Follow up the increasing of cassava supply in China

FOLLOW UPTHE INCRESSING OF CASSAVA SUPPLY

IN CHINA

The enabling environment of cassava processing technology

Aug 25 ,2016 , Cali, Columbia

Liang Guo Tao

INCREASING OF CASSAVA CONSUMPTION

CASSAVA STATUS IN CHINA

• History: origin from Latin America, only 60 years spreading planting in South China

• Plantation

-- Region: Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan province

• Position in Chinese Agriculture

No. 6 th crops in China

One important crop as Non-food green resource encouraged by Chinese government

China is the main cassava products buyer in the world:

2015 imported: 9.25 million tons cassava chips, 1.8 million tons cassava starch

(=30 million tons fresh roots)

The actual market volume in China until 2020:

20 Million MT cassava chips (For feed & fuel)

3.5 million MT cassava starch / flour (for industry & food )

(=64 million tons fresh roots)

481.07

507.15527.38

428.57

511.91

416.67 415.24 412.28 404.76392.5

344.6

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

X10

00

Ha

.

2005~2015 Cassava Plantation Areas

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

China

10333.9

11250

12017.9

8089.3

9767.9 9835

9285.7

9996.5 9821.4

8936.3

7925.8

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000X

100

0 M

T

2005~2015 CASSAVA PRODUCTION YIELD

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

China

350

900

680

470490

370

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Th

ou

san

d t

on

s2011~2015 Cassava starch production

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

China

19061820

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

Th

ou

san

d t

on

s2005~2015 Cassava starch importation

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

China

Unit :MT Price :US$/T

20

15-0

2

20

15-0

3

20

15-0

5

20

15-0

4

20

15-0

6

20

15-0

7

20

15-0

8

20

15-0

9

20

15-11

20

15-10

20

15-12

20

16-0

1

20

16-0

2

20

16-0

3

20

16-0

4

20

16-0

5

20

16-0

6

Average priceImport QTY.

201502~201606 Cassava Starch Import & Price

China

71%

25%

2% 1% 1%

Origin Country of imported cassava starch-2015

Thailand Vietnam Cambodia Lao Others

China

6019.5

5666.1

4876

69617236

8565

9250

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000X

100

0 M

T

2009~2015 Cassava chips importation

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

China

CASSAVA AGRICULTURE

--Basic research

--Achievements

--Plantation

Basic research

• Cassava research department

CATAS: Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

SIBC: Shanghai Cassava Bio-Tech Center

GSCRI: Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute

• Chinese Cassava Industrialization Scientists System

One Cassava Scientists Team

3 research center

9 breeding station

Chinese Cassava Genomics Consortium

Cassava Genome

Sequencing

Cassava Metabolic

Pathways

Cassava Mutant

Libraries and

Functional Test

Molecular Breeding

International cassava genome sequencing

Genetic map/physical map/biodiversity

Regulatory network of major metabolic pathways

Genome expression analysis

Proteomics and metabolomics

Construction and application of T-DNA library

Construction and application of EMS-Tilling

Transgenic cassava with new germplasm

Molecular markers and MAS

C

C

G

C

Achievements

Variety Yield (t/ha) Remark

SC10 45 broadly adaptable

SC9 30 for food

SC8 45 fast maturating

SC7 45 with high protein in leaves

SC6 45 anti-wind





Improved Cassava Varieties

South China 5

• Selected from hybrid of ZM8625×SC8013

• Average yield 30-45 t/ha

• Starch content 30%～32%

• Maturation time 8-12 months after planting

Applied in 60% of Chinese cassava area

New Improvement

• Planting Area Expanding plan

-- New varieties in cold area, develop the planting area from South provinces to Central provinces

-- New varieties fit for drought land.

• Specialized products plan

-- High yield and starch content for bio-fuel industry

-- High protein content for food industry

-- Natural modified varieties for bio-chemistry industry.

The Young SIBS Team Breeded100% Amylopectin cassava

Plantation

Cassava Processing Company

Farmer 1

Farmer 2

Farmer 3

Farmer 5

Farmer 6

Farmer n

Farmer 4

Warranty

Credit Loan

Cassava

Bank

Government coordinated cassava plantation mode

Company+ Bank+ Farmers ModeCassava Base in Guangxi China

CASSAVA INDUSTRYDEC 2015

• Cassava Starch & modified starch

About 100 factories, 1 Million MT starch (or modified starch) per year

• Cassava Ethanol (100% cassava )

25 Factories, 1,000,000 MT ethanol per year

• Cassava sweeteners

6 Factories, 100,000 MT maltose.

Annual 100,000MT modified cassava starch project

Guangdong Maoming (2008)

Annual 100,000MT modified cassava starch project

Guang Xi (2006)

Xintiande—The First Cassava Fuel Ethanol Factory 420KLPD

The world biggest Cassava Ethanol Factory COFCO Guangxi, 2X840KLPD

New cassava maltose plant in Gejiu Yunnan 100TPD

THE WORLD TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONSOF CASSAVA INDUSTRY HELPS ON BUILDING

CASSAVA SUPPLY CHAIN

OVERVIEW OF CASSAVA PRODUCTION VALUE CHAIN

Starch milk Commercial Starch

Cassava roots

Modified Starch

Sweeteners

Ethanol

High quality cassava flour

Commercial fresh roots for food

Commercial Dry chips

Wet Milling

Sorbitol/Mannito/Organic acid

(Citric acid Lactic acid)

