ANALYSIS OF THE GINGIVAL BIOTYPE

BASED ON THE MEASUREMENT OF THE

DENTOPAPILLARY COMPLEX

Ranjan Malhotra et al , J Indian Soc Periodontol

2014;18:43-7

INTRODUCTION• Periodontal biotype or phenotype is of fundamental importance to an oral

clinician because the anatomical characteristics of the periodontium, such as gingival thickness, gingival width & alveolar bone morphology, will determine the behaviour of periodontium when submitted to physical, chemical or bacterial insult or during therapeutic procedures.

Crown width/height

Papilla height

Gingival thickness

Gingival width

Gingival biotype refers to a composite or aggregate of four features of the soft tissues and the teeth they surround that build up to a specific picture by Sammut

To get insight into the association/relation between gingival biotype and the dentopapillary complex if any significant determinants can be

objectively defined to classify the biotype.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

50 Subjects were selected from outpatient• Department Of Periodontology And Oral Implantology, National Dental

College And Hospital, Derabassi

INCLUSION CRITERIA

healthy periodontal tissues with no loss of attachment and

presence of all anterior teeth in both upper and lower jaw were selected

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

crown restorations or fillings involving the incisal edge on anterior maxillary teeth,

pregnant and lactating females,

subjects taking medications with any known effect on the periodontal soft tissues,

volunteers with clinical signs of periodontal disease defined as having pockets >3 mm

GINGIVAL THICKNESS

THIN BIOTYPETHICK BIOTYPE

ALGINATE IMPRESSION Crown length

Crown width

Papillary height

Papillary width

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

SPSS software.

RESULTS:• CROWN LENGTH:• 7.9mm – 12mm: THIN BIOTYPE• 6mm-10.5mm: THICK BIOTYPE

• CROWN WIDTH:• 6mm-11.5mm: THIN BIOTYPE• 6mm-9.5mm: THICK BIOTYPE

• PAPILLARY LENGTH:• 3.3mm –6mm: THIN BIOTYPE• 3mm-6mm: THICK BIOTYPE

• PAPILLARY WIDTH:• 4.3mm-7mm: THIN BIOTYPE• 3.5mm-6.3mm: THICK

BIOTYPE

DISCUSSIONIn recent years, the dimensions of different parts of the masticatory mucosa, especially gingival thickness, has become the subject of considerable interest in periodontics from both an epidemiologic and a therapeutic point of view. Vandana K Et Al, 2005

The thickness of the gingiva plays a vital role in development of mucogingival problems and in the success of treatment for recession and wound healing, assessment of gingival thickness is relevant to clinical periodontics

Although the ultrasonographic method of access in gingival thickness is non-invasive, drawbacks included the relative unavailability of the instrument, difficulty in maintaining the directionality of the transducer and non-reliable results when the thickness of gingiva exceeds 2-2.5 mm.

De Rouck et al. (2009), introduced a method to check for the gingival thickness based on the transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin while probing the sulcus at the midfacial aspect of incisors.

Maxillary incisors were selected as reference teeth because differences between biotypes are mostexplicit for these teeth and because their specific features are easily found in other parts of the dentition. Olsson et al, 1993

The results of this discriminant function analysis showed that average crown length was the best single determinant of biotype and area of papilla was the next best choice.

ANAND ET AL, 2012

LEE ET AL, 2013

A thorough understanding of the biotype form of the gingival tissue is mandatory, for a clinician so as to predict the tissue response to various pathologies as wellas before treatment planning, to optimize the final outcome of the periodontal therapy.

•Within the limits of the current investigation, the existence and correlation of different gingival biotypes and dentopapillary complex dimension was confirmed. the results of discriminant function analysis showed that average crown length was the best single determinant of biotype and area of papilla was the next best choice.

• The result of the present study showed that there was highly significant correlation between gingival biotype and crown length and area of papilla. these findings can be utilized as objective guidelines for determining the biotype and response of gingiva to many dental operative procedures