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Response of micronutrient application in soybean under Indian
conditionPresented by,MR. Udmale Amol BapuReg. NO.2014A/47 ML
Research GuideGajbhiye B.R.Assistant Professor, Dept. of Soil
Sci. & Agri. Chem.College of Agriculture , Latur.
Seminar Incharge, Dr. P. H. Vaidya Assoc. Prof. Dept. of Soil
Sci. & Agri. Chem. College of Agriculture, Latur
introduction
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a legume and oilseed crop
. belongs to family leguminaceae with sub family papilionaceae. It
was originated at China in 1960. It is basically a pulse crop and
gained the importance as an oilseed crop as it contains 20%
cholesterol free oil.Soybean rich in protein 40%Soybean is an
important crop in human and animal nutrition, because it is a major
source of edible vegetable oil and high protein feed as well as
food in the world.Soybean is the cheapest source of proteins and it
is called Poor mans meat. A large number of Indian and western
dishes such as bread, chapati, milk, sweets, pastries etc., can be
prepared with soybean.
Role of micronutrient Boron A key role in cell wall
biosynthesis, carbohydrate and protein metabolism , cell division
and cell elongation, being involved in the development of root and
shoot growing points.It is therefore critical for the plant at
times of rapid growth during the autumn and stem extension in the
spring.It is also required for pollen tube growth ensuring adequate
seed set in the pods. Deficiency symptoms.-Yellowing, death of
growing point, deformed leaves with discolored areas.
CopperIt has a role in enzyme reactions. However, the specific
function in growth and development of plant.Major function in
photosynthesis, reproductive stages Intensifies color Catalyzes
several plant processes Aids in root metabolism Deficiency Symptoms
Light yellowing, leaf tips turn brown and sometimes twisted, young
leaves looked wilted
Manganese Manganese has a role in the formation of the plants
naturally occurring antifungal compounds , helping to fight disease
infection. It is involved in the enzymes that govern many
biological reactions in plant tissue. Manganese is also required
for lignin formation, which along with cellulose.Foliar
applications are the most effective to prevent manganese
deficiency. Deficiency Symptoms Yellowing between the veins of new
leaves (similar to iron deficiency)
Iron
IronFe is essential for the maintenance of chlorophyll. Iron is
also an essential component of the hemoglobin molecule. In soybean
plants, hemoglobin is a component of the nodules. This may explain
the lack of nodulation in field situations where IDC is a serious
problem. Deficiency Symptoms Yellowing between the veins of new
leaves
Zinc This micronutrient is essential for enzymes that are
involved in many metabolic reactions. Necessary for chlorophyll
production Necessary for starch formation Aids in seed formation
Deficiency Symptoms Shorter growth with reduced internode length,
new leaves are smaller.
FACTOR AFFECTING MICRONUTRIENT
CASE STUDY
Table 1- In Maharastra , division wise area of soybean sown
kharif-2014
RegionArea(Lakh /Ha. )Yield(Kg/Ha. )Production (Lakh MT.)Nashik
Division 1.1898360.993Pune Division 0.893 800 0.882 Kolhapur
Division 1.401 1001 1.402 Aurangabad Division 2.737 901 2.465 Latur
Division 1283610Amravati division15.634 75011.837 Nagpur division3
8003G.Total. M.S. 38.008 808 30.721
Table 2- All India state wise area, yield and production of
soybean during kharif 2014.StateArea(Lakh /Ha. )Yield(Kg/ Ha.
)Production (Lakh MT. )Madhya Pradesh 55.462 1086 60.249
Maharashtra 38.008 800 30.721
Rajasthan 6.820 827 5.639
Andhra Pradesh 2.720 975 2.652
Karnataka 2.920 828 2.418
Chattisgarh 1.470 915 1.345
Gujarat 0.742 945 0.701
Rest of India 0.693 925 0.641
Grand Total 108.834 959 104.366
Table 3- Selected Nutrient Element Adequate Concentrations and
Ranges in Plants.ElementRange
ofConcentrationsAdequateConcentrationiron20-600 ppm100
ppmManganese10-600 ppm50 ppmBoron 0.2-800 ppm20 ppmZinc 10-250 ppm
20 ppmCopper 2-50 ppm 6 ppm DOR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad , AP,
Dwivedi et al., (2001).
