Exploring the great indoors: the built environment and human health (LabRoots Microbiology and Immunology 2016)

EXPLORING THE GREAT INDOORS The Built Environment & Human Health

Roxana Hickey, Ph.D.University of Oregon

September 7, 2016

@roxana_hickey

THE HUMAN MICROBIOME

9/7/16 © University of Oregon BioBE Center 2

THE HUMAN BODY IS

TEEMING WITH BACTERIA,

FUNGI, VIRUSES AND OTHER MICROBES

~39 TRILLION MICROBIAL

CELLS: ~1-3% OF TOTAL

BODY MASS

MOST FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN-ASSOCIATED MICROBES

STILL UNKNOWN

9/7/16 © University of Oregon BioBE Center 3Illustration: Charis Tsevis (flickr)

The microbiome & health

•  Nutrition

•  Protection against pathogens

•  Allergies and immunity

•  Disease and cancer

•  Cognitive and mental health

Image: Charis Tsevis (flickr)9/7/16 © University of Oregon BioBE Center 4

MICROBES ALL AROUND US

9/7/16 5© University of Oregon BioBE Center


HUMANS SPEND UP TO 90% OF THEIR LIVES INDOORS

Photo: www.pexels.com

MICROBIOLOGY

EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY

ARCHITECTURE BUILDING SCIENCE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BIOLOGY

& THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

CENTER


MICROBIOLOGY





CENTER


Dr. Jessica Green University of Oregon

Dr. Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg

University of Oregon

GZ Charlie Brown University of Oregon

MICROBIOLOGY





CENTER


GOAL: OPTIMIZE THE DESIGN & OPERATION OF BUILDINGS TO PROMOTE HUMAN HEALTH &

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY


Illustration: Cameron Slayden (Cosmocyte) & BioBE



HUMAN HEALTH

BUILDING DESIGN & ENERGY

MICROBIAL ECOLOGY



HOW DOES THE DESIGN, USE, AND OCCUPANCY OF BUILDINGS INFLUENCE THE

INDOOR MICROBIOME?



INDOOR MICROBIOME?

DESIGN Ventilation source in hospital rooms Kembel et al. ISME 2012 Architectural design of a university building Kembel et al. PLOS One 2014; Meadow et al. Indoor Air 2013

USE Human interaction with classroom surfaces Meadow et al. Microbiome 2014 Antimicrobials and resistance Hartmann et al. Environmental Science & Technology, in press

OCCUPANCY Human microbial cloud Meadow et al. PeerJ 2015

MEASURING MICROBES



MICROBES CAN’T BE EASILY DIFFERENTIATED BY EYE

Photo: Scimat via GeVy Images

LESS THAN 1% OF MICROBIAL LIFE CAN BE CULTIVATED IN A PETRI DISH


Photo: Tasha Sturm, Cabrillo College

Hug et al. Nature Microbiology (2016)


Cultivation-independent workflow


Environmental sample

Extract and purify DNA

Amplify marker gene (16S rRNA)

Generate DNA sequences

Perform bioinformatic analyses

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN INFLUENCES THE

MICROBIOME OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT



HOW DOES VENTILATION SOURCE INFLUENCE THE AIR MICROBIOME IN HOSPITAL ROOMS?

Dr. Steven Kembel University of Quebec


PROVIDENCE MILWAUKIE HOSPITAL PORTLAND, OR

9/7/16 © University of Oregon BioBE Center 22!

WINDOW VENTILATION

MECHANICAL VENTILATION

OUTDOOR AIR


WINDOW VENTILATION

MECHANICAL VENTILATION


OUTDOOR AIR

Diversity varies with air source


Kembel et al. ISME (2012)

Less diverse communities had a higher proportion of taxa closely

related to human pathogens


WINDOW

MECHANICAL

OUTDOOR

Kembel et al. ISME (2012)



Dr. Steven Kembel University of Quebec

Dr. James Meadow Phylagen

WHAT FACTORS DRIVE MICROBIOME COMPOSITION AT THE BUILDING SCALE?

Restrooms!Offices!Classrooms!9/7/16 © University of Oregon BioBE Center 29

LILLIS BUSINESS COMPLEX UNIVERSITY OF OREGON, EUGENE, OR

Room (short-term scale) sampling: air, surfaces


Building (long-term scale) sampling: vacuum dust



High human traffic

Low human traffic

Data from Kembel et al., PLOS One (2014)

Dust microbiome varies with space and environment

Mechanical vs. window ventilation


North side:Window supply

South side:Mechanical supply

Kembel et al., PLOS One (2014)

CAP 1

NM

DS

1

DeinococcusAchromonobacterSpiroplasmaRoseomonasRhabdochlamydiaLysobacterLysinibaccillusPigmentiphagaAcidisphaeraBrenneria

MethylobacteriumSphingomonasStreptococcus

RhizobiumMycoplana

AgrobacteriumBrevundimonas

mechanical window

p=0.005 constrained inertia=2.5%

a

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

Dei

noco

ccus

rela

tive

abun

danc

e

air supplymechanical window

p<0.001b

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

Met

hylo

bact

eriu

m re

lativ

e ab

unda

nce

air supplymechanical window

p<0.001c



Spatially connected rooms are more similar to each other

2 4 6 8 10 12

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

Bio

logi

cal S

imila

rity

(1 -

Can

berr

a di

stan

ce)

How many doors between offices?Kembel et al., PLOS One (2014)


HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH THE BUILT

ENVIRONMENT ALTER THE INDOOR MICROBIOME



HOW DO HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH VARIOUS SURFACES SHAPE THE COMPOSITION

OF THE INDOOR MICROBIOME?


