Mediterranean Climate regions

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About me

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P.r.i Australia

P.r.i Australia

P.r.i Australia

P.r.i Australia

P.r.i Australia

P.r.i new zealand

Margaret river

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Oak tree designs

locations

Coastal California, central Chile, parts of South and Western Australia, the Western Cape of South Africa and of course the Mediterranean Basin itself.found predominantly on the west coasts of continentsapproximately between 31 and 40 degrees latitude north and south of the equator

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qualities

Sometimes referred to as dry-summer subtropical or ‘CSA’ in the Köppen system

long, hot, dry summers; mild, wet winters Cover a mere approximate 5% of the world’s

land mass

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The mediterranean basinThe cradle of western civilization

Named after...

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The mediterranean basin Home of countless, influential

peoples: the Egyptians, Phoenicians, Assyrians, Hittites, Greeks, Romans, Moors, Ottomans etc

These powerful, far traveling peoples opened trade routes across the ‘old world’, discovering what were to them previously unknown plant species, spreading them as they travelled on and of course returning with them home to the Mediterranean Basin and from there to the ‘new world’.

‘’...the agriculture of the Mediterranean has played a major role in the agriculture of the western world, and on this ground alone deserves discussion.’’   - D. B. Grigg, The Agricultural Systems of the World: An Evolutionary Approach.

Common traits of mcrs

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Oceanic influence

Moderated temperature extremesLittle to no frostFresh, moving winds

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Fire, drought, floodHighly seasonal and often fluctuating rains can cause...

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fire Fire plays a major role in all Mcr ecology (except

chile, due to high altitudes and moist winds) Seasonal(summer) Aids succession Used by indigenous peoples for millennia Disruption to traditional fire-stick ag. Has

created conditions for catastrophic fires Bare soil from fire is a major cause of erosion

drought

seasonal summer dry plus extended periodoc drought

Summer dry creeks and streams(bores and wells)

River mouths can be Seasonally disconnected from the sea

Dry summers/drought creates water stress on plants

Schlerophyllic floraVegetation descriptionAlso a biomic descriptionGreek: ''sklēros (hard) and phyllon (leaf)Hard, waxy, leathery leaves suited to long, hot summers of mcrsShort internodesGermination often triggered by sufficient moisture and/or fire

Adaptation to drought

Schlerophyllic floraEucalyptus, australia

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Sclerophyllic floraOlive, mediterranean basin

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Sclerophyllic floraProtea, south africa

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Schlerophyllic floraLeather oak, california

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Schlerophyllic floraPuemo, chile

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Main differences Young/active geology

» Med. Basin» California» Chile

Old/stable» South africa» Southern australia

Specialized floraProtaceous rootsMassive surfaceareaExude compoundsto make rocksolubleSensitive tophosphorous

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macro-edgeAll mcrs neighbor semi-arid and/or cool temperate and/or subtropical climate regions and can happily house many diverse species from each.

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Centre of the brittleness scale

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Traditional med. Basin systems

Transhumant pastoralism

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Traditional med. Basin systems

‘’In Britain and Denmark four-fifths of total agricultural income is derived from animals: in Mediterranean countries the figure rarely exceeds 40 per cent and is generally only between a fifth and a third, cattle are not numerous and beef and dairy are unimportant. Sheep and goats are the dominant animals...’’ - D. B. Grigg -1974 - Nature

Relatively less animal production

Traditional med. Basin systems

olives

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Traditional med. Basin systems

Carobs on the ridges Olives on the southern slopes Chestnut/oak on the northern slopes Vines at the toe of the hill... ...with vegetable production between vine rows

and/or under trellising . Cereal/fallow cycles where moist enoughwheat, barley Seafood a major resource Salting/curing: main traditional food preservation

techniques

dehesaSemi-domesticatedPasture over stood by oak spp.Approx. 4 million hectaresPigs eat up to 7kg of pannage/dayputting on ~60kg in a few weeks

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dehesaExtra yields include...

various premium animal productswild gametree fruit/nut cropshoneytimberfire woodcraft woodcorkwild herbseco-tourism etc…

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M.c.r design pointsMCRs have SO MUCH potential... 'Bread baskets' Long growing seasons comfortable, moderate

temperatures Just need to be water savvy and

honour the soil.

M.c.r design points ponds/dams

High evaporation:Low surface area:depthDesign catchment/storage to accommodate drought years Ponds/Dams as wetlands,Extended shallows etc

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M.c.r design pointsroads as water catchment

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M.c.r design pointsroads as water catchment

M.c.r design pointsdirect seeding trees

M.c.r design pointsDirect seeding trees

keyline plough in autumnSpot cultivate on tree placementie rock dust, compost, mulch etcIdeally repeat for 2 seasonsPlace 3x acorns, carob seed etcon spot at first rainsMulch, guard etcReturn to cull weaker saplings

M.c.r design pointsfire sector!!!

