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State of CSA Research and Development
In order to meet global demands, we will need
60-70% more food
by 2050.
Food security is at risk
Why is CSA important? – Food Security
Why is CSA important? – Adaptation
Climate drives ~32-39% yield variation: our systems are sensitive to climate, not resilient to it
Ray et al. 2015
2013
Why is CSA important? - Adaptation
Global wheat and maize
yields: response to
warming
Why is CSA important? - Mitigation
13
Agriculture-related activities are 19-29% of global greenhouse gas
emissions (2010)
Agriculture production (e.g., fertilizers, rice,
livestock, energy)
Land-use change and forestry including
drained peatlands
Industrial processes Waste
Percent, 100% = 50 gigatonnes CO2e per year
Non-Ag Energy
70
11
4 2
Why is CSA important? - Mitigation
“Business as usual” (BAU) agriculture emissions would comprise >70% of allowable emissions to achieve a 2°C world
Gt CO2e per year
2010 2050 (Business as
usual)
2050 (2°C target)
12 15
36
70
Non-agricultural emissions
Agricultural and land-use change emissions
>70%
48
85
21
Message 1:Agriculture and climate not in tune: CSA a means of achieving improving
this relationship
CSA Science: How much do we actually know?
Compendium of CSA practices65 practices/22 indicators
Key word search
Abstract/title review
Full text review
Data extraction
144,567 papers
16,254papers
6,100papers
~120,000 data points
Photo:K. Tully
Synergies and tradeoffs between food security and adaptation with
CSA
Mean effect from random sample of 130 studies (55 comparisons)
ProductivityA
dapt
atio
n
6% 16%
46% 32%SynergiesTradeoffs
Tradeoffs
Studies with indicators for at least one component of CSA
Random sample of 815 studies
Studies with indicators for all three components of CSA
Random sample of 815 studies
Need a new paradigm for research
Enga
gem
ent
Capacity development
CSA Investmen
t Portfolios
Targeting & PrioritizingPractices, Programs and Policies
Trade-offs & Value for Money
Vulnerability & Impacts + Readiness
Stocktaking for CSA
Action
Situation AnalysisRisks and Enabling Conditions
ProgramingGuidelines & Implementation Taking CSA
to Scale Knowledge into Action
Evidence Based Results Framework
Learning from
Experience
Monitoring and Evaluation Across Scales and Systems
CSA-Plan
• Indicators & targets to achieve• Agricultural snapshot• Future climate impacts• Ongoing & promising CSA
practices• Institutions & policy entry
points• Finance mechanism
Climate Smart Profiles
Vulnerability & Impacts + Readiness
Stocktaking for CSA
Action
Situation AnalysisRisks and Enabling Conditions
Upcoming for Nepal during next 6 months
CSA Investmen
t Portfolios
Targeting & PrioritizingPractices, Programs and Policies
Trade-offs & Value for Money
Vulnerability & Impacts + Readiness
Stocktaking for CSA
Action
Situation AnalysisRisks and Enabling Conditions
CSA-Plan
Prioritization in action
Guatemala Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food • ‘dry corridor’ - due to a severe drought in 2014• Objectives
• Assess and validate the previously incentivized practices from food for work program
• Prioritize practices for promotion by government extension.
Colombia Local organization: Foundation Rio Las Piedras• Objectives:
• Evaluate ongoing CSA practices • Improve existing practices • Create programs to scale up high outcome practices
Mali National Science Policy Dialogue Platform• Three zones prioritized – cc impact, production systems• Objectives:
• Create technical info for farmers• Cross-ministerial CSA programs to incentivize adoption
& investment
No blanket recommendations
Not CSA CSA
Many practices/programs/policies can be CSA somewhere
But none are likely CSA everywhere
Rosenstock et al. unpublished
Context
CSA Investmen
t Portfolios
Targeting & PrioritizingPractices, Programs and Policies
Trade-offs & Value for Money
Vulnerability & Impacts + Readiness
Stocktaking for CSA
Action
Situation AnalysisRisks and Enabling Conditions
Programming DesignGuidelines & Implementation
Taking CSA to Scale Knowledge into Action
CSA-Plan
Pulling the pieces together: Supporting Colombia’s national climate smart agenda
Clim
ate
resi
lienc
e
Baseline
Adapted technologies
Adapted technologies
+Climate-specific
management
Adapted technologies
+Climate-specific
management+
Seasonal agroclimatic
forecasts
Adapted technologies
+Climate-specific
management+
Seasonal agroclimatic
forecasts+
Efficient resource use
+Enabling
environment NAPs and
NAMAs
Climate smartness
Adapted technologies
+Climate-specific
management+
Seasonal agroclimatic
forecasts+
Efficient resource use
Requires a comprehensive approach• Partnerships: research and development, science and
policy, public and private• Knowledge generation: practices/technologies,
programmatic elements (insurance, climate information services)
• Work on CSA enablers: (sub-)National policies, UNFCCC global process, donor agendas
• Incentive mechanisms: innovative finance, private sector
Looking forward: Building evidence, systematic learning and scaling of CSA
https://csa.guide/
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