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“Are you one of those people having a wrong perception
regarding the NATURE and
APPLICATION of organic compound,
ALCOHOL?”
Alcoholic beverages and rubbing alcohol are
examples of numerous industrial applications of
an alcohol called …
ETHANOL
FACTS ABOUT ETHANOLFORMULA ETHANOL =
CH3CH2OHSYNONYMS = ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol
USES common solvent in flavors & medicines.Industrial starting material.Found in alcohol beverages
TOXICITY Can be ingested at low levels
OTHERSColorlessOdorlessLiquid
FACTS ABOUT ETHANOLETHANOL PRODUCTION =
CH3CH2OH
PREPARATION FROM ETHENE
FERMENTATION Action of yeast on sugarA waste product of yeast metabolism
Complex biochemical process
Brewing from the beginning of civilization in ancient Egypt and alcoholic beverages were very important. Symbolic of this is the fact that while many Gods were local or familial, Osiris, the god of wine, was worshiped throughout the entire country. The Egyptians believed that this important God also invented beer, a beverage that was considered a necessity of life; it was brewed in the home "on an everyday basis."
EGYPTIANS
CHINESE A variety of alcoholic beverages were used in
China since prehistoric times. Alcohol, known in Chinese as Jiu was considered a spiritual food rather than a material (physical) food, and extensive documentary evidence attests to the important role it played in the religious life.
"In ancient times people always drank when holding a memorial ceremony, offering sacrifices to gods or their ancestors, pledging resolution before going into battle, celebrating victory, before feuding and official executions, for taking an oath of allegiance, while attending the ceremonies of birth, marriage, reunions, departures, death, and festival banquets."
MUSLIMS The isolation of ethanol (alcohol) as a
pure compound was first achieved by Muslim chemists who developed the art of distillation
The word "alcohol" almost certainly comes from Arabic language "Al" is Arabic word second part may be derived from “al-kuḥl” the name of an early distilled substance, or perhaps from al-ġawl, meaning "spirit" or "demon“ being called "spirits" in English.
But …. the reality, is that there are thousands of different compounds that belong to “Alcohol Family”.
METHANOL
FACTS ABOUT METHANOLFORMULA METHANOL =
CH3OHSYNONYMS = methyl alcohol, wood alcoholUSES
common solvent used in perfumes, other smelly stuff.important industrial starting material
TOXICITY Dangerous if ingestedCan cause blindness and death
OTHERSColorlessOdorlessLiquid
FACTS ABOUT METHANOL
METHANOL PRODUCTION = CH3OH
PREPARATION FROM CARBON MONOXIDE
MADE BY HEATING WOOD IN THE ABSENCE OF AIR Destructive distillation Wood alcohol
FACTS ABOUT 2-PROPANOLFORMULA 2-PROPANOL
=
SYNONYMS = isopropyl alcohol, rubbing alcoholUSES
disinfectant and astringent dry gas, industrial solvent
OTHERSColorlessSlight odorLiquid
TOXICITY highly toxic if ingested
FACTS ABOUT MENTHOL
Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. It is a waxy, crystalline substance, clear or white in color, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above.
FACTS ABOUT MENTHOL
Menthol
has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation.
CORTISOL: D’ STRESS HORMONE FACTS ABOUT
CORTISOL Cortisol is an
important hormone in the body, secreted by the adrenal glands and involved in the following functions and more:
Proper glucose metabolism Regulation of blood
pressure Insulin release for blood
sugar maintenance Immune function Inflammatory response
CORTISOL
if you are emotionally disturbed you will produce a lot of this which will eventually destroy your cells...
OXYTOCIN: D’ LOVE HORMONE FACTS ABOUT
OXYTOCIN Oxytocin is produced
mainly in the hypothalamus, where it is either released into the blood via the pituitary gland, or to other parts of the brain and spinal cord, where it binds to oxytocin receptors to influence behavior and physiology.
The excitement over the hormone began in the 1990s when researchers discovered that breastfeeding women are calmer in the face of exercise and psychosocial stress than bottle-feeding mothers.
OXYTOCIN
Oxytocin play an important role in helping females manage both emotional and physiological responses during life-altering events such as childbirth-converting potentially stressful experiences into opportunities for expressing joy and love.
CHOLESTEROL: D’ GOOD AND BAD FACTS ABOUT
CHOLESTEROL Cholesterol is a
lipid (fat) which is produced by the liver.
The word "cholesterol" comes from the Greek word chole, meaning "bile", and the Greek word stereos, meaning "solid, stiff".
Cholesterol is vital for normal body function.
Every cell in our body has cholesterol in its outer layer.
