ENTO 402Non-insect pests birds

• Submitted to:- Dr. O.P. Chaudhary

• Submitted By:- VAIBHAV(K2012A53BIV)

Non insect pests birds• Birds causing damage to various agricultural

crop. • A number of birds feed upon grains from

earheads of field crops; fruits and vegetables. • They actually consume very little quantity but

often cause more damage than what they actually eat.

Major bird species affecting different crops.

1. Crow Corvus spp. – Damage wheat, cobs of maize, ripe fruits of fig, mulberry.

2. The parrot Psittacula cyanocephalus cuts and feeds on maize, jowar,bajra,wheat,barley grains and fruits such as guava, fig, mango, pomegranate etc., (both semi ripened and ripened fruits are cut and eat leading to fruit drop).

3. The house sparrow – Passer domesticus damages the earheads of jowar, maize,bajra and soft and fleshy fruits such as mulberry and fig.

4. The blue rock pigeon Columba livia eats maize,pulses and groundnut.

5. The yellow throated sparrow causes heavy damage to wheat and barley.

Crow (Corvus Splendens Vieillot)

• Distribution: Throughout India found up to about 1200m height.

Life cycle • Eggs: laid from April to August amd in North-west states only

from mid June to mid July and lay 4 to 7 eggs in nest.These eggs light blue to greenish with dark spot.

• Adults ;greyish black in colour.• These birds don’t breed in their first year.• Nest are usually situated on trees,telephones poles etc. and made by

shrubs and trees branches.• The indian koel invariably lays its eggs in crow’s nests, and lets the

crow incubate them amd raise them with its own youngs ones.• They are strong flyer,long distance to field and coming back to trees

roost at night.• These are bold bird with no fear of human.

Damage

• Crows cause considerable damage to ripe fruits in orchards and also ripening grains of maize and fruits.

• The crows are particularly attracted to the grains when they are exposed on a cob.

• They may prove a menace to the successful growth of field crops as well as harvest of fruits. They are often seen in flocks in maize and other fields.

• They are also menace to groundnuts, sorghum,other grains, chillies and fruits.

Management

• Acetylene explorders hve been repoted effective against their depredationin orchards.

• Thallium sulphate baits are used for there slow action may gives better kills.

• They can be trapped in large V-shaped traps.

Sparrow (Passer domesticus)

• Distribution ; all india found up to a height of about 2000 m.

Life cycle

• Eggs: 3 to 6 pale greenish brown mottled eggs.• Brood throughout the year.• Incubation period: 14 days• Nests re large untidy ,in crevices, ventilators,

lampshades, back of pictures etc.• They are avoid heavy forest and mostly lives

to near human beings.

Damage

• The flocks of sparrows is a great menace to various field crops like Jowar, bajra, wheat, maize, etc. mainly in the seed setting stage.

• They also threaten mulberry and many other small sized juicy fruits and fruit buds.

• They visit the ripening fruit fields, particularly those of wheat in the spring season, and cause much damage both by feeding and causing the grains to shed.

Management

• Eaisly traped with box traps or automatics elevator types.

• And can be poisoned wih small grains treated with strychnine.

• Prebait for a week in several spots. Put poisoned bait out for 2 days on only part of these prebait spots and then substitute with clean grain.some of the other spots can be baited and the cycle repeated.

Parrot (Psittacula spp.)

• Distrution :commom throughout India found iat height below 1200 m.

Life cycle

• Eggs: lays 3 to 6 white ,oval eggs.• Breeding season: from Feb-May.• They use debris for nesting in holes in walls

and trees without building a real nest structure.

Damage• About eight species of parrots have been recorded in India.

Out of these species, Large Indian parakeet (P. eupatria) is very common.This species causes heavy damage to orchards by eating fruits and also spoiling the fruits by cutting it with beak.

• The parakeets are among the most wasteful a destructive birds.They gnaw at and cut into bits all sorts of near-ripe fruits such as guava,ber, mango, plums, peaches, etc.

• In sunflower when the seeds are soft the parrots cause extensive damage by feeding on the seed thus reducing the yield.

Management

• Acetylene exploders are reported to be effectives repellents

• They can be caught with net-traps and sticky substance (lassa).

Myna(Acridotheres tristis)

• Distribution :common throughout India found up to a height of 2700m.

Life cycle

• Eggs: They lay 4 to 6 deep blue eggs.• Breeding occurs from april to september.• The nest is made in holes in walls trees trunks

out of feathers,rags,twings,leaves etc.• These are very bold birds living with man.• Very noisy.

• Damage….• Do some damage to ripe tomatoes and figs in

garden. • Management…..• Nothing reported, but they can be probably

controlled with strychnine-poisoned baits or net-traps.

Pigeon (cloumba livia)

• Distribution: Throughout India found up to a height of 3800m.

Life cycle

• Eggs :lay only 2 elongate oval white eggs.• Nest are crude made of coarse twigs.• A pair probably produce abut 3 to 5 broods in

a year.• Damage….• They cause considerable damage to grain

crops and newly sprouting vegetable and grain crops.

Common Management of Birds

• Various methods are employed which include covering by nets, using scaring devices, reducing their population by shooting, trapping and use of chemicals.

1. Trapping the birds in nets or catching them with the help of sticky substance ‘Lassa’.

2. A piece of Chapatti dipped in 0.04% parathion and placed on the top of roof is a good bait for crows.

3. Parrots and sparrows are repelled by spraying 0.6% thiurun’ on wheat crops at milk stage.

Management of Birds…….

4. Scaring devices using mechanical, acoustic and visual means are normally employed, i.e. Beating of drums to produce sounds is still in vogue in many parts of the country particularly during harvesting.

5. Fire crackers placed at regular intervals along a cotton rope. The rope burns from one end and ignites the crackers at regular interval which produce sounds and scare away the birds.

6. Loud sounds due to the burning of acetylene gas produced at intervals are utilized to scare away birds and small animals.

7. Birds may be scared by display of scare crows, dead birds and visually attractive flags etc.

THANKS