TYPICAL FOOD GRADE FRESH CASSAVA PRODUCTION

• Simple cleaning and fresh-keeping treatment;

• Quick frozen or Canning product;

CASSAVA CHIPS PRODUCTION

• Mechanized chopping, solar drying (Thailand);

• Manually peeling, slicing and solar drying (Africa);

• Manually peeling, cutting and solar drying (Vietnam, Combodia etc. );

• Mechanized slicing, natural ventilation drying (Clayuca demostration);

• Mechanized slicing and ventilation drying, thermal drying (China);

TRENDS OF CASSAVA DRY PROCESS

Challenges :

• Requirement of large scale drying process during post harvest season

• Lack of labour resource

• Environment, Sanitation and Quality control

• Cost increasingThe world largest cassava

chips destination port: Fang

Chenggang, Lianyungang,

Qinghuangdao etc. started

to control cassava chips

unloading.

Solution: Clean process by wet milling

1. Fresh roots cleaning Milling Dewatering

Flash drying packing (by 500~1000kg bag)

2. Fresh roots cleaning Milling Dewatering

Pelletizing Drying by bundle dryer Large bag packing or bulk storage

CONVENTIONAL CASSAVA WET MILLING TECHNOLOGY

Input 1000 kg/h

W: 2295 S: 250

DS: 350 Purified reclaim water

W: 650

695 W: 5360

W: 285

S: 247 S: 1

DS: 310 DS: 5

W: 750 W: 800

W: 2000 S: 2

DS: 35

S: 247 W: 80

DS: 310

W: 2750

W: 2200

S: 225 S: 22

DS: 255 DS: 55

W: 4650 W: 300

S: 225 S: 0

DS: 254 DS: 1

W: 4640 W: 10

S: 225 S: 0

DS: 253 DS: 1

W: 4630 W: 10

W: 800

W: 2800

S: 216 S: 9

DS: 220 DS: 33

W: 1030 W: 1600

W: 800

W: 1300

S: 216

DS: 220

W: 530

W: 385

S: 216

DS: 220

W: 145

S: 216

DS: 220

W: 33

S: 216

DS: 220

S: W: 33

DS:

W:

Total 253 kg/h

Washing water

Wet cassava fibre

Fine fiber

Commercial starch

Extraction/sieving

Peeling/mud/sand

Sifting

De-sanding

Revolving filter

Refining

Concentration

Dewatering

Flash drying and cooling

Fine sand

Waste water

Starch (kg/h)

Dry Solid (kg/h)

Water (kg/h)

Clean water

Weighing and packaging

W:

Typical Cassava Starch Process

Fresh Cassava

Cleaning and peeling

Milling

Input 1000 kg/h

W: 1495 S: 250

DS: 350 Purified reclaim water

W: 650

695 W: 5360

W: 285

S: 247 S: 1

DS: 310 DS: 5

W: 750 W: 800

W: 1000 S: 2

DS: 35

S: 247 W: 80

DS: 310

W: 1750

W: 1500

S: 235 S: 12

DS: 265 DS: 45

W: 2950 W: 300

S: 235 S: 0

DS: 264 DS: 1

W: 2940 W: 10

W: 800

W: 2250

S: 235 S: 15

DS: 263 DS: 38

W: 710 W: 780

W: 535

S: 235

DS: 263

W: 175

S: 235

DS: 263

W: 32

S: 235

DS: 263

S: W: 32

DS:

W:

Total 295 kg/h

Typical Cassava Flour Process

Fresh Cassava Clean water

W:

Cleaning and peeling Washing water

Peeling/mud/sand

Milling

Extraction/sieving Wet cassava fibre

De-sanding Fine sand

Commercial starchWater (kg/h)

Revolving filter

Refining

Waste waterConcentration

Dewatering

Flash drying and cooling

Sifting

Starch (kg/h)

Dry Solid (kg/h)Weighing and packaging

Applicable technology for

Cassava wet milling-1

• Washing and cleaning ;

• Milling;

• Extraction ;

• Refining;

• Dewatering;

• Thermal drying;

Applicable technology for

Cassava wet milling-2

Referenced page-01

From Liang

The paper:

“ Comparative experiment for

Evaluation of Cassava Milling technology “

Test site : Mingyang Group, Guangxi, China, cassava work shop.

Period: 2005. 10.25~ 2005.12 16

Description:

There are two cassava wet milling line in Mingyang factory, use same technology, with each 600tons fresh roots per day , replace one of milling group from hammer mill to rasper, compare work efficiency of two production line.

Research purpose:

Customize reasonable cassava process technology for different project.