CHOLESTEROL
Cholesterol is carried in the blood by molecules called lipoproteins. A lipoprotein is any complex or compound containing both lipid (fat) and protein.
ESTRADIOL: D’ FEMALE HORMONE
FACTS ABOUT ESTRADIOL
Estradiol is a form of estrogen, a female sex hormone produced by the ovaries.
Estrogen is necessary for many processes in the body.
In women estradiol is responsible for growth of the breast and reproductive epithelia, maturation of long bones and development of the secondary sexual characteristics.
ESTRADIOL
At menopause, estrogen concentrations in the body fall to low levels. This decrease is often accompanied by vascular instability (hot flashes and night sweats), a rise in incidence of heart disease, and an increasing rate of bone loss (osteoporosis).
TESTOSTERONE: D’ MALE HORMONE
FACTS ABOUT TESTOSTERONE
Testosterone A "male hormone" -- a sex hormone produced by the testes.
Testosterone is the most potent of the naturally occurring androgens.
The androgens cause the development of male sex characteristics, such as a deep voice and a beard; they also strengthen muscle tone and bone mass.
TESTOSTERONE
High levels of testosterone appear to promote good health in men, for example, lowering the risks of high blood pressure and heart attack. High testosterone levels also correlate with risky behavior, however, including increased aggressiveness and smoking, which may cancel out these health benefits.
Now the BIG question is …What is an
ALCOHOL ?• Is a compound in which an
(OH) group or hydroxyl group is connected to an aliphatic carbon atom.
ALCOHOL
Is a derivative of water in which an ALKYL group has replaced one of the hydrogen atoms of water or simply ALCOHOL exhibits hydrogen bonding…
O
H HWater
CH3
O
H
Methanol
That property or … HYDROGEN BONDING
results to much higher boiling point of
ALCOHOL compares to other classes of organic
compounds…
ALCOHOL’S with one to five carbon atoms are soluble in water because alcohols can also form hydrogen bonding with water. But as the number of carbon atoms increases , the polar – (OH) group in the alcohol has less effect on SOLUBILITY of ALCOHOL …
NAME FORMULA S – (g / 100 g H2O)
Methanol CH3OH Any amount
Ethanol CH3CH2OH Any amount
Propanol CH3(CH2)2OH Any amount
Butanol CH3(CH2)3OH 8.3
Pentanol CH3(CH2)4OH 2.7
Primary Alcohol (1°) An alcohol in which the
– OH group is attached to CH3 – or to a carbon attached to one other carbon atom.
R – CH2 – OH
Secondary Alcohol (2°) An alcohol in which the carbon
bearing the – OH group is attached to two other carbon atoms.
R – CH – OH R’
Tertiary Alcohol(3°) An alcohol in which the carbon
bearing the – OH group is attached to three other carbon atoms.
C OH
R
R”
R’
CH3 – OH
CH3 – CH2 – OH
methanol (methyl alcohol)
ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – OH propanol
(propyl alcohol)
CH3 – CH – CH3
OH2 – propanol
(isopropyl alcohol)
EXAMPLES
CH3 – C – CH3
OH
CH3
2 methyl – 2 – propanol
(tert butanol)
RULES IN NAMING ALCOHOL
Step # 1 Name the longest chain to
which the hydroxyl group is attached. The chain name is obtained by dropping the final –e from the name of the hydrocarbon that contains the same number of carbon atoms and adding the ending – ol.
EXAMPLE
CH3 – CH2 – C – C – C – CH2 – CH3
CH2 – CH2 – CH3
CH2 – CH3
CH3 – CH2
CH3 – CH2 – CH2
OH
CH3
4,4,6,6 – tetraethyl – 5 – methyl – 5 – nonanol
Step # 2Number the longest chain to give the lower number to the carbon with the attached hydroxyl group.
Step # 3 Locate the position of the hydroxyl group by the number of the carbon atom to which it is attached.
Step # 5 Combine the name and location for other groups, the hydroxy group location, and the longest chain into the final name.
EXAMPLES
OH cyclohexanol (cyclohexyl alcohol)
CH3 – CH = CH – OH 1 - propenol
CH3 – C Ξ C – CH2 – CH2 – OH 3 - pentynol
CH3 – C Ξ C – CH – C = CH – OHCH3
CH3
2,3 – dimethyl – 1 – hexen – 4 – yne – 1 – ol
EXAMPLES
OH – CH2 – CH2 – OH 1,2 – ethanediol
OH
OHOH
1,2,3 – cyclopropanetriol
OH – C – C – OH
CH3
3HC CH3
3HC
2,3 – dimethyl – 2,3 – butanediol
MECHANICS All will be given a chance 2 answer I will be D’ one flashing
instructions/structures on screen Then, U will be doing Ur all, to comply with
the given instructions or 2 give name for every given structures.
