PRESENTATION

ON

INDUCE BREEDING: INDIAN MAJOR CARP FISHES

Brajesh kumar kori M.Sc. 3rd sem

Session 2013-14 e-mail:- brajeshkori@gmail.com

Fish Culture

**When a last growing improved variety of fish having good taste are culture in small and controlled water body under controlled conditions and management is called fish culture.

Aquaculture**Aquaculture is the farming and husbandry

of economically important aquatic animals and plants under controlled conditions.

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Why carp culture and carp fishes?

In India, culture of carp is perfectly point of view because of their short Food chain, but economic too. These fishes can be culture without any problem are generally liked by the consumers, some easily culturable fishes with very successful breeding do attain a metre length with more amount of flesh. Carp fishes are most liked by the farmer as well as consumerbecause of their following characteristics:• These fishes are found in river, lakes, ponds.• They can survive even in the poor quality of water.• They have tolerance for temperature variation.• They feed on phyto and zoo- plankton, debris and decaying organic matter.• They have high growth rate.• They are fit for induced breeding.• They show more resistance to diseases.• Their flesh is palatable, tasty, nutritious and easily digestible. Note:

Carp – fresh water fish often breed for food.3

INDIAN MAJOR CARP FISHES

Catla catla

1. It is largest Indian carp and commonly known as Catla( Hindi).2. Body is elongated broad and stout, measuring more than a metre length.3. Colour blackish grey colour above and silvery on the sides4. Scales are pink or coppery in the center on the dorsal side and whitish below.5. Dorsal profile of the body is more convex, head is large, mouth is wide with

prominent lips.6. It is surface feeder, which feed on small crustaceans, insects, rotifers, algae etc.7. It takes 2 years to get fully mature. It breeds during the months of May to September and lays eggs at the rate of 80,000-1,50,000 per kg body weight.

8. This fish found mainly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Srilanka. 4

INDIAN MAJOR CARP FISHES

Labeo rohita

1. It is most famous carp and commonly known as Rohu( Hindi).2. Body is elongated with rounded abdomen, measure upto1 mtrs in length.3. Colour brownish grey and to black above.4. Scales are large and orange to reddish in colour in the centre.

5. Head is prominent with blunt snout, mouth is transverse and semi-oval, lips thick covering the jaws or both having an inferior transverse fold.

6. It is column feeder but also feeds at the bottom also, adult feed on rotten materials.7. Sexual maturity is obtained in 2 years. This fish breed during in the months of June to August and lays eggs at the rate of 1 to 3 lakh per kg body weight.8. This fish found in northern part of India and apart from India also in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal.

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INDIAN MAJOR CARP FISHES

Cirrhinus mrigala

1. It is also most famous carp and commonly known as Mrigal( Hindi).2. Body is length reaches upto 66cm and weight upto 1.1-2.8 kg.3. Colour of the body is silvery, dark- grey & sometime with coppery tinge.4. Body is covered by large cycloid scales. The scales are absent on head.5. Head is small and the slightly sub-terminal mouth is situated on the lower side of

snout. Barbles small in fold lips6. It is bottom feeder and feeds on algae, rotten plant material and phytoplankton .

8. Cirrhinus mrigala is found through out India.

7. Sexual maturity is obtained in 2 years. This fish lays eggs in rain water filled regions. female lays eggs at the rate of 1,50,000-2,00,000 per kg body weight.

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Identification and selection of brooders

When the breeders are procured from the local tanks, the uninjured healthy breeders are selected in the required proportion and are temporarily stored in the hapas fixed in the same tank till sufficient number of brooder fishes are collected. While selecting the breeders we have to see that:-

a. Healthy and uninjured fish are collected.

b. Breeders should be collected in the proportion of 1:2 female to male ratio.

c. Fishes of almost equal size and weight range are collected.

d. Brooders of more than 1 – 1.3 year of age.

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Identifying characters of brooders

1. Smooth pectoral fin.2. Abdomen is soft and bulging.3. Pinkish vent.4. The vent of fully ripe female is slightly elevated.

1. Rough pectoral fin.2. Abdomen is smooth and not bulging.3. Vent not pinkish.4. Whitish secretion called ‘Milt’ come out on pressing the vent.

Female brooder Male brooder

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BREEDING Natural breedingIn this method, fish breeding is conducted in large, seasonal or perennial ponds,

During monsoon months river like conditions and flow of water is simulated in suchPonds, such type of seasonal ponds are of two types :

a.) Wet bundh :These bundh are situated at the slopes or low lying areas of vast water collecting areas. Water comes into bundh from the upper water collecting areas; heavy rains lead to the filling of the bundh and consequently flow of water stats form the exit gate of the bundh. All this creates river like conditions. Fish seeds produce in this type of bundh are not pure because presence of water throughout the year.

