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Theme 3 Managing Priority Pest & Diseases of RTB Crops
James Legg & Theme 3 Team
RTB Annual Planning Meeting
December 8-10, Lima, Peru
Research Highlights
Overview
James Legg
Development and registration of AdiosMacho-Po and AdiosMacho-St:
a new public-private-partnership for the benefit of small scale potato
farmers
Jürgen Kroschel
RTB-led international alliance for banana bunchy top disease control
in Africa: progress and prospects
Lava Kumar
CROSS-CUTTING
Complementary Projects: The Framework
for Cross-Center Collaboration
Project Lead Center RTB Partners Other
Partners
Location
Degenerative
Diseases
CIP Bioversity,
CIAT, IITA
NRI, KSU/UF,
Aarrhus Univ.,
NARS
Global
Pest Risk
Assessment
CIP Bioversity,
CIAT, IITA
FERA, CABI,
OSU, NARS
Great Lakes
Region of E
Africa
Banana
Bunchy Top
Virus
Bioversity IITA, CIRAD NARS East, Central,
West Africa
Predicting the Effects of Seed Degeneration Sara Thomas et al
23/9/2015 https://yanruxing.shinyapps.io/SDAppvX1
https://yanruxing.shinyapps.io/SDAppvX1 1/1
Init ial proportion of healthy seed
(1=only healthy seed used, 0=only
infected seed used)
1
External inoculum around farm
(50=high level of external inoculum,
0=absence of external inoculum)
5
Maximum seasonal transmission
rate (Maximum rate of disease
transmission during the season
when there are no limitations for
disease to spread)
0,02
Weather conduciveness for disease
(1=highly disease conducive
weather, 0=weather completely
restricts disease spread)
0,8
shinyapps.io Powered by
Pest Risk Assessment and Climate Change Impacts Target Sites along Altitudinal Gradients
Rusizi Basin, Burundi
Climate gradient Burundi, Rusizi Basin: 900 to 2600 m asl Rwanda, Ruhengeri: 1400 to 2600 m asl
BXW & Fusarium wilt
CMD, CBSD &
whiteflies
Altitude Effects on RTB Pest/Diseases
Collaboration to model pest/disease risk
Cropland connectivity as a risk factor for invasion and saturation by pathogens and pests: the case of banana, cassava, potato, sweetpotato, and yam
John Hernandez Nopsa et al. - 2015
PRA Training – Oct 8-16: Kigali, Rwanda
PRA Draft Documents Completed for: • Tuta absoluta
• Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW)
• Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense TR4
• Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV)
• Cassava Brown Streak Viruses (CBSVs)
BBTD management: Pilot sites and stages of recovery
Pilot sites set up
in 8 countries
Understanding gender relations in banana cropping systems and their implications
for BBTD management
Gender distribution of tasks • Land clearing: Mostly men (Burundi
64%) • Weeding: Mostly women (DRC 87%) • Many activities: Men and women
Knowledge of BBTD • Very low among both men and women • In Gabon over 80% men and women not
able to accurately identify BBTD
Community mobilization for BBTD control • Women play a key role in Nigeria
Cross-sectional study carried out by gender specialists using standard protocol in all 7 pilot sites
Nematode damage to yam: Meloidogyne spp.
Meloidogyne spp. View under light microscope of extract from infected yam peel (e), Juvenile(f), Juvenile anteror end (g)
e
f
g
Galled tubers
Nematode damage to yam: Scutellonema bradys
Scutellonema bradys View under light microscope of extract from yam peels (a), Male (b) female (c), Female anterior end (d)
a
b c d
Dry rotted tubers
Species composition of 42 samples of Meloidogyne
populations isolated from yam in Nigeria
3% 2%
70%
14%
2% 7%
2%
M. arenaria
M. enterolobii
M. incognita
M. javanica
M. arenaria & M.
incognita
M. enterolobii & M.
incognita
M. enterolobii, M.
incognita & M. javanica
This is a first report of Meloidogyne enterolobii on yam
Management of Yam Nematodes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ame Ame Dan Akuki Ame Dan Akuki Pepa Ame Dan
Ilorin Kwali - Abuja G/lada - Abuja Kubwa - Abuja
Tu
ber w
eig
ht (K
g)
varieties within the sites
Tuber weight of seed yam varieties produced from treated and untreated setts in Ilorin and Abuja
Treated
Untreated
Farmer treatment
(wood ash) Pesticide
Visualizing CWB distribution
CWB impact on cassava yields
J. Legg - IITA
Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease (CMD)
CMD – Lake Zone, Tanzania
Cassava Virus Pandemics in Africa
Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD)
Whitefly Vector (Bemisia tabaci)
Phytosanitation to Control CBSD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CB
SD
In
cid
en
ce
(%
)
10 PRG
farmers
10 SRG
farmers
CBSD Clean Seed Systems Community Action
The Fruits of Effective CBSD Management
Improved Local
Virus-free cv. Mkombozi: Chato Community phytosanitation yield data: Mkuranga
Chato
Mkuranga
Introduction of virus-free CBSD-tolerant
varieties to communities in Lake and Coast Zones
Chato
• CBSD incidence < 10% after 3 seasons
• 110% yield increase cw local material
Management of banana Xanthomonas wilt
(BXW)
Regional Approach to
BXW Containment and Control
Diagnostic tools for BXW detection and surveillance
Appropriate refinement and scaling
models
Best practices for
producing disease-free
planting material Gender
sensitive cultural
practices for field
eradication of BXW
Resistant and
infection-escaping varieties
National BXW
containment and control strategies
and measures
BXW Field
Detection:
How the
Lateral Flow
Device works
District 0 plant 1-20 plants 20-100 plants >100 plants
Baseline
August
2012
Jan 2013 August
2012
Jan 2013 August
2012
Jan
2013
August
2012
Jan
2013
Mbarara 0 97
55 188
130 0
100 0
Isingiro 0 20
0 180
0 0
200 0
Ntungamo 0 1
0 67
58 0
10 0
Rubirizi 0 17
0 170
155 0
32 0
Sheema 0 15
7 50
95 0
56 0
Buhweiju 0 33
19 66
30 0
50 0
Kiruhura 0 6
0 83
50 61
100 0
Mitooma 0 0
0 12
90 88
20 0
Ibanda 0 0
15 71
56 25
35 10
Bushenyi 0 0
0 23
90 70
12 9
Impact: Effect of cultural practices
on BXW disease incidence
Future Perspectives
Programme Structure. Themes to FPs.
Two complementary projects (PRA and
BBTV) fall within FP3, one (Degen.
Diseases) is in FP2
Most of the current Theme 3 portfolio will
be housed under FP3
Greatest challenge.
Resources. Is there scope for greater
cross-centre discussion about resource
mobilization? Site integration as a focus?
Acknowledgements
Jürgen Kroschel Kris Wyckhuys
Lava Kumar
Charles Staver
Eldad Karamura Greg Forbes Kiddo Mtunda
Donors & Partners
Danny Coyne Norbert Maroya