Sampling classroom surfaces


FLOOR CHAIR WALL DESK

Meadow et al., Microbiome (2014)

Microbiome varies by surfaces with differential human contact


FLOOR CHAIR WALL DESK

Meadow et al., Microbiome (2014)

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

CAP1

CAP2

Chairs

Desks

Walls

Floors

a

-40 -20 0 20 40 60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

CAP1

CAP2

Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus

Corynebacterium

Lactobacillus

Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus

CorynebacteriumCorynebacterium

Phytoplasma

StreptococcusStreptococcus

Streptococcus

BrevundimonasSphingomonas

Alicyclobacillus

Alicyclobacillus

Rhodopseudomonas

Salmonella

Chroococcidiopsis

Salmonella

Roseomonas

b


WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMICALS & ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE INDOOR MICROBIOME?

Dr. Erica Hartmann Northwestern University

Sanitizing the built environment


Triclosan is ubiquitous in dust

Location n Detection (%)

Median Conc. (ng/g) Reference

China 47 96 570 Lu, X. et al. Analytical Methods 5, 5339 (2013)

Canada 63 100 571 Fan, X. et al. J. Environ. Monit. 12, 1891-1897 (2010)

Belgium 18 100 220 Geens, T. et al. Chemosphere 76, 755-760 (2009)

Spain 10 100 702 Canosa, P. et al. Anal. Chem. 79, 1675-1681 (2007)


Sampling dust in a mixed-use university campus building


Description R p

23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase 0.80 0.001

23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase 0.77 0.006

class A beta-lactamase0.73 0.005

Hartmann et al., in review

Antimicrobial resistance in dust

Hartmann et al., Env Sci & Tech (in press)9/7/16 © University of Oregon BioBE Center 45

Antibiotic resistance varies across environments

9/7/16 © University of Oregon BioBE Center 46Hartmann et al., Env Sci & Tech (in press)


hVp://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm378393.htm

HUMANS SHED A PERSONALIZED

‘MICROBIAL CLOUD’ INDOORS



HOW DO INDIVIDUALS’ MICROBIOMES COLONIZE THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT?


Occupied

Unoccupied

Air Filter (12 per treatment)

1 m

0.15 m

Settling Dish (6 per treatment)

Particle Counter (1 per treatment)

2.4 m

3.7

m

2.4 m

2.9

m

9/7/16 50© University of Oregon BioBE CenterMeadow et al., PeerJ (2015)

CLIMATE CHAMBER @ ENERGY STUDIES IN BUILDINGS LAB, PORTLAND, OR

Meadow et al., Peer J 2015

An occupied space has a

distinct microbiome from

an adjacent unoccupied space


Meadow et al., PeerJ (2015)


Spaces occupied by

different people display unique

microbial patterns

Meadow et al., PeerJ (2015)

h(p://www.sciencefriday.com/videos/your-very-special-microbial-cloud/





INDOOR MICROBIOME AND HUMAN HEALTH?


Interactions between humans & the built environment

56

CLOUDS IN A CROWD: DISPERSAL

OF THE HUMAN MICROBIAL CLOUD

COLONIZATION OF THE SKIN

MICROBIOME VIA THE BUILT

ENVIRONMENT

EFFECTS OF WEATHERIZATION

ON THE HOME MICROBIOME

9/7/16 © University of Oregon BioBE Center






COLONIZATION OF THE HUMAN (SKIN) MICROBIOME VIA

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT








COLONIZATION OF THE HUMAN (SKIN) MICROBIOME VIA

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT



SURFACE

DIRECT CONTACT SURFACE INTERMEDIATE

BIOAEROSOL INTERMEDIATE




HUMAN HEALTH

BUILDING DESIGN & ENERGY

MICROBIAL ECOLOGY


ARE THERE ‘GENERAL LAWS’ IN BUILDING ECOLOGY?

HOW ARE THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH RELATED?

HOW ARE MICROBES EXCHANGED AMONG BUILDINGS, AIR & PEOPLE?

Acknowledgements


Jessica GreenKevin Van Den Wymelenberg

G.Z. BrownCurtis HuVenhower (Harvard)

Rolf Halden (Arizona State)Jeff Kline

Alejandro ManzoJames Meadow

Gwynne MhuireachDale NorthcuV

Maria SaraoAndy SiemensKyla SiemensJason Stenson

Hannah Wilson

Adam AltrichterAshley BatemanClarisse BetancourtBrendan BohannanAshkaan FahimipourMark FrejErica HartmannDeb Johnson-SheltonSteven KembelAnn Klein

For more information

•  Biology and the Built Environment Center– hVp://biobe.uoregon.edu

•  Roxana Hickey, Postdoctoral Fellow– [email protected], @roxana_hickey

•  Jessica Green, BioBE Co-Director–  [email protected], @JessicaLeeGreen

•  Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg, Co-Director– [email protected], @Wymelenberg