U will be doing it first on Ur notebook. Then, if you are done U just have 2 “shout out” your name 2 class and spluke D’ magic words “I can answer that ma’am espie”
U will be given 20 seconds 2 answer on D’ board.
3 points will be added on your quizzes or exercises for every correct answer.
Good luck everyone!!!
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019STRUCTURE # 1
3,4,5 – trimethylphenol (2°)
O║
CH3
CH3
CH3
OH
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019STRUCTURE # 2
5 – ethyl – 4,4,5 – octanetriol (polyhydric)
CH3 – CH2 – C – C – OH
OH
OH
CH2 – CH2 – CH3
CH3 – CH2 – CH2
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019STRUCTURE # 3
4 – ethyl – 4 – propyl – 1 – hepten – 6 – yne – 1 – ol (1°)
CH3 – CH2 – C – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
CH2 – CH = CH – OH
CH Ξ C – CH2
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019STRUCTURE # 5
2 – cyclohexyl – 4 – phenyl – 3,3 – pentanediol
(polyhydric)
CH – C – CH
OH
OH
CH3 CH3
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019STRUCTURE # 6
3 – methyl – 2,4 – diphenyl – 3 – pentanol ( 3°)
CH – C – CH
OH
CH3
CH3 CH3
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019STRUCTURE # 7
3,4,5 – trimethyl – 2 – hexanol
( 2°)
OH – CH – CH – CH – CH – CH3
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019STRUCTURE # 8
1 – methyl – 2 – cyclopentyn – 1 – ol /
(1 – methyl – 2 – cyclopentynol) ( 3°)
OH CH3
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019STRUCTURE # 9
2,6 – dicyclopropyl – 3,5 – diethyl – 2,6 – dimethyl – 1 –
heptanol ( 1°)
HO – CH2 – C – CH – CH2 – CH – C – CH3
CH2 – CH3
CH3 – CH2
3HC CH3
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019STRUCTURE # 10
2 - propanol /(isopropyl alcohol) ( 2°)
CH3 – CH – CH3
OH
ELIMINATION REACTION
A reaction in which two or more
covalent bonds are broken and a multiple bond is
formed.
OXIDATION REACTIONA reaction of
alcohol in which two hydrogen
atoms are remove by an
oxidizing agent.
MECHANICS All will be given a chance 2 answer I will be D’ one flashing
instructions/structures on screen Then, U will be doing Ur all, to comply with
the given instructions or 2 give name for every given structures.
U will be doing it first on Ur notebook. Then, if you are done U just have 2 “shout out” your name 2 class and spluke D’ magic words “I can answer that ma’am espie”
U will be given 20 seconds 2 answer on D’ board.
3 points will be added on your quizzes or exercises for every correct answer.
Good luck everyone!!!
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019O║
EXAMPLEWhat will be the products
When heptanol undergoes oxidation reaction?
(Used Potassium Dichromate as your oxidizing agent)
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019O║
ITEM # 1
Do a dehydration reaction of tert-butanol alcohol
at 180°C using H2SO4
as your catalyst.
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019O║
ITEM # 2When Aromatic alcohol
Phenol and isopropyl alcohol undergoes
dehydration reaction at 140°C with H2SO4 catalyst it will
produce what products?
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019O║
ITEM # 3
How about when 2 – methyl – 2 – propanol
reacts with oxidizing agent Potassium Permanganate
It will produce what product?
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019O║
ITEM # 4
Do an oxidation reaction of industrial
solvent “2-methylcyclohexanol”
using Potassium Dichromate as your
oxidizing agent.
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019If butyl alcohol undergoes
oxidation reactionIt will produce what products?
(used KMnO4 as your oxidizing agent)
ITEM # 5
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019ITEM # 6
If 2 – hexanol undergoes
dehydration at 180°C with H2SO4 catalyst
it will produce what products?
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019O║
ITEM # 7
When isopropyl alcohol and 2 – propanol undergoes
dehydration reaction at 140°C with H2SO4 catalyst it will
produce what products?
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019O║
ITEM # 8
When 3,3 – dimethyl – 1 – pentanol undergoes
oxidation reaction with K2Cr2O7 oxidizing agent it will produce what
products?
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019O║
ITEM # 9
When 2,3,4 – trichloro – 3 – pentanol undergoes
dehydration reaction at 180°C with H2SO4 catalyst it will
produce what products?
181716000102030405060708091011121314152019O║
ITEM # 10When cyclobutanol and
butyl alcohol undergoes dehydration reaction at 140°C with H2SO4 catalyst it will
produce what products?