8.1.1_PAR 2030.7_Bower_EPRI/SNL Microgrid Symposium

© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ward BowerPresident – Ward Bower Innovations LLC

Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids

August 30, 2016

PAR 2030.7Draft Standard for

Specification of Microgrid Controllers

2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction

Quick Microgrid Standards Review/Background


Interconnect Standards (1547 Series)

IEEE Standard Title and short description

1547(2003) IEEE Std for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Sources

1547(2014)-Amendment

Std for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems

P1547(full revision)

Draft Std for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Power Systems Interfaces. PAR December 2013; Working group Jan 2014

1547.1(2005) Std for Conformance Tests Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (Oct 2015 revision kickoff)

1547.1 full revision

Draft Std for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces

P1547a Amendment 1

IEEE1547a Std for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Sources – Amendment 1 (The amendment limited to address three topics for change 1) voltage regulation, 2) voltage ride-through, and 3) frequency ride-through.)

1547.2(2008) Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Std for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems

1547.3(2007) Guide for Monitoring Information Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems

1547.4(2011) Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems (Revisions in process)

1547.6(2011) Recommended Practice for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks

1547.7(2013) IEEE P1547.7 Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection

P1547.8Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies f/Expanded Use of IEEE Std 1547-2003


Microgrid Standards (2030 Series)

IEEE Standard Title and Short Description2030 Guide for Smart Grid InteroperabilityP2030.1 Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation InfrastructureP2030.3 Standard for Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and

Systems for Electric Power Systems ApplicationsP2030.4 Guide for Control and Automation Installations Applied to the Electric

Power InfrastructureP2030.5 Standard for Smart Energy Profile 2.0 Application ProtocolP2030.6 Guide for the Benefit Evaluation of Electric Power Grid Customer

Demand Response.P2030.7 Standard for Specification of Microgrid Controllers (Approved by

IEEE SA, Jun 2014)P2030.8 Standard for Testing of Microgrid Controllers (Approved by IEEE SA, Jul

2015)P2030.9 Recommended Practice for the Planning and Design of the Microgrid


P2030.7 – Review of Key Terms

Point of Interconnection – POI is used instead of PCC (Point of common coupling– Note: There can be more than one PCC with microgrid systems.

POI is a consistent interconnect point for complex microgrids.Planned Islanding (Similar to Intentional Islanding in 1547)Unplanned Islanding (Similar to unintentional Islanding)Scope pertains to microgrids and microgrid controllers or

controller systems and not individual DERs.The microgrid control system must satisfy local utility

requirements to maintain stable control related to short term phenomena, including voltage and frequency deviations and voltage and frequency ride through requirements.


Microgrid and constitutive components


Functional requirements of a microgrid control system

The microgrid controller is responsible for monitoring the state of the system (information source) and if required notifying the protection system for appropriate action

Protection schemes within the microgrids are outside the scope of the functional specification considered in 2030.7

The microgrid has separate control and protection functionsThe other microgrid assets are responsible for protection and

coordination functions (relay, breaker, and recloser)A key element of a microgrid is the Microgrid Energy

Management System (MEMs)


Higher Level Functions – grid interface

Core Level Functions – operational

Lower Level Functions – local devices

Grid /DSO

Assets, Devices

Microgrid Control System

(Functional View) Connect/Disconnect Dispatch (simple rules or

optimization algorithm)

Grid/Market/Orders/Requests

Communications

Operator InterfaceHigher level dispatch/

Coordination

Voltage/Frequency Control Device-specific functions

Three functional levels of the Microgrid Energy Management System (MEMs)


P2030.7 – Core functions covered

P2030.7 standard specifies the core level functions, which any microgrid control system shall implement

Core functions are:– Connecting and disconnecting with the grid (transitions)– Supervisory dispatch of microgrid assets within ALL

operating states

The functions included in this standard shall be applications for grid connected as well as islanded/remote microgrids


Transition function: grid connected to islanded mode For transition from grid connected to islanded mode, the

steps are: – Planned Islanding: (a) Receive islanding command; (b)

Balance load and generation; (c) Create island; (d) Bring V and f within acceptable conditions (back to stable operation); (e) Tune and set local controllers and protection devices appropriately;

– Unplanned Islanding: (a) Detect islanding conditions; (b) Create island (implement a black start if required); (c) Bring V and f within acceptable conditions (back to stable operation), which implies balancing generation and load; (d) Tune and set local controllers and protection devices appropriately;


Transition function: Islanded mode and reconnectionFor reconnection to grid, the steps are:

– Resynchronize, match voltage, phase, and frequency within prescribed limits specified by the distribution system; (b) Tune and set local controllers and protection devices appropriately; (c) Reconnect (dispatch non-critical load, load restoration)

– For inverter based system detect islanding conditions subject to low-voltage ride through requirement


Transition function – measurable quantities and associated metrics:Directly measurable quantities:VoltageCurrent (time-domain/waveform)

Derived quantities:Frequency, RMS voltage, RMS current, phase angle, real

power (direction of power flow) and reactive power, energy, demand, power quality (voltage and current harmonic distortions, individual harmonics, voltage sags, voltage swells), reference tracking errors

Measured on both sides of the POI


Establish initial conditions

Issue planned islanding command

Invoke dispatch function to make load = generation

Verify load = generation

Open POI and send control mode changes to microgrid elements

Increment initial conditions

Observe satisfactory islanded operation

Testing Planned Islanding in Transition Function:


Dispatch function

Dispatch function description: defines the set points or operating state of microgrid assets in accordance to one or more rules, tables or algorithms, in order to maintain real and reactive power balance to meet predefined objectives

The measurable quantities and associated metrics for the transition function are:

Voltage, frequency, power quality (distortion); losses and efficiency, and emissions; reference tracking errors. The metrics are related and defined by objectives.

Testing of the dispatch function – operating scenarios Grid connected mode: variation of load and generation In islanded mode: variation of load and generation within the microgrid


Load POI Dispatch order

Load dispatch rule

Load initial conditions

Introduce disturbance(s)

Introduce new POI Dispatch order

Introduce new dispatch rule(s)

Increment initial conditions

Testing the Dispatch Core Function:

Observe operation per rules and order


IEEE 2030.7: Microgrid Control System Standardization


Function grouping – several options


Two level vs. Four Level

Four level scheme Two level schemeBlock 4

Decides WHAT the microgrid is to do.

Master Microgrid Controller (MMC)

Contains both the what and how functions for the microgrid as a unit.

Block 3

Decides HOW the microgrid will do it.

Block 2

Decides WHAT the element is to do.

Microgrid Element (BC, LC, GC, SC, MMC)

Contains both the what and how for each element.Block

1Decides HOW the element will do it.


Two Levels vs. Four

One question is whether the four-level division of functions makes things easier or harder than the two-level division. In practice, it may not be so easy to separate what and how questions.

An observation is that Block 2 as described in previous P2030.7 meetings is being conceived as a physical thing, e.g., a PLC, a group controller or EMS, rather than a logical set of abstract functions.


Mandatory and optional features

Feature Mandatory Optional Provide optimal dispatch of resources when grid connected Provide ancillary services for larger grid Execute seamless planned separation from the grid Execute seamless unplanned separation from the grid Execute separation without interruption of power Maintain voltage and frequency when islanded Provide prioritized power to loads when islanded Provide optimal dispatch of resources when islanded Execute emergency backfeed to predefined grid load Manage blackstart of microgrid Resynchronize and reconnect to grid


Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity

THANK YOU

Science

8.1.1_PAR 2030.7_Bower_EPRI/SNL Microgrid Symposium