Cactoblas)s*cactorum*–"how"big"is"the"risk"to"na0ve"Opun)a?"

Kristen"E."Sauby"and"Robert"D."Holt"

Presenta0on"to"Florida"Na0ve"Plant"Society"

May"16,"2014"

Opun%a'and$Their$Specialist$Insect$Herbivores'

Opun%a'and$Their$Specialist$Insect$Herbivores'

Cactoblas%s'cactorum,$an$invasive$species$in$the$southeastern$United$States'

The"Path"to"the"North"American"

Introduc0on"of"C.*cactorum"

1925$

Successful"Biological"Control"in"Australia"

Before…" APer."

Photos$from$Osmond$et'al.'2008'(Journal$of$Experimental$Botany)$

1957$

Early$1930s$ 1925$

The"Path"to"the"North"American"

Introduc0on"of"C.*cactorum"

GASC

FL

Charleston

Miami

Tampa

TallahasseePensacola

!""#

#$$%

!"""

!""!

!""%

#$&$

!""'

ALMS

!""(

Mobile

11

7

6

49

5

8

10

Cactoblastis cactorum detections in the Southeastern United States

Most

Recent

Western

Detection:

Petit Bois

Island,

Mississippi

Jan. 2008Oct. 1989 First Continental US

Detection – Bahia Honda Key, FL

!""&

!"")

Source:$USDA$APHIS,$hNp://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/cactoblasTs/spread.shtml,$$$$$$$$accessed$21$March$2009$

Most$recent$detecTons:$Jefferson,$Lafourche,$and$Terrebonne$Parishes,$Louisiana$(2009)$

Sauby"et*al.*(2012)"

Sauby"et*al.*(2012)"

Sauby"et*al.*(2012)"

The$invasive$moth$is$found$primarily$on$O.*humifusa*var.*ammophila*and$O.*stricta$(Sauby$et'al.'2012)$

Sampling$at$the$Guana$Tolomato$Matanzas$NaTonal$Estuarine$Research$Reserve$(GTMNERR)$

Torreya SP

Mexico Beach

Big Lagoon SP

St. Andrew's SP

Nokuse Plantation

Henderson Beach SP

MARINELAND

SAINT AUGUSTINE

0 400 800 1,200 1,600200Kilometers

0 5 10 15 202.5Kilometers

400 0 400200 Meters

660 0 660330 Meters 0.6 0 0.60.3 Kilometers

ST. JOHNSCOUNTY

FLAGLERCOUNTY

0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.20.15Kilometers

0 0.5 10.25 Kilometers

0 350 700175 Meters

(a)

(b)

•  Regional$Pilot$Study$

•  Plot$Surveys$Across$7$Habitat$Patches$

•  Plant$Demography$Study$

Regional$Pilot$Study$(July\September$2011)$

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!( !(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

14%"

(26/187)"

•  Surveyed$521$locaTons$across$the$southern$GTMNERR$for$cacT$and$the$invasive$moth$

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(!(

!(

")

")")

")

")")

")

")")")")")")")")")")")")")")")")")")")")

")")")

")")

")

")

")

")")")")")

")

")

")

")

")

")

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

GTMNERR-observations_summer_2011.csv Events

GTMNERR-observations_summer_2011.csv Events

!( Invasive Moth Present!( Cacti Present!( Cacti Absent

Plot$Surveys$Across$7$Habitat$Patches$$•  Set$up$plots$according$to$a$straTfied$random$adapTve$cluster$

sampling$scheme$–  StraTfied$Random$Sampling:$plots$randomly$distributed$across$(a)$5$

islands$and$(b)$two$habitat$patches$–  AdapTve$Cluster$Sampling:$If$a$plot$had$cacT,$adjacent$plots$were$also$

surveyed$(c)$

•  1358$1\meter2$plots$•  Each$plot$was$surveyed$twice$a$year$from$May$2012$\$present$

Torreya SP

Mexico Beach

Big Lagoon SP

St. Andrew's SP

Nokuse Plantation

Henderson Beach SP

MARINELAND

SAINT AUGUSTINE

0 400 800 1,200 1,600200Kilometers

0 5 10 15 202.5Kilometers

400 0 400200 Meters

660 0 660330 Meters 0.6 0 0.60.3 Kilometers

ST. JOHNSCOUNTY

FLAGLERCOUNTY

0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.20.15Kilometers

0 0.5 10.25 Kilometers

0 350 700175 Meters

(a)

(b)

(c)"

Plots$Survey$Results$

4%"

(62/1471)""0.5%"

(5/991)""

Plant$Demography$Study$•  Mapped$and$marked$cacT$287$plots$(Jan.$–$May$2013)$•  Monitored$all$cacT$twice$a$year$(Jan.$2013$–$present)$

Plant$Demography$Results$(January$2013$–$February$2014)$

0.2%"

(27/947)"

•  0/975$O.'pusilla'plants$infested$with$the$invasive$moth$

•  19%$(374/1928)$of$all$cacT$had$cactus$moth$damage$$

•  222$plants$died$•  only$the$size$of$the$plant$

(number$of$segments)$was$a$significant$(negaTve)$predictor$of$mortality$

•  Cactus$moth$presence$was$not$a$significant$predictor$

Plant$Demography$Results$(January$2013$–$February$2014)$

Conclusions$

•  Theinvasive$moth$is$widely$distributed$throughout$Florida$

•  Only$a$subset$of$the$naTve$cacT$in$Florida$are$aNacked$regularly$by$the$invasive$moth$

•  The$invasive$moth$is$rare,$even$on$its$more$common$host$species$

Future$Work$

•  How$much$variaTon$in$vital$rates$(growth,$recruitment,$reproducTon,$and$survival)$is$explained$by$the$presence$of$specialist$herbivores$and$co\occurring$host$plant$species?$

•  Does$this$translate$into$spaTal$variaTon$in$populaTon$growth$rates?$$

Acknowledgments"•  University$of$Florida$

•  Robert$D.$Holt$•  Mary$Christman$•  James$Nifong$$•  Polly$Harding$

GTMNERR$•  KaTe$Petrinec$•  MaN$Welsh$

$

Ques0ons?"