Where Did Consciousness Come From?

Did Consciousness Emerge from Cosmos or Visa-Versa?

Paul H. Carr AF Research Laboratory Emeritus www.MirrorOfNature.org

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II. RELIGION: Cosmos Emerged From Divine Consciousness “Word (Logos) was God,” John 1:1 “Spirit of God,” Gen 1:2

I. SCIENCE: Human Consciousness Emerged from the Cosmos Cosmos emerged from a hot Big Bang 13.8 Billion years ago. First Homo Sapiens in Africa, 200,000 years ago. Searching for natural processes & laws that gave rise to psyche.

III. RECONCILIATION of SCIENCE & RELIGION: -Biologos: Evolutionary creation.-Emergence of homo sapiens’ sense of Divine beauty.-Complementary beauty of science’s how & spirit’s why.

Did Consciousness Emerge from Cosmos or Visa-Versa?

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“SCIENCE takes things apart and then puts them back together to understand HOW.

RELIGION puts them back to together to understand WHY.” (Alister McGrath)

EMERGENCE : Putting things back together. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.“More is Different” according Nobel-laureate physicist Philip Anderson’s highly-cited article on emergence (Science 1972). He emphasized the limitations of reductionism and the existence of hierarchical levels of science, each of which requires its own fundamental principles for advancement.

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EXAMPLES OF EMERGENCE:

The microscopic interactions of carbon atoms, within their environmental constraints, leads to different macroscopic properties.

1. When the carbon atoms self-organize to form a face-centered cubic microscopic structure, a macroscopic diamond emerges.

2. When carbon atoms interact to form microscopic hexagonal sheets, a soft graphite lubricant emerges.

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Emergence of “Cool” Cosmos from “Hot”13.8 Billion years ago.

Earth

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Paul Davies, winner of the 1995 Templeton Prize: "I do not cling to the notion of God as a miracle-working cosmic magician, who makes a big bang and then intervenes as a cosmic repairman. A God who can create a self-creating universe with laws (logos) is much more majestic. As an emergentist, I believe in a hierarchy of principles, with the laws of physics at the bottom level and emergent laws operating at higher levels. Thus, we have laws of complexity, such as self-organizing chemical cycles. There are Mendel's laws of genetics when life appears. The high-level laws do not violate the lower level laws, nor are they reducible to them. They supervene on them."

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Figure from “Cosmic Dawn” by Eric Chaisson

EMERGENCE OF LIFE ON EARTH

Carbon Dioxide, CO22

Prokaryote Cells Eukaryote Cells

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542 Myr Beginning of Multicellular Life.“The Fossil Record of the Cambrian Explosion” Keith Miller, PSCF, June 2014

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THREE STAGES OF LIFE’S EMERGENCE From biological anthropologist Terrence Deacon ‘s(2011), Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter.

1.THERMODYNAMICS, CHAOS: atoms and molecules of water, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc. moving randomly from thermal fluctuations in a primordial soup. 2. MORPHODYNAMICS or FORM (morphology = structure). Self-organizing order for free, and the absence of dynamical variety: amino acids and proteins. Stable autocatalytic chemical processes in which the output feeds back into the input: self reproducing molecules.

Example: Miller (1953) and Urey subjected a mixture of water, hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia that were present shortly after the earth was formed, to an electrical spark, which simulated lightning. They observed amino acids, the building blocks of life-forming proteins.

3. TELEODYNAMICS: (telos = purpose, goal) Self-replicating cells emerged under the right conditions from amino acids and proteins. The vital purpose (telos) of a cell is to eat and to avoid its absence (of being eaten).

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DEACON’S EMERGENT STAGE III: TELEODYNAMICS & CONSCIOUSNESS

Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter (2011)

Cells and brainless plants have sentience, response to their environment, but not consciousness. •“Consciousness is the final quasi-regular network-level dynamic like melody played by a million-instrument orchestra, this is the medium of mental information.” (Consciousness Chapter). • Deacon thereby formulates a naturalistic scientific worldview: consciousness and psyche emerge from the firing of our neurons but cannot be reduced to them.

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Philosopher David Chalmers’ PANPSYCHISM Director of the Center For Consciousness at Australian National U, & Co-Director of the Center for Mind, Brain, and Consciousness at New York U

Thesis: MATERIALISM Everything is Matter (and Energy)

Antithesis: DUALISM: Matter and mind are separate (Descartes)

Synthesis: PANPSYCHISM: Everything has a degree of mind or consciousness.

Our macro-consciousness emerges from the micro-consciousness (or sentience) of neurons.

Conscious is holistic property of our brain. It is the eternal pattern (personality) by which the neurons (parts) relate. Consciousness emerges from this relationship.

