Application of genetic control mechanism in Industrial

fermentation Process

By,Abhinava J V

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

FermentationFermentation is a metabolic process in

which an organism converts a carbohydrate, such as starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid.

Example: yeast perform fermentation to obtain energy by converting sugar into alcohol.

Industrial Fermentation

PharmaceuticalChemical

Food processing

Application of GE in Fermentation

Increase an organism’s productive capability

Construction of strains with other characteristics like objectionable color, odor, or slime can be removed for better performance.

The formation of spores that could lead to airborne spread of the microorganism can be suppressed.

The formation of harmful byproducts can be eliminated or reduced.

It can also help in resistance to bacterial viruses and increased genetic stability, can be given to micro-organisms that lack them.

Applying recent genetic engineering techniques to the production of industrially valuable enzymes may also prove useful in the future.

Limitation of GE on Fermentation

• Need identification of gene

Genetic maps

• Vectors

Genetic Systems

• Many Physiological Pathways is unknown

Physiological pathways

Production of

Recombinant Proteins

Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules of the living system. They have significant role in structural and functional organization of the cell.

Proteins that result from the expression of recombinant DNA within living cells are termed recombinant proteins.

Once a Recombinant DNA is inserted into bacteria, these bacteria will make protein based on this rDNA. This protein is know as Recombinant Protein

ProcessIsolation of genes.Insertion of isolated gene to expression

vector.Transfer of recombinant vector into host cell

through Transformation.Identification and isolation of cells containing

recombinant vector.Growth of cells through fermentation.Isolation and purification of protein.

Cloning processGene of interest is cut out

with restriction enzymes.

Host plasmid is cut with same RE

Gene is inserted into plasmid and ligated with ligase.

New (engineered) plasmid inserted into bacterium (transform)

Production of recombinant Insulin

Insulin

Insulin is produced by β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas.

Human insulin contains 51 amino acids ,arranged in two polypeptide chains.

The chain A has 21 amino acids while chain B has 30 amino acids both are held together by disulfide bonds.