“ Using trees on the farm in South-Western Western Australia'' -andrew Thamo“the flywire house” - david holmgren

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Mcr projects“La fleur de vie” on the shores of lake Wahda

“La fleur de vie” on the shores of lake Wahda

34º NRiff mountainfoothills30 inches rain

“La fleur de vie” on the shores of lake Wahda

“La fleur de vie” on the shores of lake Wahda

“La fleur de vie” on the shores of lake Wahda

Mcr projects Ouled hammoud

Ouled hammoud

Erosion

erosion

Silt/nutirent trap

Seed bank made using super-adobe

Local children are exposed to permaculturePrinciples and techniques daily

Seed harvesting/saving/storing

aquaponics

Compressed/stabilised earthbrick workshop

A great many trees planted onsite. 1000+

Old, traditional dwellings onsite areRetrofitted using various techniques,

strawbale etc

Wildflowers return after soil de-compaction

Witchcliffe ecovillage

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location

location

location

location

300 acresEx-organicVineyardAdjacent to TownsiteGood waterGood soil10km from coast

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Overview of Objectives A world leading sustainable, affordable development in Witchcliffe 100% self sufficient in water through on site rainwater harvesting Recycled water return feed for horticultural and household use 80% seasonal fresh produce grown on site 100% net power generation on site with Solar PV and Wind Turbines Smart grid enabled All houses front expansive public open space and community gardens High efficiency, solar passive housing – 7 kWh/day consumption goal Affordable housing for local residents; From $385,000 for family homes From $350,000 for terraces Electric vehicle clean energy charging on site

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Density and affordability Total number of homes required to achieve overall affordability 300 Size to achieve community scale but also provide privacy & impersonal scale Lot sizes (not too big to encourage community participation) 148 Family Lots 600 - 800m2 on east west axis for best solar access 127 Terrace Lots 200m2 on north south axis for best solar access Existing Farm House on 4200m2 25 Large Lots ranging from 1600m2 – 4500m2 Every Lot fronting POS with easy access to clustered community gardens Total area of residential Lots and roads = 20% of total farm (usually 80%) Residential living zone on high well drained gravel loam Clustered String layout of residential zone for east-west Lots and affordable

efficient servicing Rural Strata title to enable management of common land & infrastructure

Plan Design & Affordability

A biologically based regional community All water from onsite rainwater harvesting

Each home has a rainwater tank Waste water treatment plant Dams for recreation and irrigation

Energy – 100% net energy provided from onsite renewable Wind and solar/Smart grid Energy efficient homes - 7kW hrs/day Base load power? Tip site?? Solar pumps for irrigation

Communities fresh food produce grown onsite Community vegetable gardens, fruit orchards, chooks

& aquaculture Carbon farming

Commitment to Delivering on Goals All infrastructure constructed by developer:

Community centre Public square Sports oval Roads & services Cycle paths Wastewater and potable water facilities Landscaping and revegetation Community gardens 7 ha fully netted orchard & olive border Machinery shed & workshop 300 kW + wind turbine energy generation

Biological Enterprises, Jobs & Income Dairy A2 Jersey cows - milk, butter, cheese, yoghurt, cream, ice

cream Goats - milk, cheese, yoghurt Chickens – eggs, meat Vineyard & Winery (20,000 bottles P.A.) + vine leaves, verjuice, grape

juice, grape marc for compost Avocado Orchard  Nursery – natives, herbs & veges, fruit trees, farm trees Vegetable gardens   Oak & Truffle Orchard  Nut Orchard – chestnuts, pecans, hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds Bee Hives  Berry Orchards – blueberries, raspberries, loganberries, strawberries,

boysenberries, blackberries Mushrooms – field, shitake

Biological Enterprises, Jobs & Income

Restaurant - uses produce grown and produced onsite Wood Lot - for mulch and compost production Compost production - for onsite use Commercial kitchen to value add food produce Technology hub Music recording studio concerts

plus all the many and varied enterprises that evolve within an establishing system....

Education and community precinct

Community Education Centre – children to adult education, continually running a whole range of short courses on everything todo with healthy, sustainable living.

School – Montessori based high school, with a strong emphasis on earth sciences, sustainable living and livelihoods, health an wellbeing.

Childcare Centre Commercial Kitchen – for value adding raw food produce • Tourist Accommodation – from backpackers to upmarket.

Ecovillagesworldwide have become very popular tourist destinations! Tennis Courts, Bowls, Boule, 5.5k exercise path

Statutory Planning ProcessFeb 2011 Community Presentations (Feb 19 & 21)

Apr 2011 Council ‘in principle’ endorsement of Plan & Approval to advertise WVS and LPS amendments concurrently

July 2011 Detailed planning work completed Aug 2011 Council approval to advertiseNov 2011 Council EndorsementMar 2013 DPI/WAPC Endorsement of LPS & WVSJuly 2014 Council Advertise TPS Amendment, Structure Plan 6mths laterJuly 2015 Ministerial Approval/GazettalAug 2015 Lodge Subdivision & Development ApplicationsDec 2015 Start Subdivision & Community Infrastructure ConstructionMay 2016 Start On-Site Sales with first Strata Lot Titles Available

Witchcliffe Village Strategy & Local Planning Strategy Now Amended to include w.e.v as

300 home Ecovillage

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Cultural lagImage 42

Dehesa australis

Thank you