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Presented during the Software Architecture Design session at WICSA 2014, Sydney, Australia. Abstract: Energy efficiency is a primary concern for the ICT sector. In particular, the widespread adoption of cloud computing technologies has drawn attention to the massive energy consumption of data centers. Although hardware constantly improves with respect to energy efficiency, this should also be a main concern for software. In previous work we analyzed the literature and elicited a set of techniques for addressing energy efficiency in cloud-based software architectures. In this work we codified these techniques in the form of Green Architectural Tactics. These tactics will help architects extend their design reasoning towards energy efficiency and to apply reusable solutions for greener software.
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Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Giuseppe Procaccianti
Patricia Lago
Grace A. Lewis
A common statement
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
“Cloud computing is
energy efficient...”
Cloud as a Nation
...but how much, exactly?
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Our approach
Energy Efficiency as a Software quality attribute
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
● Software determines hardware behavior
● We can design scenarios about energy efficiency
Our approach /2
Cloud Service
We analyze Software Architectures to study their influence on Energy Efficiency.
Energy Efficiency in Cloud Software Architectures
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
What is a Tactic?
“A design decision that influences the achievement of a
quality attribute response.” [1]
[1] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software architecture in practice, ed. Addison-Wesley, 2012.
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
● 3 categories:
1. Energy Monitoring
2. Self-Adaptation
3. Cloud Federation
● Elicited from a SLR on Cloud-based software architectures [2]
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
[2] G. Procaccianti, P. Lago, S. Bevini. “Green Software Architectures in the Cloud”. Submitted to Sustainable Computing (SUSCOM), Special Issue on Software Engineering Aspects of Green Computing (SEAGC), 2014.
● Scenarios for Energy Efficiency [1]
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Energy Monitoring
Metering
Modeling
Static Classification
Self-Adaptation
Scaling Down
Consolidation
Workload Scheduling
Cloud FederationEnergy Brokering
Service Adaptation
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
2. Self Adaptation
● Stimulus: Excessive energy consumption alert
● Source of Stimulus: Energy Monitor
● Environment: Runtime
● Artifact: Hypervisor
● Response: The Hypervisor consolidates the VMs on the
less-active servers and then shuts down the idle servers.
● Response Measure: Energy consumption values
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Energy Monitoring
Metering
Modeling
Static Classification
Self-Adaptation
Scaling Down
Consolidation
Workload Scheduling
Cloud FederationEnergy Brokering
Service Adaptation
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Self Adaptation tactic: Consolidation
(Implementation example)
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Discussion
● ...pose assumptions and constraints on the software architecture
● ...introduce a trade-off between EE and other system qualities
● …exhibit dependencies between each other and, in general, they cannot be applied in isolation
The Green Architectural Tactics are nice, but….
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
What’s next?
Inclusion of EE in a Software Quality
Model, for design-level decision-making
Evaluation of the environmental impact of Cloud-based software
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud
Thank you!
Green Architectural Tactics for the Cloud