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Vijay kumar
William His first uses the term hypothalamus in 1893.
Ramon y cajal described connection b/w hypothalamus and posterior pituitory (hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract) in 1894.
Diencephalic structure present ventrally in he brain.
Separated from thalamus by hypothalamic sulcus and medial border is illdefined which separates hypothalamus from subthalamus.
4 grams in weight. Contains clustered set of nuclei which has
diffuse connections with cortex, basal forebrain, limbic structures, brain stem nuclei.
Hypothalamus acts as integrator of autonomic & endocrine functions with behavior.
It was called as head ganglion of autonomic nervous system.
Regulation of five basic physiologic needs. - Blood pressure , ECF osmolality - Body temperature - Energy metabolism - Reproduction - Responses to stress
Principles of neuroscience –Eric kandel
Principles of neuroscience –Eric kandel
Review of medical physiology-W.F.Ganong
Divided into 3 regions:
Anterior region: preoptic region - Supra chiasmatic nucleus - Preoptic nucleus
Middle region : -Dorsomedial nucleus - Ventromedial nucleus - Paraventricular nucleus - Supraoptic nucleus - Arcuate nucleus
Posterior region: - Mamillary bodies - Tuberomammillary nucleus.
Applied physiology-Samson wright’s -13th edition
Visceral functions: - Integration of neuroendocrine reflexes. - Gastric motility and gut secretion. - Central autonomic player. - Cardiovascular & respiratory regulation - HPA axis and stress modulation. - Energy metabolism and thermo regulation. - Role in reproductive function. - ECF osmolality - circadian & ultradian rhythm generation to
regulate above above functions.
Brain functions: - Sleep & wakefullness - hypothalmo-cerebellar –hypothalamic circuits
role in somato-visceromotor integration. - Integrator for emotional & autonomic functions - Role in memory: Mammillary nucleus as an
entity of Papez circuit. - Role in reward and motivation.
Principles of neuroscience –Eric kandel
Principles of neuroscience –Eric kandel
Hetherington & Ranson’s work in 1940’s BK Anand & Brobeck’s work in 1950’s Dual centric model of feeding proposed by
stellar in 1954 Role of different neuropeptides in feeding was
discovered during 1996-1998 by various reseachers.
Medical physiology-Guyton 11th edition
Medical physiology-Guyton 11th edition
Charles W. Bourque
Saper, Clifford B ,Annual Review of Neuroscience; 2002; 25
Saper, Clifford B ,Annual Review of Neuroscience; 2002; 25
CNS pathways that integrate the clock signal from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) with other cues to produce the circadian rhythms ofphysiology and behavior
Clifford B. Saper et al, TRENDS in Neurosciences Vol.28 No.3 March 2005
Clifford B. Saper et al, TRENDS in Neurosciences Vol.28 No.3 March 2005
Clifford B. Saper et al, TRENDS in Neurosciences Vol.28 No.3 March 2005
Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that these connections may be involved in feeding, cardiovascular,osmotic, respiratory, micturition, immune, emotion, and other nonsomatic regulation.
Jing-Ning Zhua et al 2006
Applied physiology-Samson wright’s -13th edition
Principles of neural science by Eric kandel Fundamental neuroscience by squire 2nd edition Applied physiology-Samson wright’s -13th
edition Clifford B. Saper et al, TRENDS in
Neurosciences Vol.28 No.3 March 2005 B.K.Anand et al ,Journal of applied physiology
vol-192, 1967 Charles W. Bourque, Nature reviews
neuroscience volume 9 , july 2008
Medical physiology .Guyton –Hall 10th edition Review of medical physiology- Ganong
Thank you