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Public Private Partnership in bean seed systems in Africa is key to sustainability
Jean Claude Rubyogo, Enock Maereka, NARS, and CIAT Colleagues .
CIAT APR, 22-26 June 2015
Variety release
Phase Period Number of varieties
Phase 1-4 Before 2000 284
Phase 5 2001-2004 96 (380)
Phase 6 2004-2008 119
Phase 7 2009-2014 238
357 in the last ten years)
1
2
3
4 Certified seed 2
Farmers
Certified Seed 1 (Private seed producers )
Basic seeds (NARS )
Breeder seeds (NARS )
Farmers 5 Traders
Centralized seed system (before 2004)
Some challenges before 2004
Limited information/knowledge on varieties and seed systems (centralized and decentralized)
Inadequate supply and limited diversity of seed sources
Limited client oriented seed marketing (centralized)
Inefficiency in the seed production
Delays in availing varieties to farmers: ◦Delays in variety use after release
1
2
3
4
Certified seeds (large and small packs) using market and non market channels
Farmers
Quality Declared Seed (QDS) by local seed producers (individual or groups –supported by Development partners (GOs, NGOs, CBOs etc.)
Basic seed 2 (Private seed producers)
Pre-basic seed (NARS/ Private sector )
Breeder seed (NARS)
Farmers
5 Traders
Integrated Seed System for wider impact (2004)
Inclusion of Quality Declared Seed
Use of certified bean seed (% area sown) in selected African countries
Country 2004 2010 2014Ethiopia <1 5.4 15.6Kenya <2 3.4 5.9Malawi <1 5.2 5.2Uganda 3.6 6.3 8.9
Multi-functional partnership established
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
33
6 6
75
50
819
125
Evolution of number of common bean pro-ducers in ESA, by category of actors (2007-
2013)
2009 2013
Categories of seed producers
Nu
mb
er
of
bean
seed
pro-
du
cers
Increased bean productivity: case of Ethiopia (2004/5-2013/14).
2004
/5
2005
/6
2006
/7
2007
/8
2008
/9
2009
/10
2010
/11
2011
/12
2012
/13
2013
/14
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Years
Pro
du
cti
vit
y (
ton
s/h
a)
More than 70% increase in bean productivity: from 0.861 tons per ha to 1.49 tons per ha between 2004 and 2014.Reliable grain market pulls
use of quality seed, improved agronomic practices, grain quality etc.
Trend of bean production in Ethiopia
2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2013/14 -
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
211,347
138,422
222,701 241,418
329,775
362,890 340,280
387,802
455,115
Year
Pdoduct
ion (
tons)
Trend of bean export revenue in Ethiopia
2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 -
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
8,145,673
20,222,285
34,643,744
44,746,960 49,046,076
49,656,920
59,274,028
75,861,072
83,305,950 Export revenue (USD)
Year
Revenue (
US
D)
COMPARING PRODUCTVITY, LAND UNDER BEANS AND TOTAL PRODUCTION: RWANDA
The PPPs process
Generating and disseminating
lessons learned for scaling up
Participatory evaluation and performance
tracking
Scheduling activities around seed production, variety promotion
and seed distribution
Making available breeder seed of
preferred variety (ies) to seed
companies and support services.
Building of partnership to scale up seed
supply
Demand creation for improved varieties
1
2
3
6
5
4
Adoption of innovative approaches for fast and efficient distribution of bean seed.
Sale of seed in small pocket-friendly packs Wider impact strategy Convenient and
affordable access by farmers
Affordable testing of new varieties
Diversity of bean varieties accessed
Increasing demand of quality bean seed pulled by differentiated /profitable grain market/nutrition
As result of intensive demand creation, farmers increasingly realizing the value of varieties and their utilization
Increased bean seed production: case of CEDO – Uganda (2010-2013).
2010 2011 2012 2013 -
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
149.1 171.8
301.3
380.4
Year
Am
ou
nt
(to
ns)
of
bean
seed
p
rod
uced
Some constraints of private seed companies
Limited availability of breeder/basic seed from NARS
Inadequate knowledge on quality bean seed production/post harvest and business/marketing skills
Inadequate capacity of seed services to inspect seed fields
Cost sharing - breeder 1: 3 seed ratio: (DARS 1 and private company : 3 )
In kind payment (breeder seed equivalent)
Contracting arrangement
Dr. Reuben OtsyulaKALRO
Breeder Seed Production (kg)
Year 2013 2014 2015
DARS-EX Agris (Malawi)
55 1,563 2,500
KALRO–Bubayi (Kenya)
2,000 3,600 23,000
Total 2,055
5,163 25,500
Results: basic seed ( tons) Year 2013 2014 2015
DARS-EX Agris
0.8 15.0 36.2
KALRO –Bubayi
30.0 72.0
Total 0.8 45.0 108.2
What did PABRA (NARS/CIAT) bring on board?
Facilitate the partnerships between NARS and private companies
Technical backstopping, training on bean seed pre and post harvest technologies and seed business
Facilitate linkages between certified seed producers and basic/breeder seed producers
Supportive messages on utilization e.g. nutrition messages (iron and zinc) or marketability
Engagement with policy makers (national and regional EAC, SADC, COMESA etc.)
Future plans
Explore the possibility of co-owning the released varieties (rather than being NARS sole property ) – management/sharing the IP (CIAT/NARS/private seed companies)
Bring in the private sector on board before the release and grant exclusive/non exclusive!! rights
Private sector to pay some royalties to support breeding or nucleus seed production
Integrating QDS and support to private companies (for synergies and impact )
What are sustainable institutional mixes for delivering and out-scaling seed and complementary technologies?
Seed system support Innovations under Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture (SFSA)Strengthen multiple varieties release across
countries – for economy of scale –wider market/cross border seed trade
Facilitate variety licensing to seed companies and wider commercialization of bean seed
Fine-tune and deploy embedded crop insurance in the seed price to pull the use of certified seed (two students) PABRA/CCAFS-UoN
Marketing test and scale up use of seed dressing systemic Apron Star (fungicide +insecticide) – pull seed ?
Other areas to expand seed systems/ICMMechanization of
small and medium holders ◦ Participatory testing
and strengthen supply value
Production efficiency ◦ Weed control –
strengthen supply chain◦ Environment effects??◦ Soil fertility (foliar
feed/boosters!!)
Thank you