The distribution of weeds seedbank experiment with three water level

conditions in Balik Pulau Ricefield Agro-ecosystem

1. What is weed?2. What is weed seedbank?3. Soils (sandy, mangrove, muddy,

and clay)4. Water level conditions

(saturated, partial, and flooded)

1. To identify weeds species that emerged from four different plots of weed seedbank in Balik Pulau Ricefields Agro-ecosystem.

2. To record the emergence of weeds from four different weed seedbanks with either ‘present (+)’or ‘absent (-)’ from four different plots with three different water level conditions.

SOILS SAMPLING IN BALIK PULAU

EXPERIMENT IN PLANT HOUSE

1) Plastic trays were prepared

2) 2.0 kg of soils were put into

each tray

3) Each tray was marked with

different water level

4) The soils were watered with tap

water

5) NPK, Urea, & Compound

fertilizers were applied

6) The experiment

was observed for 4 months

7) The emergence of weeds species were

identified, counted, & recorded

PLOT   POKOK KENANGA

WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED

REPLICATE   R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES                  

                 

A) GRASSESS                  

Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - -

(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - + - - + - + -

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - + - - - - - -

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. + - + - - - - + -

Oryza sativa complex (L.) - + - - - + - + -

B) SEDGES

Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - + - - - - - - -

Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - + + - - -

Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - + - - - - - - -

C) BROADLEAVED

Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - + + - + - -

Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -

Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl

- + + + + + + + +

Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - + - - - - - - -

(+) = present, (-) = absent

 

PLOT   POKOK KENANGA

WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED

REPLICATE   R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES

 

A) GRASSESS 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.

(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - 1 - - 1 - 1 -

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - 1 - - - - - -

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. 6 - 1 - - - - 3 -

Oryza sativa complex (L.) - 2 - - - 1 - 1 -

B) SEDGES

Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - 1 - - - - - - -

Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - 2 1 - - -

Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - 2 - - - - - - -

C) BROADLEAVED

Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - 90% 95% - 90% - -

Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -

Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl

- 5 2 5 11 14 5 16 3

Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - 1 - - - - - - -

PLOT   TOK KIAT

WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED

REPLICATE   R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES                  

                 

A) GRASSESS                  

Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - -

(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - - - - + - - +

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - - - - - - - -

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. + - - + - - - - -

Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - - -

B) SEDGES

Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - + - - + - - - -

Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -

Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -

C) BROADLEAVED

Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -

Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -

Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl

- + + + + + - - +

Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. + - - + - - - - -

(+) = present, (-) = absent

PLOT   TOK KIAT

WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED

REPLICATE   R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES                  

                 

A) GRASSESS                  

Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - -

(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - - - - 1 - - 1

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - - - - - - - -

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. 16 - - 2 - - - - -

Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - - -

B) SEDGES

Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - 4 - - 1 - - - -

Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -

Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -

C) BROADLEAVED

Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -

Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -

Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl

- 1 5 1 4 2 - - 1

Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. 2 - - 3 - - - - -

PLOT   FASA 3

WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED

REPLICATE   R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES                  

                 

A) GRASSESS                  

Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - + + - - + - + -

(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - - - + + - + -

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - - - - - - - -

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. + - - + - - + - -

Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - - -

B) SEDGES

Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - - - - - - - - -

Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -

Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -

C) BROADLEAVED

Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -

Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -

Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl

- - - - + - - + +

Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - + - + + - - - -

(+) = present, (-) = absent

PLOT   FASA 3

WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED

REPLICATE   R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES                  

                 

A) GRASSESS                  

Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - 2 1 - - 3 - 1 -

(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - - - 1 1 - 2 -

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - - - - - - - -

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. 1 - - 1 - - 1 - -

Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - - -

B) SEDGES

Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - - - - - - - - -

Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -

Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -

C) BROADLEAVED

Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -

Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -

Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl

- - - - 3 - - 1 2

Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - 3 - 1 2 - - - -

PLOT   SUNGAI BURUNG DARAT

WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED

REPLICATE   R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES                  

                 

A) GRASSESS                  

Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - +

(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - + + - + + - - +

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - + - + + - + +

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. - - - + - - + - -

Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - + -

B) SEDGES

Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - - - - - + - - -

Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -

Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -

C) BROADLEAVED

Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -

Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell

- - + - - - - - +

Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl

- - - - + - - - -

Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - + + + + - + + -

(+) = present, (-) = absent

PLOT   SUNGAI BURUNG DARAT

WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED

REPLICATE   R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES                  

                 

A) GRASSESS                  

Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - 1

(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - 2 1 - 3 3 - - 2

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - 1 - 1 2 - 1 2

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. - - - 1 - - 1 - -

Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - 1 -

B) SEDGES

Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - - - - - 1 - - -

Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -

Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -

C) BROADLEAVED

Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -

Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell

- - 1 - - - - - 1

Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl

- - - - 1 - - - -

Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - 17 5 1 5 - 1 14 -

1) Total number of weeds seedlings that emerged :

Sandy soil > clay soil > mangrove soil > muddy soil

2) Saturated & partial water level conditions (grasses & sedges higher)

3) Flooded water level condition (broadleaved)

Appendices

Special thanks to :

1) Professor Mashhor Bin Mansor (second author)

2) Mr. Chairperson

3) Beloved friends

4) Audiences