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Artificial Consciousness & Revolutionizing Medical Device Design A fascinating discussion about how artificial consciousness and revolutionary medical device design are poised to transform healthcare. Our visionary speakers discussed in November 2014:

•Consciousness as a state of matter that can be described in terms of quantum mechanics and information theory (materialist).

•Revolutionizing medical device design through advances in integrated circuits and micro-electromechanical systems

•Dr. Max TegmarkMIT Professor of PhysicsAuthor of “The Mathematical Universe,” Director of the Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi)

•Dr. Charles SodiniMIT LeBel Professor of Electrical EngineeringCo-founder of the Medical Electronic Device Realization Center

•Dr. Jonathan RothbergChairman of 4CombinatorInventor of high-speed DNA sequencing, founder Ion Torrent, RainDance, 454 Life Sciences, ClariFi, CuraGen

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PLATONIC FORMS: IS CONSCOUSNESS MATHEMATICAL?Mathematical Relationships are beautiful, harmonious, eternal patters (forms) and independent of their representation (number system) and material substrate.

1 + 2 = 3 (Arabic Number System)

I + II = III (Roman Number Systems)

1 + 3 = 4

I + III = IV

Consciousness is a mathematical pattern:

MIT Prof. Max Tegmark: TEDxCambridge 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzCvlFRISIM

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Can consciousness be described by mathematics? MIT Prof. Max Tegmark: “Consciousness is currently not understood through mathematics - nor by any other scientific approach, for that matter. Whether it ever will be is a very interesting question. I co-organized a conference on the Physics of Information recently where we invited the neuroscientists Giulio Tononi, Christoph Koch and Larissa Albantakis to speak, and intriguingly, they do think that the subjective feeling of the color red, the feeling of love, etc., can be understood as complex mathematical shapes related to information processing in the brain. I explore this in chapter 11 of my book. We obviously don't yet know whether their ideas will ultimately prove to be correct or not, but the fact that their research is taken seriously in the neuroscience community means that we can't be 100% sure that consciousness can't ultimately be understood mathematically.”

Consciousness is a mathematical pattern: Max Tegmark at TEDxCambridge 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzCvlFRISIM

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Consciousness, argues neuroscientist/neurobiologist Damasio, is linked to emotion, to our feelings for the images we perceive.

There are in fact several kinds of consciousness, he says: the proto-self, which exists in the mind's constant monitoring of the body's state, of which we are unaware; a core consciousness that perceives the world 500 milliseconds after the fact; and the extended consciousness of memory, reason and language. Different from wakefulness and attention, consciousness can exist without language, reason or memory: for example, an amnesiac has consciousness. But when core consciousness fails, all else fails with it.

At the height of consciousness, above reason and creativity, Damasio places conscience, a word that preceded consciousness by many centuries.

In a book that cuts through the old nature vs. nurture argument as well as conventional ideas of identity and possibly even of soul, it's clear, though he may not say so, that Damasio is still on the side of the angels.

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Prof. Max Tegmark’s Consciousness PrinciplesThe Ordering Below is Increasingly Human

•Memory & information storage

•Dynamics of information processing “Conscious is what information processing feels like.” Max Tegmark.

•Individual identity as separate from the universe. “I think therefore I am.” (Descartes)

•Integration and relation to others and our universe. We are remembered by in the minds of others & in the eternal mind of God. (Whitehead)

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PLATONIC FORMS: CONCSIOUSNESS CAN BE MATHEMATICAL Mathematical Relationships are beautiful, harmonious, eternal patters & forms (personality) and independent of their representation (number system) and material representations.

1 + 2 = 3 (Arabic Number System)

I + II = III (Roman Number Systems)

1 + 3 = 4

I + III = IV

Consciousness is a mathematical pattern:

MIT Prof. Max Tegmark: TEDxCambridge 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzCvlFRISIM

Consciousness Beyond Life: The Science of the Near-Death Experience (2011)

By Cardiologist Pim van Lommel, MD

Cardiologist Pim van Lommel, MD for decades studied near death experiences in 100s of patients, which he published in the refereed medical journal Lancet. He concludes that the current views on the relationship between the brain and consciousness held by most physicians, philosophers, and psychologists are too narrow for a proper understanding of the phenomenon. He shows that our consciousness does not always coincide with brain functions and that consciousness can even be experienced separate from the body.

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I.SCIENCE: Human Consciousness Emerged from the Cosmic Big Bang, 13.8 B years ago. - How mind emerged from the matter, -Research on a naturalist worldview of human consciousness & psyche is continuing.

