1. BAC. FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FST3201 BASIC FOOD
MICROBIOLOGY FOOD BORNE DISEASE VIBRIO CHOLERAE GROUP MEMBERS : 1.
AW YING HONG 176485 2. SOFIA NADIAH BINTI HASHIM 178303 3. NUR AIDA
BINTI AMIR 178843 4. PUTERI NAZIFAH BINTI MEGAT ABU BAKAR 180705 5.
MOHD ZAFREEN BIN SHAHRIL 180344
2. VIBRIO CHOLERAE - MORPHOLOGY Gram-negative bacteria
comma-shaped has a flagella at one cell pole has very thin fibrous
layer on the outside of the outer membrane
3. There are numerous strains of V. cholerae, some of which are
pathogenic and some of which are not. v. cholerae survives the high
acidic environment of the stomach, it will stick to the walls of
the small intestine and reproduce. DO YOU KNOW ???
4. VIBRIO CHOLERAE IS A FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE A facultative
anaerobe is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if
oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation or
anaerobic respiration if oxygen is absent.
5. WHERE IT CAN BE FOUND ??? The cholera bacterium is usually
found in or that have been contaminated by faeces (poop) from a
person infected with cholera.
6. Poor Sanitation Inadequate Hygiene Inadequate Water
Treatment EASILY SPREAD DUE TO :
7. REPORTED CASES : CHOLERA AND THE 2010 HAITIAN EARTHQUAKE The
devastating 2010 earthquake in Haiti killed over people. The
survivors had to deal with the loss of loved ones, rebuilding homes
and seeking out a livelihood. Unbeknownst to them, they also had to
contend with an invisible microbe that wreaked havoc in the
aftermath of the earthquake. In the two years following the
earthquake almost a half a million cases of cholera were reported
and over 6,600 people died of the disease in Haiti. This was the
biggest outbreak of cholera in over a century.
8. SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE o Symptoms of cholera can begin as soon
as a few hours or as long as five days after infection. o Often,
symptoms are mild. But sometimes they are very serious. o About one
in 20 people infected have severe watery diarrhea accompanied by
vomiting, which can quickly lead to dehydration. o Although many
infected people may have minimal or no symptoms, they can still
contribute to spread of the infection
9. SYMPTOMS : 1. Diarrhea. Cholera-related diarrhea comes on
suddenly and may quickly cause dangerous fluid loss as much as a
quart (about 1 liter) an hour. Diarrhea due to cholera often has a
pale, milky appearance that resembles water in which rice has been
rinsed (rice-water stool). 2. Nausea and vomiting. Occurring
especially in the early stages of cholera, vomiting may persist for
hours at a time. 3. Dehydration. Dehydration can develop within
hours after the onset of cholera symptoms. Depending on how many
body fluids have been lost, dehydration can range from mild to
severe. A loss of 10 percent or more of total body weight indicates
severe dehydration.
10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DEHYDRATION Heart Arrhythmia
(Irregular heartbeat) Low blood pressure Skin Loss of skin
elasticity Dry and shriveled skin Nasal Dry mucous membrane (
mouth, throat, nose & eyelids) Extreme thirst Muscle Muscle
cramps Lethargy (lack of energy & enthusiasm) Behaviour
Irritable (easily upset) Urinary System Little / no urine
output
11. If the dehydration is not treated, it can lead to shock and
death in a matter of hours.
12. TREATMENT Main treatment: Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement
(Hydration) Depending on how severe the diarrhea is, treatment will
consist of oral or intravenous solutions Severe infections
dehydration occurs: antibiotics kill the bacteria reduce the
duration of diarrhea by half reduce the excretion of the
bacteria
13. Rapid treatment with fluid and electrolytes : - helps to
prevent the spread of the disease. - result in better outcomes
while people with other health problems beside cholera (those who
are not rapidly replenished with fluid treatments tend to have a
poorer prognosis)
14. DIAGNOSE & DETECTION It is hard to distinguish a single
patient with cholera from a patient infected by another pathogen
that caused acute watery diarrhea without testing a stool sample.
Diagnosis can be made by isolation of bacteria from diarrhea fluid
on selective medium(TCBS) Vibrio cholera growing on TCBS
15. The selective media : Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt
Sucrose (TCBS) Agar Plates is ideal for isolation and detection.
Reagents for grouping vibrio cholera are available in all state
health department. In area that has no laboratories equipment, the
crystal VC dipstick test can provide early detection and warning to
public health that cholera outbreak is occurring. Using
culture-based method is more suitable for identification of vibrio
cholera
16. Use and drink bottled, boiled, or chemically disinfected
water for daily activities Avoid raw foods Unpeeled fruits and
vegetables Unpasteurized milk and milk products Raw or undercooked
meat or shellfish Fish caught in tropical reefs, which may be
contaminated Wash hands regularly with soap Avoid areas and people
with cholera PREVENTION
17. REFERENCES
http://study.com/academy/lesson/vibrio-cholerae-symptoms-
treatment-and-morphology.html
http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/general/index.html
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Vibrio_cholerae
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae
http://www.medicinenet.com/cholera/article.htm
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/cholera-faq
http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+h
ealth+internet/health+topics/health+conditions+prevention+and+treat
ment/infectious+diseases/cholera THANK YOU & HAVE A GOOD DAY
!!!