NEW BUSINESS MODELS AND OPPORTUNITIESTHE CASE OF THE MAKER MOVEMENTDAVID LANGLEY david.langley@tno.nl8th European Innovation SummitEuropean Parliament, Brussels, 16 November 2016Joint Institute For Innovation Policy Annual Symposium: The Effect Of Digitisation On Society

If you don’t like it, don’t just complain.Offer real alternatives and compete!

Contents• The MAKE-IT project• Opportunities and threats of the Maker Movement• Economic impact• Social impact

• Implications for Innovation Policy

Multidisciplinary research into the Maker Movement

About MAKE-IT

• January 2016 – December 2017• Partner Organizations:

From bits to atoms

Het MAKE-IT project: focus

CAPS: Collective awareness platforms

About MAKE-IT

• Case studies of ten maker initiatives• Innovation Action Research

What is the role of digitization in the Maker Movement?

• Free access to high-tech design and production facilities• Collaborative technologies• Sensor networks: becoming more aware of the

environment and our effect on it• Making data comprehensible• Leading to:

• Realization that a different production paradigm is possible• Change towards responsible behaviour• Citizen participation, creativity and empowerment• Political / economic change?

Will the Maker Movement succeed where the Arts and Crafts movement failed?

• Evgeny Morozov: The Arts and Crafts movement failed• Too much time on “rag-rugs, baskets, and . . . exhibitions of work chiefly

by amateurs” • No political dimension demanding equality• Spirit of labor reform became simply D.I.Y. tinkering

• We observe anti-establishment culture in the Maker Movement• Parallels with Donald Trump’s election, European anti-EU Sentiment like

Brexit• Basis is sharing• Citizens in control• Rejection of neo-liberal capitalism: Trickle-down turns out to be trickle-up• E.g. FabLab Zagreb wants to move away from university

• Will Makers push for political and legal reforms? • Transparency and decentralization of power – and data • Diametrically opposite to TTIP

Economic impact:The Maker Mindset• Sharing economy• Sharing knowledge, designs, components, • Tension between sharing and commercialization• Sharing sensor data

• Who uses what?• Who is responsible for pollution?

• Everything as a service

Environmental impact of the Maker Movement• Circular economy• Recycling• Design for repair• Let value flow (not be hoarded)

• Everything as a service• Producer remains owner• Onus on producer:

• To make efficient use of raw materials• To design for repair • To produce durable components

Implications for Innovation Policy• Great boost of skills and competences needed• ICT, design, technology

• Discourage ownership and hoarding• Stimulate business models based on usage and

sharing, e.g. pay-per-use• Who owns the usage data?• What (or who) is the product?• What is the European alternative to US advertising

model?