II. RELIGION: Cosmos Emerged From Divine Consciousness. Word (Logos) of God, John 1:1

How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings. Isaiah 52:7 Jesus brought us this good news. “The world was made by him”(John 1: 10) because he was with the creating “Spirit of God” in the beginning (Gen 1:2). In Hinduism, consciousness has its independent existence in the Divine Brahmin. Human consciousness is a small fragment of the Divine Consciousness. (Christian Trinitarian “Spirit of God” within.)

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Consciousness Explained Better: Towards an Integral

Understanding of the Multifaceted Nature of Consciousness (2009)

By neuralpsychologist Allan Combs,President of the Society for

Consciousness Studies

• Consciousness is not relativistic and culturally defined. There are universal states and streams in the evolution of consciousness.

• Consciousness is not merely viewed as epiphenomena, emerging from the material stuff of brains. Rather it is an integral part of cosmos itself.

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We are not human beings having a spiritual experience.

We are spiritual beings having a human experience.Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, S.J.

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Donald P. Merrifield, S. J., (1928 – 2010) Former President, Loyola Marymount Univ.

•The mind-body problem is philosophic and ontological not scientific. There is a spiritual dimension beyond the physical. If matter were an abstraction removed from its holistic spiritual ground and only governed by natural laws, then we humans would be nothing but biological machines.

• There is spiritual core totally at home and incarnate in the brain though not emerging from its structure but from its being. If this is an attempt to resurrect the old Thomastic soul, the form of the body, so be it.

III. RECONCILIATION OF SCIENCE & RELIGION• Scientific conscious is a holistic property of our body. It is the eternal pattern (personality) by which the neurons (parts) relate. Consciousness emerges from this non-reducible relationship.

• Divine consciousness is a holistic property of the universe by which its parts relate through God’s eternal logos. God’s eternal being is these patterns of the universe. (Pantheism) God creates & sustains these relationships & emergent creatures, but transcends them. (Panentheism).

•The EMERGENCE of homo sapiens with a sense of beauty (harmonious relationships) pointing to the Divine.

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Dr. Francis Collins, founder BioLogos. “I find those rare dramatic moments of scientific discovery in my own experience to be moments of worship also, where a revelation about some intricacy of God’s creation is appreciated for the first time.”

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"BioLogos" is a new term for theistic evolution. http://biologos.org/ • Bios is the Greek word for "life". •Logos is Greek for "word," with a broader meaning in Philosophy and Stoicism—namely the rational principle ordering the universe.• In Christian theology, "word" includes the Hebrew idea of a creative agent for all that exists, in addition to being an ordering principle.

•"BioLogos" expresses the belief that God is the source of all life and that life expresses the will of God. •BioLogos represents the view that evolutionary science and religious faith co-exist in harmony. 24

Complementary Beauty of Science & Spirit

• The emergent evolutionary process produced homo sapiens, who see beauty (harmonious relationships) in the world.

• I experience beauty in both science and religion.

• “If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing.”

Henri Poincare

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“This is salvationWhen we marvel

At the beautyOf created things

And praiseThe beautiful providence

Of their Creator.”

- Meister Eckart ( 1260 – 1327),

“The thirst for beauty that permeates our lives is an opening for transcendence…” Theologian Philip Hefner. Foreword, Beauty in Science and Spirit.”

“Beauty’s self and beauty’s giver…” Gerald Manley Hopkins26

"Here is beauty – whatever those who have never looked at butterfly may say-

Beauty that rejoices and humbles,… beauty remote from all that is meant by words like random or

purposeless, utilitarian or materialistic, beauty in its impact is akin to the authentic encounter with God.“

Naturalist priest Charles Raven

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BEAUTY OF THE UNIVERSEFrom cooler temperatures 0.3 M yrs after the “Beginning,”

to Galaxies, 2 B years later.

Hubble Optical Deep Field Image of Galaxies 12 Billion Light Years away, about 2 Billion years after “the beginning.” (1996)

Image of the universe 0.3 Million years after “the beginning.” This image of temperature fluctuations was measured by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. The cooler regions “seeded” the stars and the galaxies. 28

From Cosmos to PsycheJohn Wheeler’s Participatory Universe

Human consciousness & eyes have emerged from the beginning of the Universe (U) to look back 13.8 B years & ask,

“How did we get here and why?” 29

III. RECONCILIATION OF SCIENCE & RELIGION • Scientific conscious is a holistic property of our brains & bodies. It is the eternal pattern (personality) by which the neurons (parts) relate. Consciousness emerges from this non-reducible relationship.

•Divine consciousness is a holistic property of the universe by which its parts relate through God’s eternal logos. God’s eternal being is these patterns of the universe. (Pantheism) God creates & sustains these relationships & emergent creatures, but transcends them. (Panentheism).

•The EMERGENCE of homo sapiens with a sense of beauty (harmonious relationships) pointing to the Divine.

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