African historypaper

Dr Jacques Coulardeau - Créteil June 14-15, 2012 -

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PHYLOGENY OF LANGUAGE AND AFRICAN HISTORY

Dr Jacques COULARDEAU

CEGID Boulogne Billancourt

Synopsis Paie Nice

Université Paris 12 Créteil – June 14-15, 2012


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BIPEDAL RUNNER

MUTATIONS

1- Bipedal long distance running stance

2- Diaphragm

3- Rib Cage

4- Low Larynx

5- Innervation of larynx-glottis-mouth

6- Coordinating brain center: Broca’s area

TRAINING

1- Development of muscles, diaphragm, lungs, heart

2- Breathing technique and tempo

3- Heart rhythm

4- Coordination of leg/body movements, breathing tempo and heart beating


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LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC APPARATUS

1- Low Larynx

2- Deep breathing and regulated breath flow in and out

3- Articulationglottis – mouth – tongue – lips

+ nasal cavities

A rich set of vowels + a rich set of consonants + surviving clicks + potential rich articulation(s)


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THE TRAUMA OF BIRTH AND HUNGER

1- Long dependence of the child

2- First division of labor for women to nurture children with numerous and close pregnancies and deliveries: a woman is always carrying a child in a way or another after the age of 13

3- Indispensible communication that only reproduces and amplifies the need for communication in adult society


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EXISTENTIAL COMMUNICATION

CHILD RELATION OBJECT OF NURTURER

ACTION TRANSFER

Source Cries Cry/ Call Goal

[Agent] Calls Theme

Goal Delivers Food/Care Source

Provides Theme

EXISTENTIAL SYNTACTIC MATRIXSource R1 Theme1 Goal[Agent]

Goal R2 Theme2 Source Agent


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Gustave Guillaume and his glossogenic areas

Leçon du 28 janvier 1960., Leçons des années 1958-1959 et 1959-1960, publiées sous la direction de R. Valin et W. Hirtle, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, et Paris, Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1995, pp. 305-326

Gustave Guillaume and the « word »No phylogenic approach: emergence/invention of language and diachronyNo psychogenetic approach: acquisition of language by child.Only abstract ontogenic conceptualizing approach

The result is (Annie Boone & André Joly, Dictionnaire Terminologique de la Systématique du Langage, L’Harmattan, 1996, p. 41-45):

First area (Aire prime): holophrastic, agglutinative and isolating languagesSecond area (Aire seconde): Semitic languagesThird area (Aire tierce): Indo-European and Indo-Aryan languages.

Jacques Teyssier: the notion of « food »Germanic Root: /*fad-/ Proto-Indo-European root /*pa-/ generally specified with verbal notions.English stems: nominal /food/, verbal /feed/English fronds or words: Nominal: food, foods, feeding(s),

Verbal feed, feeds, fed, feded, feedingThe root or stem can give further fronds or words: fodder(s), feeder(s)


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The Three articulations (1) Sentence Morphogenics

1- Vowel + consonant

= vocal articulation (Clicks: non-articulatable or become consonants)

Meaningful vocal unit (interchange vowels and consonants)

2- Meaningful Vocal Unit + Meaningful Vocal Unit

= concatenation

Syncretic articulation

3- Meaningful Vocal Units + Syntax

= hierarchical architecture

Syntactic articulation

VOCAL – SYNCRETIC – SYNTACTIC


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MORPHOGENETIC ARCHITECTURE

FIRST LEVEL: VOCAL ARTICULATION

VOWELS + CONSONANTS [+ CLICKS]

MEANINGFUL VOCAL UNITS (MVUs)

Examples: bat – cat – fat – gat – hat – mat – pat – rat – sat – tat – vat – what -

SECOND LEVEL: SYNCRETIC ARTICULATION

MVU + MVU

CONCATENATED MVUs

Examples: dog woof woof – bird fly – yum yum macaroni – Me? Wine? Never!

THIRD LEVEL: SYNTACTIC ARTICULATION

MVUs + SYNTAX

HIERARCHICAL ARCHITECTURE

Examples: "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously“ (Noam Chomsky)

“To be or not to be, that is the question” (William Shakespeare)


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The Three articulations (2) Word Morphogenics

1- ROOTConsonantal roots in Semitic languages

Root + discursive inflection = word

2- STEMRoot + Categorial inflection in isolating languages

Invariable Stem = word

3- FRONDStem + nominal declension or verbal conjugation in agglutinative and synthetic/analytical languages

Frond = word

ROOT + STEMIC INFLECTION + DECLENSION:CONJUGATION AFFIXES{ [ ( RT ) ST ] DEC/CON }


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MORPHOGENETIC TREE

FRONDS

SYNTAX

STEMS

ROOTS

THIRD ARTICULATION

SECOND ARTICULATION

FIRST ARTICULATION


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LINGUISTIC CONSERVATISM

One migrates with one’s language. CONSERVATISM

An individual or a group tends to conserve their languages

A migrating language (carried by migrating people) develops from the state reached at the time of migration. PROGRESSIVENESS

CONSERVATIVE PROGRESSIVENESS

PROGRESSIVE CONSERVATISM

Sentence morphogenics evolve on the basis of the level of word morphogenics reached at the

time of the migration


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MIGRATIONS AND MORPHOGENICS

1- Migrations within Africa

a- Click languages to Southern Africa along East coast

http://www.vidiani.com/maps/maps_of_africa/large_detailed_africa_mountains_map.jpg


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1- Migrations within Africa

b- Root languages down the Niles, then west into the Maghreb and East into the Levant with movement back out of it from 80,000 to 35,000 BP: consonantal root languages, Semitic languages

http://www.vidiani.com/maps/maps_of_africa/large_detailed_africa_mountains_map.jpg


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2- Migrations out of Africaa- Stem languages along the southern Arabian corridor into Pakistan and then to eastern Asia: isolating languages, sino-tibetan languages, khmer-burman languages, Chinese, Korean, Japanese

http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinationRedirector?openMap=true&ethylCobjId=82535


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2- Migrations out of Africab- Frond1 languages along the southern Arabian corridor, into Pakistan then north and west under the Caspian sea to Anatolia, Caucasus and Europe, with alternative route north along the Caspian sea into central Asia, Siberia and then the Americas to the east and Ural and Europe to the West



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MIGRATIONS AND MORPHOGENICS2- Migrations out of Africa

c- Frond2 languages along the southern Arabian corridor, up the Persian Gulf to Mesopotamia, then up to the Iranian plateau, and then later down east to the Indian subcontinent (Indo-Aryran languages) and down west to Mesopotamia-Anatolia-Greece and alternative route to the north through the Caucasus and into Europe (Indo-European languages)



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TIMELINE OF MIGRATIONS

1- Emergence of Homo Sapiens, hence of articulated language

250,000 BP and moving backward

2- Click Khoisan languages as early as 250,000-200,000 BP

3- Consonantal Semitic languages 150,000 BP

4- Isolating Asian languages 100,000 BP

5- Agglutinative Turkic languages 75,000 BP

To Europe: circa 45,000 BP

6- Synthetic/analytic Indo-European/Indo-Aryan languages 50,000 BP

To Indian subcontinent and Europe circa 10,000 BP

250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 75,000 50,000 45,000 21,000 10,000 7-8,000Homo Click Consonantal Isolating Agglutinative Synthetic Cro- Ice-Age Indo-A NeolithicSapiens Khoisan Semitic Asian Turkic Analytic -Magnon ¨Peak Indo-E Change


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Thanks and fare thee well

Science

African historypaper