NISTEP Science Map 2014

Science Map 2014

Masatsura IGAMI

National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP)Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,

Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan

©NISTEP 2016. All Rights Reserved 2

Science Map 2014: Mapping “Hot” Research Areas

• Science map shows the interrelationships among research areas (RAs) where there is active research today.

• The RAs are generated by grouping the top 1% of highly cited papers, using co-citation analysis.

• The map covers papers published from 2009 to 2014.

• A total of 844 RAs were identified in the science map 2014.

(New challenges)• Analysis of linkages between science

maps and technology.

• A trial analysis of linkages between science maps and funding organizations using acknowledgement information.

Data sources: NISTEP conducted analyses based on Essential Science Indicators (NISTEP version) and Web of Science XML (SCIE, as of the end of 2015).

Core papers20 or more

0

Science Map 2014

Cancer research

Research on cardiovascular disease

Research on infectious diseases

Gene expression control and regenerative medicine

Research on brain and neurological diseases

Research on psychiatric disease

Plant and microbiological research

Environment (Research on ecological system)

Environment (Research on climate change)

Intersection of biological mechanism and nano-scale

phenomena

Chemical synthesis

Nanoscience (Chemistry)

Nanoscience (Physics)

Particle physics and cosmology

Quantum solid state physics

Research on immunology

Nanoscience (Physics)

©NISTEP 2016. All Rights Reserved

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02 08 14 02 08 14 02 08 14 02 08 14 02 08 14 02 08 14

Cove

rage

of h

ot re

sear

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reas

(p

erce

ntag

e)

Cove

rage

of h

ot re

sear

ch a

reas

(num

ber) Coverage of hot research area (number)

Coverage of hot research area (percentage) [right axis]

41%

32%

42%

21%12%

9%

Changes in the coverage of RAs in which Japan, the UK, Germany, China, and Korea have participated

The participation in a research area is determined by whether a core paper of a target country is included in a research area.

The world JPN GBR DEU CHN KOR

• Japan’s coverage of hot RAs in number remains almost flat since 2008. However, the coverage of hot RAs in percentage has been declining due to the expansion of the number of hot RAs in the world.

• China and Korea have been increasing the coverage of hot RAs.

3Data sources: NISTEP conducted analyses based on Essential Science Indicators (NISTEP version) and Web of Science XML

(SCIE, as of the end of 2015).


150

8,698154

2,751198

4,174342

2,945

0%

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20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

All RAs(844) All core papers (18,568)Continent type Peninsula typeIsland type Small island type

Balance of the number of RAs and the number of core papers by Sci-GEO type (science map

2014)

• RAs: Among 844 hot RAs observed in the science map 2014, small island and continent type RAs account for 40% (342 RAs) and around 20% (150 RAs) of RAs, respectively.

• Core papers: Small island and continent type RAs account for around 20% and 50% of core papers, respectively.

Small research areasSmaller community, lower level of competition

40% of RAs and around 20% of core papers

Dynamic changes (around 60% of them are not observed in the next map)

Transition to the island type (around 30%) Transition to the continent type (around 10%)

Large research areasLarger community, higher level of competition

Around 20% of RAs and around 50% of core papers

Stable Transition to the island type (around 10%) Continue as the continent type (around 60%)

Small island type

Continent type

Categorization of RAs by Sci-GEO chart



Continuity from the previous science map[Time]

Cognitive linkage with other RAs[Cognitive space]

NO YES

StrongW

eak

Continent type

Small island type

Island type

Peninsula type

Science Map

Sci-GEO Chart（Chart represents geographical characteristics of Research Areas on

Science Map）


• In the science map 2014, clear difference between Japan and the world in the Sci-GEO chart balance is seen.

• The percentage of small-island type RAs has been increasing in China in past 10 years, while no remarkable change in the Sci-GEO chart balance in Japan and Korea.