T able 4-Raw seed yield and graded seed yield (q/ha) as
influnced by different micronutrient treatments in
soybeanTreatmentsRaw seed yieldGraded seed yieldT1- Recommended
dose of NPK (25 kg N +50 kg P2O5/ha)22.0619.04T2- Recommended dose
of NPK + Basal application of ZnSO4 @ 10 kg/ha22.5119.33T3-
Recommended dose of NPK + Basal application of ZnSO4 @ 20
kg/ha23.8020.77T4- Recommended dose of NPK + Basal application of
ZnSO4 @ 30 kg/ha25.0822.22T5- Recommended dose of NPK + Basal
application of boron @ 2 kg/ha23.7721.22T6- Recommended dose of NPK
+ Basal application of boron @ 4 kg/ha23.7220.81T7- Recommended
dose of NPK + Basal application of boron @ 6 kg/ha22.9520.20T8-
Recommended dose of NPK + Sprays of hamaur at 35,45,60 &75
DAS25.1822.47SE0.810.71CD@5%2.432.14 M.A.U, Parbhani Deosarkar
et.al., (2002)
15
Table-5 Seed quality characters as influenced by different
micronutrients treatments in soybeanTreatmentsOil content %Protein
content %T1- RDF NPK (25 kg N+50 kg P2O5/ha)20.1737.61T2- RDF NPK +
Basal application of ZnSO4 @ 10 kg/ha20.6638.36T3-RDF NPK + Basal
application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha20.4938.59T4-RDF NPK + Basal
application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg/ha20.4139.17T5- RDF NPK + Basal
application of boron @ 2kg/ha20.4238.57T6- RDF NPK + Basal
application of boron @ 4kg/ha20.4838.75T7- RDF NPK + Basal
application of boron @ 6kg/ha20.6439.04T8- RDF NPK +Sprays of
humaur at 30,45, 60 and 75 DAS20.5138.87SE0.150.13CD
(P=0.05)N.S.0.40N.S. = Non significant M.A.U, Parbhani Deosarkar et
al (2002)
Table 6- Seed quality characters as influenced by different
micronutrients treatments in soybeanTreatmentsTest wt(g)Shoot
lengthcmRoot lengthVigour indexT1- RDF NPK (25 kg N+50 kg
P2O5/ha)17.2610.258.901447T2- RDF NPK + Basal application of ZnSO4
@ 10 kg/ha17.3710.359.091478T3-RDF NPK + Basal application of ZnSO4
@ 20 kg/ha17.2410.469.101515T4-RDF NPK + Basal application of ZnSO4
@ 30 kg/ha17.4110.609.381579T5- RDF NPK + Basal application of
boron @ 2kg/ha17.5610.469.241528T6- RDF NPK + Basal application of
boron @ 4kg/ha17.4010.399.201521T7- RDF NPK + Basal application of
boron @ 6kg/ha17.1710.319.051515T8- RDF NPK +Sprays of humaur at
30,45, 60 and 75 DAS17.3710.689.471594SE0.310.140.1012.6CD
(P=0.05)NSNS0.3137.8NS. = Non significant M.A.U, Parbhani Deosarkar
et al (2002)
Table 7- Micronutrient level in the soil surface
MicronutrientLb/Acre
Fe70,000
Mn1,000
B40
Cl20Zn20
Cu10Mo2Visva - Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal
Sharma et al.,(2003)
Table 8 - Effect of integrated micronutrient management on
productivity, sustainable yield, stability and economics in soybean
cropping systemTreatments Seed yield kg/haSoybean equivalent yield
(kg/ha)Sustainable yield indexStability indexNet return(Rs/ha)Cost
of
cultivation(Rs/ha)soybeanSEYsoybeanSEYT1-Zn@5kg/ha158341580.430.780.970.992369214770T2-
seed treatment with NaMOo4@4kg/kg seed
160941560.470.720.941.312593712506 T3- [email protected]
kg/ha151341300.480.800.860.742523212971T4-Zn@5kg/ha+FYM@10
tonne/[email protected]/ha+FYM@10
tonne/hatonne/ha153941280.430.631.001.061628422770 Cont..
