Upload
lendl-monterola
View
466
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Carolina Bosch MorenoChemical Engineer and Nanotechnologist
NANOPARTICLES FOR DRUG DELIVERY
Carolina Bosch MorenoChemical Engineer and Nanotechnologist
Source; www.sacit.com
ProtoLife, Srl a chemical-biotechnological company located at Parco Vega, Marghera-Venezia (Italy)
ProtoLife develops methods for designing complex chemical systems, such as liposomes
SUMMARY
• Nanomedicine. A promising field of nanotechnology
What is nanotechnology?
• What they are• Nanoparticles types
Nanoparticles:
Drug delivery. The concept
• Liposomes• Polymeric nanoparticles
Nanoparticles for drug delivery
CONCLUSIONS
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
“There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom”.- R. Feynmann
In 1959 R. Feynmann gave a talk considering the manipulation of individual atoms to build-up systems. It is considered the beginning of nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating matter on an atomic scale. It opens the possibility of creating machines on the scale of molecules such as computers, engines and others
• Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to medicine. It is at an early stage but it is supposed to develop constantly.
• Nanotechnologies have already transformed genetic and biological analysis through devices that examine molecular biomarkers. This opens the way to a personalized medicine.
• Nanomedicine is a promising field of nanotechnology as it is a non invasive tools for diagnostic imaging, tumor detection and drug delivery, because of the unique properties of nanoparticles.
• It also presents new opportunities to improve the safety and efficacy of conventional therapeutics.
NANOMEDICINEA PROMISING FIELD OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
SpecialFeatures
Size
• With at least 1 dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nm. They have novel properties such as improved solubility, increased bioavailability or longer circulation time.
Shape• spheres, discs,
hemispheres, cylinders, cones, tubes and wires provide interactivity and transport capabilities
Permeability
SurfaceArea
Nanotechnology is the science of materials and phenomena in the range of 1 to 100 nm in diameter. Though nanomaterials can have unique properties even in sizes up to several hundred nanometers
3 nm thick layer on AlNnanoparticles
Silver nanorods
•This property is highly increased, enabling nanoparticles to cross physiological barriers to deliver drugs
•A large parameter relative to its size, converting the nanoparticles in a more reactive and bioavailable system
NANOPARTICLES
NANOPARTICLES TYPESLI
POSO
MES
spherical vesicles often designed to carry biomolecules.
POLY
ME
RIC
PA
RTI
CLE
Sdue to the existance of safety and efficacy data they are widely used in nanomedical research.
QU
ANTU
M D
OTS they are
semiconductor nanocrystals used in electronics, optics and nanomedical research.
481 508 547 575
Quantum dots
NANOPARTICLES TYPESC
ARB
ON
N
ANO
TUB
ES spherical
vesicles often designed to carry biomolecules.
NANOPARTICLES TYPESSU
PER
MAG
NET
IC
IRO
N O
XID
E N
ANO
PAR
TIC
LES used as
nontargeted contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.
POLY
MER
IC
PAR
TIC
LES due to the
existance of safety and efficacy data they are widely used in nanomedical research.
Drug delivery. The concept.
Drug delivery makes reference to the transport of a pharmaceutical substance in the body to produce a therapeutic effect.
Some of the important parameters to consider are the quantity and duration of the drug inside the body. As it is also frequent that the drug is targeted to a specific site of the body, the formulation becomes a critic characteristic to design.
Drugs or diagnostic compounds can be attached
to nanoparticles which allows to administer them
more easily and with greater bioavailability than
when given by traditional methods. After the
active ingredients have been attached to, or
incorporated into, the nanoparticles, the drug is
transported to their specific targets.
Nanoparticles can also be used to extend the time window of bioavailability (sustained delivery) and protect the drug from chemical or enzymatic decomposition, e.g., in the gastro-intestinal tract. After reaching their target, the drug is released from the nanoparticles by diverse mechanisms.
Liposomes
Some types of nanoparticles for drug delivery
Polymeric Nanoparticles
LIPOSOMESLiposomes are synthetic nanoparticles composed primarily of amphiphilic molecules, typically phospholipids.
These molecules have a polar head and a long hydrocarbon chain
These molecules have a polar head and a long hydrocarbon chain
www.ups.edu
Image of a spherical liposome marked with a fluorescent dye.
Liposome Properties
• their relative ease of preparation.
• broad selection and control of their properties.
• biocompatibility and biodegradability
Advantages
• mainly related to stability, sterility, reproducibility of preparation and scale-up.
Disadvantages
They circulate in the bloodstream for an extended time
They are similar to human cell membranes
They accumulate at the site of a tumor or infection
They are similar to human cell membranes
What are polymeric particles?They are solid matrixes where the bioactive molecule can be internally dispersed or adsorbed on their surface
Size:1-100 nm nanoparticles1-100 µm microparticles
• Protect
bioactive
molecule
from
degradation
• Increase
stability
• Lower
dose
(reduction
of toxic
effects)
• Tissue-
specific
deliver
• Tailor-
made
(size,
chemistry)
• Easy to
produce
• Inexpensive •Safe
Advantages of polymeric delivery systems for the delivery of bioactive molecules
PLGA microspheres degradation
CONCLUSIONS
Some of the most interesting applications of
nanotechnology are on the medicine field.
Micro and nanoparticles are highly useful to deliver drugs in a very specific way with lower toxicity and improved bioavailability.
Nanoparticles can be of different types, being some of them polymeric particles and liposomes.
Carolina Bosch MorenoChemical Engineer and Nanotechnologist
THANK YOU!