Sci-GEO chart balance of Japan and benchmarking countries

Balance of each Sci-GEO type in Scinece Map 2004

Balance of each Sci-GEO type in Scinece Map 2014



18% 19% 23% 26%32%

25%35%

18% 19%18% 17%

20%21%

21%23% 24%25% 26%

24%22%

21%

41% 38% 34% 32%24%

32%24%

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100%

ALL(844)

USA(764)

GBR(531)

DEU(465)

JPN(274)

CHN(356)

KOR(174)

20% 21%28% 29% 30% 33% 37%

21% 21%19%

23% 22%26%

23%24% 24%

25%22% 22% 14%

19%

35% 34% 29% 26% 26% 27%21%

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ALL(626)

USA(596)

GBR(355)

DEU(343)

JPN(243)

CHN(113)

KOR(78)


Number Percentage

Science map 2002 598 15,410 8,007 52.0% 14.8Science map 2004 626 15,531 7,597 48.9% 13.3Science map 2006 687 15,165 7,040 46.4% 11.3Science map 2008 647 15,826 6,251 39.5% 8.4Science map 2010 765 17,822 5,664 31.8% 5.9Science map 2012 823 18,515 4,176 22.6% 4.4Science map 2014 844 18,568 2,145 11.6% 3.0

Number Percentage

Science map 2002 598 449,282 100,873 22.5% 6.0Science map 2004 626 475,697 97,194 20.4% 5.4Science map 2006 687 510,747 86,924 17.0% 4.6Science map 2008 647 544,175 70,406 12.9% 3.7Science map 2010 765 617,545 54,126 8.8% 2.9Science map 2012 823 675,158 32,266 4.8% 2.3Science map 2014 844 768,255 11,245 1.5% 1.8

Citation frequency as of the end of2015 to papers composing eachscience map

ResearchAreas

Citing papers

Citing papers cited by patentdocuments

Citationfrequency (per

paper)

Citation frequency as of the end of2015 to papers composing eachscience map

ResearchAreas

Core papers

Core papers cited by patentdocuments

Citationfrequency (per

paper)

[New] Linkage between core/citing papers and patent documents

Percentage of papers cited by patent documents (A) ： Core ＞ CitingCitation frequency from patent documents (per paper) (B) ： Core ＞ Citing➔ Scientific papers that lead research areas also attract wider awareness from technology.

Technical note 1: Citation frequency from patent documents to core/citing papers is as of the end of 2015. Older science maps get more citations, therefore the citation frequency in difference maps are not comparable.

Technical note 2: Patent ducuments include both patent applications and registered patents. Citations by inventors and exmaminors are not distingwished.Data sources: NISTEP conducted analyses based on Essential Science Indicators (NISTEP version) and Web of Science XML (SCIE, as of the end of 2015). Informatin of patent

publications were retrived by Derwent Innovation Index (as of the end of 2015) and PATSTAT (2015 Autum version), the EPO's statistical database for patents.

(A) (B)

Linkage bewteen core/citing papers and patent documents

Core

Citing

6

[Side view of RAs,Analogy to a mountain]

Core papers(Top1% highly cited)

Citing papers(Top10% highly cited)

Citing papers


Categorization by the Sci-GEO type shows differences in the Sci-GEO type balance depending on the funding organizations.

Small island type (%): Largest in JSPS, smallest in NEDO.Continent type (%): Largest in NEDO, smallest in JSPS.

[New] Link science map to funding organizations using acknowledge information (a trial analysis)

Technical note 1: Results of a trial analysis. The following difficulties limit analyses of funding organizations based on acknowledge information. 1) There are often the cases where the contribution of the public funds are not mentioned in acknowledgement (no guidelines are provided by the funding organizations), 2) inconsistency between the funding organizations and funding programs, 3) even if contribution of public funds are mentioned, their spellings are not standardized.

