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Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Tanawal Formation
Synonymy:
Wynne (1878) used the name ''Tanol group'' for the rocks of this formation. Middle miss (1896) called them ''Tanol quartzite'' Marks and Ali (1 962) and Latif (1 970) named them ''Tanol formation'' Calkins, Offield and Ali (1969) used the name Tanawal formation for this unit of rocks.
Type locality:
The formation is well exposed in the north and south of Mansehra granite.
Lithology:
The formation consists of Quartoze schist, quartzite and schistose conglomerate. The south of Mansehra granite the formation consists of medium grained quartzite and fine grained mica-quartz schist. To the north of Mansehra granite the formation mainly consists of granite and biotite muscovite-quartz schist. It is composed of low grade schist and fine grained mica quartz schist. Alternate beds of schist and quartzite. kink fold and mullion structure are also observed.
Mansehra granite
Observed at Mansehra road. It is composed of two mica granite that are biotite and muscovite. It also contain quartzite grains and feldspar. It depicts porphyritic texture. Also have doloritic dyke intruded
Contacts:
The Tanawal Formation underlies the Abbotabad Formation upper contact with Abottabad formation in this area is unconformable
Fossils:
Not found
Age: Cambrian.
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Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Associated structure:
kink fold mullion structure Schistosity Secondary foliation are also observed.
Abbttabad Formation
Synonymy:
Waagen and Wynne (1 872) used the name ''below the trias'' for this unit of rocks. Middle miss called it ''infra-trias'' Latif (1970) named this unit as ''Abbottabad group'' Calkin, offield and Ali suggested the name ''Abbottabad formation''
Type locality:
Type locality of the formation is near Abbotabad town.
Lithology:
The formation mainly consists of dolomite, quartzite and phyllite, with many lithologic changes from place to place.It is divided into five members.
a) Sirban dolomiteb) Mirpur memberc) Muhammada gali memberd) Sanghar gali membere) Tanaki boulder beds
Contacts:
Formation has an unconformable lower contact with Tanawal formation
Fossils:
Calkin (1969) examined the fauna of carboniferous to Permian age from the formation. Recently 1kramuddin Ali and David examined the fossils of Hyolithes spp. from the formation which has been reported from the Cambrian of North America, Sweden and Russia.
Age:
On the basis of Hyolithes spp the formation placed in lower Cambrian.
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Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Murree Formation
Synonyms:
Mari Group by Wynne(1874),Murree Beds by Lydekker(1876)Murree Series by Pilgrim(1910) ,Murree Formation by Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan
Type locality:
The name ''Murree formation'' has been formalized by the Stratigraphic committee of Pakistan For the ''Mari group'' of Wynne (1974) and ''Murree beds'' of Lydekker (1876).
Lithology:
Greenish gray sandstone, shale and dark red clays.The formation consists of purple clay and greenish grey sandstone with subordinate intraformational conglomerate. The basal strata of the formation consist of light greenish, grey calcareous sandstone and conglomerate. The formation uncomfortably overlies various formation of Eocene age. Its upper contact is transitional with kumlial formation.
Contacts:
Its lower unconformable contact is with various formations of Eocene age while the Upper contact is transitional with Kumlial Formation.
Fossils:
Formation is poorly fossiliferous.
Age :
The fauna indicates an Early Miocene age for the Formation.
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Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Chrorite Mica Schist:
It is Low grade metamorphic rock containing chlorite index mineral, and also containing mica and as well feldspar with minor mica. Schist also containing calsite and plagioclase veins.
Quartzite:
It is a non foliated metamorphic rock, that is formed by the metamorphism of sandstone. It containing conjugate cross joint.
Chlorite Shist of Tanawal Formation
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Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Kink Fold in Tanawal Formation
Shevron Fold in Tanawal Formation
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Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Mansehra Granite
Terraces Structure
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Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Quartzite dike in Mansehra Granite
Contact Between Mansehra Granite and Quartzite
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Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Xenolith Structure in Quartzite
Intraformational fault in Shist
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Mansehra Balakot Road Section Day 4
Beautiful View of Balakot city with Konhar River running in the center
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