BY :-ANAS HARUNA INDABAWADEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY

SHIATS.

INTRODUCTIONAbout 2000 years ago, Hippocrates correctly

emphasized “Let food be your medicine and medicine

be your food". Currently there is an increased global

interest due to the recognition that “nutraceuticals” play

a major role in health enhancement. The term

"Nutraceutical" was coined by combining the terms

"Nutrition" and "Pharmaceutical" in 1989 by Dr

Stephen Defelice, Chairman of the Foundation for

Innovation in Medicine.

“Nutraceutical” is any substance that may be

considered as a food or part of food and provides

medical or health benefits, encompassing,

prevention and treatment of diseases.

Such products may range from isolated

nutrients, dietary supplements and diets to

genetically engineered "designer" foods, herbal

products and processed foods such as cereals,

soups and beverages.

NUTRACEUTICALS AND DISEASESNutraceuticals have been claimed to have a

physiological benefit or provide protection against the following diseases(and/or found to act as)

Cardiovascular agents

Anti-obese agents

Anti-diabetics

Anticancer agents

Immune boosters

Chronic inflammatory disorders

Degenerative diseases

1.Cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the

name for the group of disorders of the heart

and blood vessels and include hypertension

(high blood pressure), coronary heart disease

(heart attack), cerebrovascular disease (stroke),

heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, etc.

Flavonoids are widely distributed in onion, cruciferous vegetables, black grapes, grapefruits, apples, cherries and berries. All these plays an important role in curing cardiovascular diseases.

Milk and eggs are the important animal sources of nutraceuticals, like proteins and polyunsaturated fats or essential fatty acids (EFAs). EFAs are required for production and rebuilding of cells, to reduce blood pressure, lower cholesterol and triglycerides,

Apple

Grapes Cherry

Onion

Milk

Egg

2- ObesityObesity, defined as an unhealthy amount of

body fat. It is a well-established risk factor for

many disorders like angina pectoris, congestive

heart failure, myocardial infarction ,

hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, respiratory

disorders, renal vein thrombosis, osteoarthritis,

cancer, reduced fertility etc.

One of the primary causes of rapid rise in obesity

rates is the increased availability of high-fat,

energy-dense foods.

A healthy diet can help in the following cases:

– Low fat diet may reduce the risk of heart

disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.

– A diet rich in fruits and vegetables provides

antioxidants (vitamins C, E and beta-carotene)

that protect the body against damage from free

radicals and reduces the risk of heart disease.

– Omega-3 and Omega-6, which are contained

in polyunsaturated fats (flax seeds, soybeans,

nuts and fish), may have a protective effect

against heart disease caused by obesity

Flax seed Soybeans

3- DiabetesDiabetes mellitus is characterized by

abnormally high levels of blood glucose, either

due to insufficient insulin production, or due to

its ineffectiveness.

In other words, we can say that diabetes is

a continual metabolic disorder that prevents the

body from utilizing glucose totally or partially.

Causes of Diabetes

-Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is mostly

outcome of a virus-initiated autoimmune destruction

of beta cells in the pancreas.

-Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can be

inherited and surface up with age or factors like

obesity, diet, lifestyle, inactivity, etc.

following are some dietary remedies to keep

control for diabetes like: beans, fish, citrus paradisi,

indian goose berry, string bean pod tea, red grape

fruit, blue berry, etc.

Citrus paradasi Beans

Indian gooseberry

4- CancerIn the year 2000, malignant tumours were

responsible for 12 percent of the nearly 56 million

deaths worldwide from all causes. According to the

World Cancer report, cancer rates would be 15 million

new cases in the year 2020 i.e. a rise in 50%. Cancer

has emerged as a major public health problem in

developing countries.

Cancer is a group of diseases involving

abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or

spread to other parts of the body.

Dietary recommendations for cancer

prevention typically include an emphasis on

vegetables, fruit, whole grains and fish, and an

avoidance of processed red meat (beef, pork,

lamb), animal fats, and refined carbohydrates.

People who consume large amount of

lutein-rich foods such as chicken eggs, spinach,

tomatoes, oranges and leafy greens experienced

the lowest incidence of colon cancer.

SpinachTomatoes

CabbageFish

CONCLUSIONNutraceuticals are currently receiving

recognition as being beneficial in coronary heart

disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis and other

chronic and degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's

and Alzheimer's diseases. Evidences indicate that the

mechanistic actions of natural compounds involve a

wide array of biological processes, including activation

of antioxidant defences , signal transduction pathways,

cell proliferation and differentiation and preservation of

mitochondrial integrity.

REFERENCES: Brower V. Nutraceuticals: poised for a healthy slice of the

healthcare market? Nat Biotechnol. 199; 16: 728-731.

Eskin N A M and Tamir S Dictionary of Nutraceuticalsand Functional Foods, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA. 2006.

Rajesekaran A, Sivagnanam G, Xanvier R; Nutraceuticals

as therapeutic agents;2008.

Temple WJ and Gladwin KK. Fruits, vegetables, and the.

Prevention of cancer: Research challenges. Nutrition.

2003; 19: 467-470.

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