Technical note 2: Due to above mentioned limitation, public funds of each ministry/agency and public funding organization include various programs/initiatives. For example, MEXT includes programs such as "21st century COE program," "Global COE program," "World Premier International Research Center (WPI) Initiative," "Academic Frontier Project for Private Universities." A part of Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research for which the MEXT is responsible is also included in the MEXT.

Data sources: NISTEP conducted analyses based on Essential Science Indicators (NISTEP version) and Web of Science XML (SCIE, as of the end of 2015).

Sci-GEO type balance in major funding organizations in Japan (Citing papers top10%)

7

13.8%

17.2%

20.0%

20.5%

22.7%

18.4%

17.7%

18.7%

22.4%

20.2%

20.7%

25.4%

23.9%

24.3%

25.0%

47.1%

39.7%

37.4%

32.7%

32.1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

New Energy and Industrial TechnologyDevelopment Organization (NEDO)(87)

Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)(232)

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare(MHLW)(155)

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,Science and Technology (MEXT)(419)

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)(392)

13.8%

17.2%

20.0%

20.5%

22.7%

18.4%

17.7%

18.7%

22.4%

20.2%

20.7%

25.4%

23.9%

24.3%

25.0%

47.1%

39.7%

37.4%

32.7%

32.1%

0% 50% 100%

New Energy and Industrial Technology…

Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)(232)

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare…

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science…

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science…

Small island type

Island typePeninsula typeContinent type


Scientific knowledge has been expanding over 10 years.Rising of emerging economy, emerging of new science, etc.

Japan’s coverage shows relative decline, higher weight on the continent type RAs.

China and Korea expand their coverage on the science map. Increasing weight on small island and island type RAs in the Sci-GEO chart balance in China.

Excellences in science also have impacts on development of technology.

Acknowledge information is a candidate to trace impacts of public funds on the evolution of science, however limitations exist in the current stage.

Summary

8


[Supplemental] Core papers with high citation frequency from patent documents

Among the top 5 core papers in the citation frequency from patent documents in each of the science maps 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012 (totally 20 core papers), Japanese core papers occupy 11 out of 20 (Seven core papers without duplication).

9

Technical note 1: Patent ducuments include both patent applications and registered patents. Citations by inventors and exmaminors are not distingwished.Data sources: NISTEP conducted analyses based on Essential Science Indicators (NISTEP version) and Web of Science XML (SCIE, as of the end of 2015). Informatin of patent

publications were retrived by Derwent Innovation Index (as of the end of 2015) and PATSTAT (2015 Autum version), the EPO's statistical database for patents.

Title of the publication Publicationyear Journal

Correspondingauthor

Affiliations

Year of the sciencemap (rank in the

citation frequency frompatent documents)

1Thin-film transistor fabricated in single-crystalline transparent oxidesemiconductor

2003 SCIENCE Nomura, KTokyo Institute ofTechnology; JSTERATO, Japan

2006(4th)2008(2nd)

2Transparent thin film transistors using ZnO as an active channel layer andtheir electrical properties

2003 JOURNAL OFAPPLIED PHYSICS Masuda, S

Konica MinoltaMechatronicsCo.,Ltd., Japan

2006(5th)2008(3rd)

3Room-temperature fabrication of transparent flexible thin-film transistors usingamorphous oxide semiconductors

2004 NATURE Hosono, HTokyo Institute ofTechnology; JSTERATO, Japan

2006(3rd)2008(1st)

4Amorphous oxide semiconductors for high-performance flexible thin-filmtransistors

2006

JAPANESE JOURNAL OFAPPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEFCOMMUNICATIONS & REVIEWPAPERS

Nomura, KTokyo Institute ofTechnology; JSTERATO, Japan

2010(2nd)

5Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by definedfactors

2007 CELL Yamanaka, S Kyoto University,Japan

2010(5th)2012(2nd)

6 Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells 2007 NATURE Yamanaka, S Kyoto University,Japan 2012(4th)

7 Defect energetics in ZnO: A hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional study 2008 PHYSICAL REVIEWB Oba, F Kyoto University,

Japan 2010(3rd)