Participation Schemas: A tool to characterize Collaborative Participation

Participation SchemasA tool to characterize

Collaborative Participation

Dr. Pedro Prieto MartínComputer Science Dept., Universidad de Alcalá

Founder of CitYsens

9-11 July 2014Culture Lab

Newcastle upon Tyne

Get the paper at: http://bit.ly/participation-schemasOther stuff: http://bit.ly/prieto-martin

http://bit.ly/participation-schemas


http://bit.ly/prieto-martin


Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH2

• nth revision of Arnstein ladder of citizen participation

• Identify the most important dimensions of a participatory initiative, standardizing their graphic representation

• Framework for the analysis, design and comparison of participatory cases and methods.

• Pragmatic compromise between complexity, utility and versatility

• Support the critical and comparative evaluation of participatory projects and initiatives by raising awareness about their strengths and weakneses

What are Participatory Schemasβeta

Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH

1. WHAT – Intensity of Collaboration6. Delegated Control5. Delegated Power4. Collaboration

3. Advisement2. Consultation1. Information0. Manipulation1. Legitimate coercion2. Illegal Duress


3. WHERE – Institutionalization level: 1. Low: "Sporadic“, "Episodic“2. Medium: "Periodic“, "Continuous" 3. High: “Functional Inst.” and “Organic Inst.”

Non- Participation

Consultative Participation

--

Conflict

Transparency Cliff

SIX Dimensions of Participatory Schemas

2. WHEN – Phases (ex. Policy Cycle):1. Agenda Setting2. Policy Formulation3. Decision Making4. Policy Implementation5. Monitoring and evaluation

4. WHO – Actors involvement:1. Type: Political, Corporate, Civil Society, Others2. Stakes & Special Roles:

- Affected, Interested, Participant, Influencer - Decision maker, Promoter, Facilitator

3. Selection methods: - Inclusiveness, Representativeness, Self-selection, Others

5. HOW – Deliberativeness & Transparency:1. None 1.

None2. Low 2.

Low3. Medium 3.

Medium4. High 4.

High

βeta


2005: My year in the ‘Land of Light’

4

• Applied research on how to use ICT to improve local participation

• Got involved in the introduction of… Participatory Budgeting!!!


Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting


Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetingdeliberative

6


Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetingdeliberative


Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetingmanipulative

- Conceptual negligence

- Execution negligence

- Design negligence

- Dificulties

8



9


PARTICIPATORYBUDGETIN

G?10(Karsten 2011, Brodie et al. 2009, Cornwall 2008)

Participation models’ maze


DoxaPlato

EpistemeXXI Century Social Sciences?

Aristotle


Who?

How?

Where?

Why?

What?

What for?

When?

Much research and academics

In whose interest?

Aristotle

Episteme

Techné

Phronesis

XXI Century Social Sciences?


NoneLowMediumHigh

1. WHAT?

Others[20,15, 7]

NoneLowMediumHigh

Participate

[0, 0, 0]Self-SelectionRepresentative Sel. Mech.Inclusive Sel. Mech.Selected by ElectionsArbitrary Selection

Decision MakersSponsorsFacilitators

--


Non-Participation


Conflict

PeriodicContinuous

Functional Inst.Organic Inst.

5. WHO? Affected and involved Actors

2. WHEN? eg: Phase within Policy Cycle

3. WHERE? Institutionalization LevelSporadicEpisodic

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

MONITORING& EVALUATION

POLICY FORMULATION

AGENDA SETTING

DECISION MAKING

Political Actors[15, 13, 11]

Corporate Actors

[10, 2, 1]

Civil Soc. & Citizenry

Influence

Affected

Transparency4. HOW?

Deliberativeness

6. Delegated Control5. Delegated Power4. Collaboration

3. Advice2. Consultation1. Information0. Manipulation1. Legitimate coercion2. Illegal Duress

Intensity of Collaboration

Transparency Cliff

min.

max.

SIX Dimensions of Participatory Schemasβeta


NoneLowMediumHigh

1. WHAT?

Others[20,15, 7]

NoneLowMediumHigh

Participate

[0, 0, 0]Self-SelectionRepresentative Sel. Mech.Inclusive Sel. Mech.Selected by ElectionsArbitrary Selection

Decision MakersSponsorsFacilitators

--


Non-Participation


Conflict

PeriodicContinuous

Functional Inst.Organic Inst.

5. WHO? Affected and involved Actors

2. WHEN? eg: Phase within Policy Cycle

3. WHERE? Institutionalization LevelSporadicEpisodic

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

MONITORING& EVALUATION

POLICY FORMULATION

AGENDA SETTING

DECISION MAKING

Political Actors[15, 13, 11]

Corporate Actors

[10, 2, 1]

Civil Soc. & Citizenry

Influence

Affected

Transparency4. HOW?

Deliberativeness

6. Delegated Control5. Delegated Power4. Collaboration

3. Advice2. Consultation1. Information0. Manipulation1. Legitimate coercion2. Illegal Duress

Intensity of Collaboration

Transparency Cliff

min.

max.

6. WHY? WHAT FOR? IN WHOSE INTEREST?

SIX Dimensions of Participatory Schemasβeta

Thank you!!

Dr. Pedro Prieto MartínComputer Science Dept, Universidad de Alcalá (ES)

Founder of CitYsens


Newcastle upon Tyne

[email protected]

Get the paper at: http://bit.ly/participation-schemasOther stuff: http://bit.ly/prieto-martin

mailto:[email protected]





Participation SchemasA tool to characterize


Dr. Pedro Prieto MartínComputer Science Dept., Universidad de Alcalá

Founder of CitYsens


Newcastle upon Tyne

Back-up Slides


Participation =1/5 of Deliberation +1/4 of Manipulation +

plenty of Politics as usual(ie: a continuous struggle for power and (un)accountability)

Knowledge vs Reality




Clientelism

Paternalism

Patrimonialism

Nepotism

Burocratism

Obscurantism

Autoritarism

Coronelismo

Cronyism(Gérson’s Law)

PARTICIPATORYBUDGETIN

G

POLITICAL CULTURE

19



Violence

AnalphabetismRacism

Disaffection

Inequality

Geographic dispersion

Exclusion

SOCIAL CONTEXT

Shortage

Social disintegration

PRESUPUESTO

PARTICIPATIVO

20





Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetinginstrumental


Preparative Regional and

Social Segments Assemblies

Decision-Making Regional

Assemblies (“Deliberativas”)

Mayor’s Office (MO)

Municipal Budget

Investment Plan

Regional Delegates Forums

Council of the Participatory

Budgeting(COP)

PB Actions

Plan

Participatory Budgeting

Office

Municipal Organisms

& Departmen

ts

Regional Executive

Offices

Executive Power

Legislative Power

PB – “People’s Power”

Popular Councils

Unions

Neighbour Assoc.

other Social

Movements Public Workers in

all Public Agencies

Administrative Power

Citizenry - Electorate

Municipal Leg.

Chamber

Big Companies (private or semi-public)

Economic Power

ElectionsNegotiationDecisions

Citizens

KEY

Mayor

23

♣

♣

♣

♣

♣

♣ MO Strong Influence