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Jim Hansen, CCAFS Flagship 2 Leader, IRI
Strengthening Regional Capacity for Climate Services in Africa, Victoria Falls,27 October 2015
CCAFS Strategy for Climate Services
• Strategic partnership among CGIAR Centers and research partners, in strategic partnership with FutureEarth
What is CCAFS?
• Strategic partnership among CGIAR Centers and research partners, in strategic partnership with FutureEarth
• World’s largest research program addressing the challenge of climate change and food security
What is CCAFS?
Mechanism for organizing, funding climate-related work across CGIAR
Involves all 15 CGIAR Centers
• Strategic partnership among CGIAR Centers and research partners, in strategic partnership with FutureEarth
• World’s largest research program addressing the challenge of climate change and food security
• 5 target regions across the developing world
What is CCAFS?
Flagship 2 research areas
• Climate information and seasonal agricultural prediction for risk management
• Equitable rural climate information and advisory services
• Weather-related agricultural insurance products and programs
• Early warning and decision systems for food security planning and response to climate shocks
• Guidance and evidence for climate service investment
• Regional and national meteorological institutions better meet the demands of climate service beneficiaries
• Agricultural extension and climate information providers expand and improve climate service provision
• Financial service providers improve design, targeting and scaling of insurance for smallholder farmers
• Food security response organizations and safety net programs use improved information to better manage shocks
• Regional and global development organizations invest in climate services for agriculture, with greater impact,
Research areas: Target outcomes:
South Asia
Flagship 2 Portfolio
East Africa
West Africa
Latin America
Southeast Asia
Capacitating African
Smallholders with Climate Advisories
and Insurance Development
(ICRISAT/ICRAF)
Early warning for climate sensitive
diseases in Vietnam and Laos
(ILRI)
Adaptive capacity of women and minorities thru agro-climate information
(CARE/ICRAF)
Flood Index Insurance for marginalized smallholder communities
(IWMI)
USAID-Africa Climate Services Support
Integrated Agricultural and Food Security Forecasting for
East Africa (CIMMYT)
Tailored Agro-Climate Services for Latin America (CIAT, Bioversity)
Index insurance to enhance adoption of climate-adapted
germplasm (CIMMYT)
Index insurance complementing
other risk management
strategies (IFPRI)
GFCS Adaptation Program in Africa Climate-informed, ICTbased agroadvisory
service for crops in South and Southeast Asia (IRRI)
Gender and climate services (U. Florida)
Climate services engagement and coordination (Arame Tall, IFPRI)
Development of CRAFT: CCAFS Regional Agricultural Forecasting Toolbox (Washington State U.)
Key challenges to making climate services work for smallholder farmers
• Credibility: investing in quality, accuracy
• Salience: tailoring content, scale, format, lead-time to needs
• Legitimacy: giving farmers an effective voice in design, delivery
• Access: providing timely access to remote rural communities
• Equity: ensuring that women, poor, socially marginalized benefit
• Integration: climate services as part of a larger package of support
What will it take for climate services to benefit
smallholder farmers – at scale?
• NMS capacity to provide actionable information
• Scalable communication channels
• Engage and target the vulnerable
• Balance scalable services with context-specific needs
• Institutional arrangements for co-production of services
• The right kind of investment
Building capacity to provide actionable information
• Salience challenges:
Spatial scale
Beyond seasonal averages
Uncertainty, communicated in context of history
Impacts and management
• Challenges African NMS face:
Parent ministry mandate
Human capacity
Sparse historic observations
Data policy, incentives
?
Building capacity to provide actionable information
ENACTS (Enhancing National Climate Services):
• Started in Ethiopia
• Satellite + station, ~5 km grid, 30-50 year complete record
• Data Library platform to build “maproom” products from data
• Owned, implemented by NMS
Ethiopia, Tanzania, Madagascar; & AGRHYMET regionally
Under development in Mali, Ghana, Zambia
STATION
BLENDED
SATELLIT
E
• Enables NHMS to customize,
generate, disseminate locally relevant
information without over-taxing limited
human resources.
• Implications for climate services for
farmers
• Changing how NMS are doing
business
Scalable communication channels
• Institutional channels
Proven effectiveness of face-to-face interaction for seasonal planning
Scale successful approaches through training for agricultural extension, other intermediaries
Integrate climate into existing farmer information and advisory systems
PICSA+
Scalable communication channels
• Institutional channels
• Media and ICT
Complement face-to-face
communication
Extend the reach of human
interaction
Opportunities to make radio-
based communication more
interactive
Mobile phone revolution
Overcoming climate service “market atrophy”
• Invest in capacity of NMS to routinely provide farmer-relevant climate information
• Invest in communication processes and capacity to use farmer-relevant climate information
• Evidence and guidance for investment in climate services
• What can regional climate institutions and processes do?