T6- Seed treatment with NaM0o4@4g/kg seed +FYM@10
Tonnes/ha151343180.410.8110.811943620506T7- Zn@5
kg/[email protected]/ha foliar spray at 25-30
DAS154140640.380.801.080.702274714845T8- Zn@ 5kg/ha as
basal151641310.370.721.101.192297115241T9-
Control152040280.380.751.081.152475912500SEm+17.5536.661058.90361.16CD
(P=0.05)5011330171029NRC, Indore, Madhya pradesh Billore S.D. and
Joshi O.P. (2003)
Table 9- Effect of Zn on grain and straw yield (q/ha) of
SoybeanTreatments Grain yieldStraw yieldT1-
(Control)15.2423.76T2-N, P, K ( Fertilizer Prescription
equation)25.1340.08T3- 2.5 kg Zn/ha ZnO27.2343.56T4- 2.5 kg Zn/ha
ZnSO428.2347.42T5- 5 kg Zn/ha ZnO37.1459.71T6- 5 kg Zn/ha
ZnSO439.5463.89T7- 7.5 kg Zn/ha ZnO38.6762.17T8- 7.5 kg Zn/ha
ZnSO=439.5863.00T9- 10 kg Zn/ha ZnO39.0062.08T10- 10 kg Zn/ha
ZnSO439.5562.96 SE (m) 0.5760.932 CD @ 5%1.502.42M.P.K.V., Rahuri
Kanse et al (2006)
Table 10 - Effect of Zinc on yield and quality of
soybeanTreatmentsGrain yield (q/ha)Straw yield(q/ha)Oil
content%Protein content(%)T1- 0 kg Zn/ha-113.5422.5919.1236.02T2-
10 kg Zn/ha-115.1526.7521.9241.20 T3-20 kg
ZnKg/ha-115.1026.4720.4739.54SE (m) 0.330.890.540.58CD at
5%1.052.661.591.69Dr. P.D.K.V., Akola Bairagi et al (2007)
Table 11- Yield attribute of soybean as influnced by different
treatmentsTreatmentsNumber of seeds plant-1Seed yield plant-1Test
weight (g)Grain yield(q/ha-1)Straw
yield(q/ha-1)T1-control3031081324T2- RDF4151101927T3- RDF+ZnSO4
20kg ha-14651132230T4-RDF+FeSo4 20kg ha-146.425.501142230T5- RDF+
MgSO4 20kg ha-146.105.601152230T6- ZnSO4 20kg ha-1+FeSO4 20kg
ha-1515.651152332T7-FeSO4 20kg ha-1 + MgSO4 20kg
ha-151.505.701162432T8-RDF+ FeSO4 20kg ha-1 + MgSO4 20kg ha-1+ZnSO4
20kg ha-1525.801172533Cont
T9-RDF +ZnSO4 10 kg ha -1 + 1% ZnSO4 through foliar application
at 30 and 50 DAS556.031172533T10- RDF +FeSO4 10 kg ha -1 + 1% FeSO4
through foliar application at 30 and 50 DAS55.505.9311625.5033 T11-
RDF +MgSO4 10kg ha-1+1% MgSO4 through foliar application at 30 and
50 DAS545.811162432T12- RDF + ZnSO4 10 kg ha -1 +FeSO4 10 kg ha -1
+MgSO4 10kg ha-1 +1.5% foliar application through MgSO4, ZnSO4,
ZnSO4,at 30 and 50 DAS596.831192633SE+1.470.331.420.900.99CD at
5%4.280.974.142.612.88College of Agriculture, Latur Ghare
et.al.,(2014)
Table 13 - Effect of Zinc on available nutrient status after
harvest of soybeanTreatments Available Nutrient status of soilN(
kg/ha)P (kg/ha)K( kg/ha)S(mg/kg)Zn (mg /kg)Zinc levels Zn-0 kg/ha
18816.83209.990.62 Zn1 kg/ha19417.732610.220.63 Zn 2
kg/ha20118.433110.530.63 Zn 3 kg/ha21518.532610.780.69SE
(m)3.550.563.380.220.33CD at 5%10.25---0.49Dr. P.D.K.V. ,Akola
Jadhao et al (2014)
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Table 14 - Effect of different levels of micronutrients on
growth, yield and quality characters of soybean at
harvestTreatmentSeed yield(kg ha-1)Straw yield(kg ha-1)Biological
yield(kg ha-1)Protein content(%)Oil content(%)No. of pods
plant-1Oil Yield(g ha-1)T1- M = B @ 2 kg
ha-125264081660639.6220.7828.94513T2- M = Fe @ 10 kg
ha-122903739602939.2120.6826.94474T3- M = Zn @ 10 kg
ha-126684230689839.5820.8530.67556SEm()671402120.110.080.8216.10LSD(0.05)2074306540.34NS49.61
M.A.U., Parbhani Shinde et al(2015)
FUTURE STRATEGIESThere is need of research finding on the use of
various combination of Pesticide and Herbicide with water soluble
fertilizer. It help to minimize cost of cultivation and labour
charges.
use of micronutrient feeding really a blessing for Indian
farming and may pave way for another green revolution and provide
support to boost agricultural production and export.
Though foliar feeding technique approach is quite new in India
and is in limited use due to its complicacy, it may be useful for
high value crops particularly in drought affected areas.Need to
find out Multinutrients.
ConclusionThe micronutrient ( Fe, Zn, Mn, and B) alone and in
combination were the effective treatments in increasing yield,
quality parameter of soybean.This study demonstrated that
application of 5 ppm Zn gave the highest protein and oil content of
soybean grain.Use of micronutrient elements especially Mn, or
combination Zn and Mn in these condition had positive effect on
yield component and then increase production seed yield.
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