Item Project Line 1 Line 2

1 Specification of milling group

04 sets of DSJC45II hammer mill, 315kwMill 600 t/d cassava

01 CSJ-40 cutting machine + 02 sets of IR82/300 rasper,231kwMill 600~750 t/d cassava

2 Cost of equipment $50,000USD $100,000USD

3 Evaluation of operational difficulty

EasyFew maintenance

Relatively complicated:1) Strictly control the quality of

fresh roots, prevent metals, stone or hard stick/roots enter into rasper.

2) Need to replace damaged blade timely.

4 Milling efficiency (the starch dissociationration)

In average:90%

In average:91.5%

5 Consumption Power: 65kwh/ton of starch Power: 45kwh/ton of starchMain spare parts: 150~250 pcs blades per day

Conclusion of Contrastive analysis

Easy to keep stable running Lower efficiency

Strictly control the quality of raw material from procurement stageto Washing and cleaning stage. Need to carefully operate and maintain so that to keep stable running and higher efficiency.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CASSAVA FOR FOOD

• Nigeria: Government supported F20 policy

• Uganda: International fund (Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett, DFID etc.) supported Cassava food value Chain development

In Africa

In Asia

• Indonesia, China: Increasing of cassava starch for food industry: instant noodle, biscuits, bakeries. (increased more than 1 million tons / year during past 03 years. )

• China: started learning bring cassava food to dinning table.

• Central and South American countries: Clean process on food grade cassava flour improved food sanitation situation;

• Brazil: The largest cassava flour producer in the world, 3.5 million tons / year

New modification technology in cassava flour production increased the cassava food industry

In South America

Referenced page-02-1

From Mr. Antonio D. Fadel,

Casa Maní , CEO,

The paper:

“Global Trends &

Opportunities for starches in

Free – From Foods Market”

January 2016

CASSAVA FOOD IN BRAZIL

Casa Maní products

New Concept of Cassava Flour

Referenced page-02-2

From Mr. Antonio D. Fadel,

Casa Maní , CEO,

The paper:

“Global Trends &

Opportunities for starches in

Free – From Foods Market”

January 2016

37

Building the HQCF Value Chain in Nigeria

Currently six industrial bakers and 30

Master bakers have achieved 20% cassava

bread

Recently, one company has achieved 40%

using gluten-like additives

Training and empowerment of 5,000

bakers, six per Local Government area on

production of 20% cassava flour.

Expansion of HQCF production capacity

from <200MT/day to >3,000MT of HQCF

per day; includes purchase of 18 large

HQCF plants from China (CHMC).

Social market of cassava bread for nation-

wide acceptance.

A Cassava bread development fund of

US$60M was established to support the

aforementioned activities.

Launching of a commercial 20% cassava bread by an industrial baker

Training of Master bakers across the country

Referenced page-03

From Dr. Martin Fregene

The paper:

“A Cassava Transformation in

Nigeria”

How AgriTT facilitate Cassava industrialization in Uganda

4. Production of value added products

5. Commercialization

3. Demonstration ofplantation

2. Basic research cooperation

AgriTTInput

1. Technical exchange and training

Referenced page -04

From Liang

The paper:

“Report of AgriTT Scope Mission Trip for

Investigating Cassava Value Chain in Uganda ”

CONCEPT OF REGIONAL CASSAVA VALUE CHAIN- First phase

Investment & Management Firm

10 of satellite 500~1000ha. cassava farm +20TPD flour / starch factory

100T/D glucose syrup factory

Related farms

30,000T/a HQCF

30,000T/a Glucose syrup

30,000T/a starch supply to

Glucose plant

Cassava food research in China

HI TECH IN VALUE ADDED CASSAVA PRODUCTION

• Starch modification:

Chemical / Mechanical /Biological process

• Starch Biotechnological engineering:

Starch hydrolysates and fermented products

Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit

Tapioca starch

Modified starch

Household

Bakery

Noodle

Snack

Tapioca pearl(Sago)

Pregelatinized starch

Acid thinned starch

Dextrinized starch

Oxidized starch

Crosslinked starch

Di-starch phosphate

Di-starch adipate

Starch ether

Hydroxyalkyl/Cationic starch

Starch ester

Acetylated starch

Phosphate monoester starch

Native starch

Lesson learned from Thai cassava industry Sriroth, K.

Starch hydrolysate

Maltodextrin

Sweeteners

Glucose, Dextrose

Fructose

Sorbitol/Mannitol

MSG/Lysine

Organic acid

Citric acid

Lactic acid

AlcoholsEthanol

Referenced page -05-1

From professor Klanarong Sriroth

The paper

“Lessons learned from the

development of processing systems

and markets for Thai cassava”


Modification, functionalities and uses of some commercial cassava products

Modification

Function

Application

Native starch




The paper




Industrial

applications

No

od

les

Sauces



Uses of modified cassava starches in food and non-food applications

Cosmetics



The paper




- Maltodextrin

- Sweeteners & derivatives

Maltose / glucose syrup

fructose syrup

sugar alcohol : sorbitol, mannitol

- MSG / Lysine

- Acid: Citric Acid, lactic acid

- Alcohols: ethanol

Starch hydrolysates and fermented products





The paper




Perspective Ecosystem of cassava industrialization

Mr. Liang Guo Tao [email protected] +86 1380 2678 641

mailto:[email protected]