P r e p a r e d b y : m u h s i n a l i a h m e d

M s c i n b i o t e c h n o l o g y

A n i m a l r e s o u r c e s d e p a r t m e n t

M u h s i n . A h m e d @ s u . e d u . k r d

M o b i l e n o : 0 7 5 0 4 9 3 5 0 9 9

Outline

1. Introduction

2. Improvement of biomass

3. Disease resistant

4. Recombinant vaccines

5. Livestock pharming products

INTRODUCTION

Animal biotechnology is new technology that opened many

doors in animal farm, medical and research fields.

IMPROVEMENT OF BIOMASS

• The pioneering experiment of palmiter and co-workers,

made in 1983, the giant mice were obtained over-

expressing rat GH gene fused to mMT promoter.

EXAMPLES:

Transgenic salmon fish

• The transgenic fish were produced transferring Growth hormone (GH) gene

• The first transgenic animal to be commercialized.

• Transgenic Salmon can grow 3 times larger than wild type Salmon.

• Can grow up to 6 times faster than wild type fish

Transgenics are genetically modified organisms with DNA from another source inserted into their genome

A large number of transgenic animals have been created

Mice Cows Pigs Sheep Goats Fish Frogs Insects

Currently, no transgenic animal or animal product is approved by the FDA or USDA for human consumption

Transgenic Cattle:Dairy cows carrying extra copies of two

types of casein genes produce 13% more milk protein

DISEASE RESISTANT

• Increased disease resistance can be achieved by introducing resistance-

conferring gene constructs into animals or by depleting a susceptibility gene

from the animal.

Genes encoding :

• Immunoglobulin or antibody

• Cytokines

• Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins,

• T-cell receptors (TCRs)

Immunoglobulin or antibody

Cytokines

T-cell receptors (TCRs)

RECOMBINANT VACCINES

Vaccination is the most effective strategy for the control of disease in human, poultry and other farm animals

The recombinant vaccine contain either a protein or gene coding for protein of a pathogen origin that is immunogenic

Recombinant vaccines are divided into three groups

• Live recombinant vaccines

• Recombinant vector vaccines

• DNA vaccines

Live recombinant vaccines

Recombinant vector vaccines

DNA vaccines

LIVE STOCK PHARMING PRODUCTS

• Producing therapeutic proteins in transgenic farm animals is

sometimes called ‘biopharming/molecular pharming

• . transgenic animals such as goats, cattle, pigs, rabbits and

chickens can be used to produce therapeutic proteins.

• Therapeutic proteins are used to treat human diseases. They

include hormones, antibodies, vaccines, growth factors and

blood clotting factors.

Examples

• Scientists at a research have generated transgenic cows that produce myelin

basic protein (MBP) in their milk (about 5–10g/L).

• MBP is part of the insulating layer that surrounds nerves.

•

• In patients with multiple sclerosis, this insulating layer is

gradually destroyed, which prevents the nerves from

communicating. Treatment with human MBP may help reduce

symptoms of multiple sclerosis.