Feeding Feeding is the most important and probably

the most confusing part of raising cattle. This is because there are a wide variety of feedstuffs, ration types and alternatives, and methods of feeding cattle. Cattle operations range from the feedlot to dairy to grass-only, and can be a mix of either two or all three combined, depending on the type of cattle you have.

FEEDS Definition- any ingredients or material fed to

animals for purposes of sustaining them Classes of Feeds

roughages concentrates by-products protein supplements minerals, vitamins, and additives

Rationing To top it all off, there are feed formulations for

different type of cattle based on sex, age, what they're used for (beef, dairy and/or breeding), the way they are raised, the climate they live in, etc. Feed formulations even differ with the seasons that come and go every year. If they get fed the wrong food (such as pickles) their poop will smell.

Beef Cattle Nutrition diagram of ruminant-handout

Esophageal groove – immature ruminants Rumen, omasum, abomasum and reticulum Small Intestine-duodenum, illeum, jejunem Large Intestine-colon, cecum, rectum

Digestive System stomach in ruminants comprises 25 % of body rumen comprises 75 % of stomach fermentation: digest cellulose, plant tissue,

urea, NPN, B & K vitamins consist of bacteria and protozoa (200

billion/teaspoon)

Characteristics of Ruminants Mouth

no upper incisor or wolf teeth use lips and tongue to grab food

four compartments to the ruminant Consist of microorganisms Produce Volatile Fatty Acids/ acetic, propionic,

butyric

Digestive system Types of Digestive System 1.Monogastric = Simple stomach ( Humans) 2.Ruminants = Multiple stomach

(Cattle ,sheep ,Goat) 3.Pseudo ruminants ( Functional cecum) ( Rabbit)

Animals classes based on type of Feed 1.Herbivores=Vegetarian , eat only plants. 2.Carnivores=Flesh eaters 3.Omnivores=Eat both plants and animals

Nutrients 1.Cabohydrates 2.FatsMinerals 3.Protein 4.Minerals 5.Vitamins 6.Water

Macro minerals Salt Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Potassium Sulphur

Feeds Classification Roughages( Pasture, Hay, Crop residue ,

Silage , Haylage , Green chop Concentrates Byproduct of feed Protein suppliment Minerals Vitamins Special feeds Additives,implants and injections

Feed Consist of 1.Water 2.Energy ( Fat and Carbohydrates) 3.Minerals ( Ca , P, andSalt) 4.Vitamins ( A and D)

Feeding for animals in Rabi Season Fodder avail able are ( Berseem, Shaftal ,oat ,

Barley as Fresh and Maize Stalk , Wheat bhoosa , Bajra , jawar stalk and Sugar cane Pand ) and Concentrate as Khull

Feeds Recommended (Rabi)Animal Age in Month

Weight in Kgs

Daily Ration in kgs

1.4-8 80-140 1.Green fodder =6-10kgs2.Dry fodder = 0.5 to 13.Khal = 1

2.8-12 140-200 1.Green fodder =10-152.Dry fodder = 1-1.53.Khal = 1

3.12-18 200-280 1.Green fodder =15-202.Dry fodder = 23.Khal = 1Salt = 20 gm

4.18-24 280-350 1.Green fodder = 20-252.Dry fodder = 2-2.53.Khal = 1Salt = 20 gm

5.24-30 350-400 1.Green fodder = 25-302.Dry fodder = 2.5-33.Khal = 1 Salt = 20 gm

Feeding for animals in Kharif Season Fodder avail able are ( Maize,Jwar,

Bajra ,Sadabahar ,Lobia, as Fresh and Maize Stalk , Wheat bhoosa , S.cane Pand ) and Concentrate as Khull .

Feeds Recommended (Kharif)Animal Age in Month

Weight in Kgs

Daily Ration in kgs

1.4-8 80-140 1.Green fodder =4-62.Dry fodder = 0.53.Khal = 1

2.8-12 140-200 1.Green fodder = 6-142.Dry fodder = 13.Khal = 1

3.12-18 200-280 1.Green fodder =14-182.Dry fodder = 23.Khal = 1Salt = 20 gm

4.18-24 280-350 1.Green fodder = 18-252.Dry fodder = 23.Khal = 1Salt = 20 gm

5.24-30 350-400 1.Green fodder = 252.Dry fodder = 33.Khal = 1 Salt = 20 gm