CO2 conversion to value added chemicals : An Overview

Dr Vijaykumar S. MarakattiResearch associate,JNCASR, Bangalore

CO2 level in earth atmosphere

Global warming (Green house effect) caused by remarkable increase of CO2 emission into the atmospheres.

Imbalance in carbon cycle.

high blood pressure , headache , flushed skin and twitching the muscles , vomiting , irregular heartbeat

https://www.co2.earth/

Contribution of CO2 emission by different countries

CO2 emission by different Sectors

15,300 Mt CO2 in 2035 13,000 Mt CO2 in 2010

Source of CO2

The cost of CO2 separation varies in a wide range from 15 to 90 US$/t.

The cost is today quite high being around 80−130 US$/tCO2.

Why CO2 activation is difficult

CO2 to methanol

Hydrocarbon -----------------> CO +H2----------- > CH3OHSteam Reforming Fischer -Troph

CO2 H2

If this process need to be viable – The price of CO2 and H2 should be less or equivalent to the Hydrocarbon price

CO2-- > Flue Gas--- >Purification ,Seperation, sorptionH2---> Renewable Energy sources --- > Electrolysis, water splitting, photo catalysis, wind.

This process is highly exothermic, Heat need to be removed by water and 0.8 t CO2 /t MeOH is produced in this process

H2 Production Cost

First Pilot Plat to Synthesize Methanol

from CO2 and H2

Mitsui Chemicals has put a pilot plant capacity of 100 t/y MeOH at Osaka, Japan

Petrochemical Factory

Production of H2 at Lower Cost

Why Methanol is so Important ?

It is the raw material for various chemicals

Catalyst development for CO2 to Methanol

Cu – H2 dissociation.ZnO2 with – dispersion of Cu and also absorption o f CO2

CO2 to methane Sabtier Reaction : CO2 + 4 H2--- > CH4 + 2H2O

International Space Station (ISS) and other low orbit missions, metabolically-generated CO2 is removed from the cabin air and vented into space, resulting in a net loss of O2. This requires a continuous resupply of O2 via water electrolysis, large water difficult to store.

CO2 + H2 ---- > Water + Methane

O2 +H2

Respiration Astronaut

Fuel

Norwegian company, Norway

Flue Gas + Methane, Pilot Plant

BP and thohaku University , Japan

Highly selective for the Methane , H2 from Sea Water

Desert Research institute

Pilot plat – Conversion of Co2 to 60% at 300 C

CO2 to Dimethyl Ether

CO2+H2 ----- > CH3OH ------- > DME

CO2+H2--------------------------- > DMEBifunctionl catalyst-- Cu based catalyst to support on Acidic Zeolite ZSM-5 or Al2O3 oxide.Cu ---> CH3OH …. Zeolite helps in Dehydartaion

High cetane number additive for the Fuel Diesel.

Korean Gas Corporation and Unitel technologies

Worlds first Largest DME Plant From CO2 Capacity - 300 Kt /Y

Core Technology

Economic Analysis

Commercial CO2 Plant

Still a Lot Of Chemicals Need to Be Synthesized ………….Let Us Develop the catalyst and Process and Save the Earth From CO2……………….

Thank You