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Disease prevalence at household level in smallholder livestock production system in Botswana
Katjiuongua, H., Mbeha, B., Ntesang, K., Hendrickx, S. & Marobela, C.
Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock ProductionGaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
2
Disease prevalence at household level
• Animal disease outbreaks: can be devastating Direct costs
- Death of animals- Repercussions throughout the livestock chain - Human health and deaths
Indirect costs- Lower productivity – slow growth, reduced efficiency of input use- Reduced access to markets
Negatively affects competitiveness at household and national levels
3
Disease prevalence at household level
Objective– Better understand livestock diseases prevalence at household level– Gauge: what is going on at household level
Data– Survey of individual households – randomly selected (N = 596)– Participatory epidemiology (PE) - Serowe, Mahalapye, Boteti, Kasane
and Selebi Phikwe (N= 699)
Findings
Way forward
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Disease prevalence at household level
Individual household survey:
FMD Lumpy Skin Worms Anthrax Pastereullosis Other 0
5
10
15
20
25Most commonly experienced diseases - cattle
(%)
Series1
Other- Contagious abortion (20%) - Ticks (16%)
Goats:- Abortion- Diarrhea- Foot rot
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Disease prevalence at household level
Participatory epidemiology :
- Most can be prevented by vaccination
- High occurrence of abortion
- Consistent with
sero results on leptospirosis
- Kasane: different - fasciolosis
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Disease prevalence at household level
Participatory epidemiology - Only 2 districts: hard to
generalize
- High occurrence of abortion
- Need to explore
leptospirosis in small ruminants
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Disease prevalence at household level
Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates- High fatality rates
from fasciolosis (asymptomatic)
- High occurrence of lumpy skin
8
Disease prevalence at household level
Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates- Septicemic
pasteurollosis is the cause for most mortality
- High occurrence of abortion
- Need to explore
leptospirosis in small ruminants
9
Disease prevalence at household level
Deworming
Vaccination
Curative
Ticks control
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Average expenditure disease management (BWP/year)
Goats/sheepCattle
Animal health care
- Extension agents most important source of animal health information
- Animal health provider and input supplier
- Use govt. veterinarians – 80%
Average expenditure (BWP in 2012) - livestock
Deworming 281Curative 302Vaccination 226Ticks control 253
10
Disease prevalence at household level
Way Forward
- Need to investigate leptospirosis in small ruminants and its zoonotic aspects
- Investing in internal and external parasites to prevent loss of animal due to disease – important
- High worm (burden) – occurrence
- Further analysis - look at factors affecting adoption of technologies and preventive measures of specific diseases at household levels
11
Thank you