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b.) Dry bundh :This is shallow seasonal pond covered form three sides during monsoon season water is collected in the pond through water collecting areas. Excess water is released out through exit gate. For breeding, mature brooders are released in water after the first rain. During the next rain the water level of the pond rises creates flood like situation which promotes natural breeding in the fishes.

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INDUCE BREEDING: INDIAN MAJOR CARP FISHES

b.) History of induced breeding : The technique of inducedbreeding was first evolved in the Argentina after producing Pituitary extract by Houssay in 1930 . In India, Khan in 1938 on Cirrhinus mrigala using mammalian pituitary gland extract.

a.) Induce breeding : Induced breeding is a technique whereby ripe fish breeders are stimulated by pituitary hormone or any other synthetic hormone introduction to breed in captive condition. The stimulation promotes timely release of sperms and eggs.

c.) Why fish does not breed in captivity : Many cultural farm fishes likes IMC do not breed in captivity. The reason may be environment and consequently hormonal. Certain parameters photoperiods, rain, temperature, current of water influence the the hormonal activity form pituitary and gonads

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d.) Why induced breeding is necessary? : The carp industry is rapidly expanding in India. But shortage of major carp seed is one of the major constraints in the development of this industry. Though the technology of hypophysation is fairly well standardized and is being employed widely, availability, quality and potency of pituitary glands. The technique of induced breeding gives very promising result in fishery point of view due to: • It gives pure eggs of certain species of fishes. • It assures timely available of pure seed. • It can fulfill any quantity of demand of fish seed. • The technique is very simple and does not need too much skill. • The cost of expenditure is very low than the natural collections of spawns(eggs).

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Techniques of induced breeding

a.) Artificial fertilization (stripping) : In this method, sperm and eggs are taken out from the bodies of male and female fishes by stripping method and artificial fertilization is conducted thereafter. There are two method of fertilizing eggs. In the first method milt is poured over the egg and this mixture is left undisturbed for some time to allow fertilization after this water is added in this mixture this known as dry method. In the second method, first of all eggs are kept in water before adding milt to them this known as wet method, which is more useful for the sticky eggs.

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b.) By hormone : In this method hormone is injected in fish body . Hypophysation is the traditional based inducing technique is used. The injection is given intramuscularly(in the muscle) near the tail of the body avoiding the lateral line( lines on the both sides of the fish indicating the position of the line of nerves of the fish) and below to the dorsal fin but above the lateral line. The injection is given intraperitoneal(in the body) at the base of pectoral fin and pelvic fin. some of the major hormone preferred in induced breeding technique are:1. Pituitary gland extract.2. Ova tide(ova parim).3. Ova prim.[ limpy method- Dr. H. R. Lin(China)

and Dr. R. E. Peter(Canada) made. From salmon fish, GnRH and Domperidone taking weight with their combination in non-toxic organic solution] 15

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Method for preparation of pituitary gland extract :1. Collection of pituitary gland: the pituitary gland

of sexually mature fishes are generally used for fish breeding work.2. Removal of pituitary gland: gland is basically removed by two ways, first by dissecting head this technique is not used commercially as because the heads are damaged by this process. Second, removal through foramen magnum.

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1 2

3 418

3. Preservation of gland: the gland after removal needs to be preserved for certain periods or for future use. The glands are taken in absolute alcohol and can be stored in room temperature. The glands is preserved acetone at 10˚C and in glycerine preservation is another technique but less popular.

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4. Preparation of pituitary extract: the preserved glands of known quantity are taken out and macerated in a homogenizer after evaporation of alcohol with little amount of distilled water. Then the extract is freed of suspended particles by means of centrifugation. It is diluted with distilled water or 0.3% saline water or a suitable physiological solution. The extract is not ready to use

5. Preservation of pituitary extract: the extract can also be preserved for future use. In this process in place of saline water, glycerine is used and extract can be preserved in room temperature or in refrigerator. Other methods of preservation are done by propane and trichloro acetic acid.

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Some important point to obtain better seed productioni. The farm should have a good stock of brood fishes.ii. The centre should collect all essential field implements for fish breeding work much before the breeding season.iii. Fish seed or fry should be distributed form the nurseries within 2-3 weeks of rearing to utilize the nursery space for raising 2-3 crops of fish fry.iv. Maintain water quality of nursery pond.

ConclusionAll and all the success in inducing the Indian major carp to breed in

confined water by giving inducing hormone, it would be now possible to meet to a large extent of the requirement of quality fish seed in the country.

Problem of hypophysationi. Storage problem.ii. Skillful hands.iii. Dose management.iv. Availability.

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THANK YOU

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