district Veterinary Hospital at Hospital diseased and
injured animals were treated, while certain small animals and animals were vaccinated against
certain diseases.
SUGGESTIONS
The population of pure Red Sindhi Cattle was on great risk.
The weaning age of cow is very high.
The puberty period of Red Sindhi was long.
Helminthes infections were common problem for livestock.
There was a low milk production at livestock farms.
Sick animals should be treated regularly.
Proper vaccination program should be launched.
Professional and technical programs for farmers should be arranged to educate them to
control the diseases.
The proven bulls of local breeds should be used to conserve the local breeds.
The tender should be given to well repute contractors.
Grazing area should be increase in order to fulfill the feeding requirements.
Decrease weaning age of calf.
Decrease puberty period.
preserve pure germ plasma
Further studies are recommended.
24
REFERENCES
1. Anonymous (2001). Government of Pakistan, Finance Division, Economic Advisor's Wing, Islamabad.
2. Husnain, H.U (1985) Sheep and Goats in Pakistan, FAO Animal Production and Health Production and Health Paper No. 56, Rome, pp: 1-35.
3. Isani, G.B. and M.N. Baloch (1996) Sheep and Goat Breeds of Pakistan. Press Corporation of Pakistan, Karachi, pp: 1-95.
4. Naqvi, A.N. and M.Afzal (2004) livestock resources of Pakistan present status and future trends, science vision Vol.9 No.1-4
25
APPENDICES
PICTURES OF VARIOUS ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
V.O of veterinary hospital Trainee treat the animal infected by
Ticks
Trainee done drenching Trainee done the treatment of Bull
Trainee check the pulse rate of animal Trainee check the respiration
26
Trainee check the abdomen of buffalo Trainee treat the Red Sindhi Cattle
Pregnant animal present in the Mall piri Cattle crush in veterinary hospital
Red Sindhi Cow Red Sindhi Bull
27
Duration of work Six months (One Term)
Place of study Tando Muhammad Khan
Educational unit involved
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam
Supervisor
Dr. Rehmat-ullah Rind Professor and Chairman Internship committee Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam.
APPROVED BY
STUDENTS
Dr. Rahmat-ullah Rind Professor and Chairman
Internship committee Faculty of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University
Tandojam.
ABDUL HUSSAIN MEMON 2K5-AV-16
ALTAF ALI BHATTI 2K5-AV-38
KHUDA DINO DARS 2K5-AV-91
KASHIF ALI KAZI 2K5-AV-92
KALEEMULLAH TALPUR 2K5-AV-93
KHUDA BUX KHUSHIK 2K5-AV-96
SADAM HUSSAIN TALPUR 2K5-AV-188