1st session (Cloud Computing)

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What Is Cloud Computing?

• Generally speaking, cloud computing can be thought of as anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet.

• According to NIST Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service

provider interaction. (Special Publication 800-145)

Cloud Computing Guide

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What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is where the organization outsources data processing to computers owned by the vendor. Primarily the vendor hosts the equipment while the audited entities still has control over the application and the data. Outsourcing may also include utilizing the vendor’s computers to store, backup, and provide online access to the organization data. The organization will need to have a robust access to the internet if they want their staff or users to have ready access to the data or even the application that process the data. In the current environment, the data or applications are also available from mobile platforms (laptops with Wi-Fi or cell/mobile cards, smart phones, and tablets).

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"Cloud computing is a buzzword..."

"The concept, quite simply, is that vast computing resources will reside somewhere out there in the ether (rather than in your computer room) and we'll connect to them and use them as needed."

•- Jonathan Weber (The Times Online)

Fast Forward Your Developmenthttp://go.bath.ac.uk/xpcb

Alternative Definition

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http://go.bath.ac.uk/xpcb

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What It Provides

• Cloud computing provides shared services as opposed to local servers or storage resources

• Enables access to information from most web-enabled hardware

• Allows for cost savings – reduced facility, hardware/software investments, support

HISTORY & MARKET DRIVERS

Fast Forward Your Development

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• •EVOLUTION MODELS• •GRID• •WEB 2.0• •ISP

• •TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS• •ECONOMIC DRIVERS


Grid to Cloud Evolution

Grid Computing

Utility Computing

Cloud ComputingSaaS Computing

Solving large problems with Parallel computing

Made mainstream By Global Alliance

Offering computing resources as a metered service

Introduced inlate 1990s

Network-based subscriptions to applications

Gained momentum in 2001

Next-Generation Internet computing

Next-Generation Data Centers


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Web 2.0

• "Web 2.0" refers to the use of the Internet for interpersonal content sharing and online service delivery. Whereas the unnamed "Web 1.0" that came before it was largely concerned with creating and viewing online the Web 2.0 concept highlights services that allow people to find and manipulate content, coupled with those that enable all types of media and services to be published and interlinked (or "mashed") in places that lots of people actually know about. Key players in the emerging Web 2.0 marketplace therefore include Google, YouTube, Twitter andWikipedia.

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http://www.google.com/

http://www.youtube.com/

http://www.twitter.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/

Web 2.0 & Clouds


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• Web 2.0 concentrate on the private user and clouds are descendents of data centers which service the Enterprise.

• However Web 2.0 promoted SaaS which is partof the cloud• Web 2.0 companies needed massive scalingtechnologies which promoted cloud (Amazon)• User centric Web2.0 companies (Twitter,

SlideShare) are relaying on Cloud Service


ISP to Cloud Evolution

Source: Forrester Research, Inc.


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Grid vs. CloudGrid Cloud

Underlying concept Utility Computing Utility Computing

Main benefit Solve computationally complex problems

Provide a scalable standard environment for network- centric application development, testing and deployment

Resource distribution /allocation

Negotiate and manage resource sharing; schedulers

Simple user <-> providermodel; pay-per-use

Domains Multiple domains Single domain

Character / history Non-commercial, publiclyfunded

Commercial


Cloud Components

Cloud Components

•Application

•A cloud application leverages the Cloud in software architecture, often eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus alleviating the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support. • Web application (Facebook)

•Software as a service (Google Apps, SAP & Salesforce)

•Software plus services (Microsoft Online Services)

•Client

•A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on The Cloud for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it. •Mobile (Android, iPhone )

•Thick client / Web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)

Cloud ComponentsInfrastructureCloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as a service, is the delivery of computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service.For example:Full virtualization (GoGrid, Skytap)Grid computing (Sun Grid)Compute (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud) PlatformA cloud platform, such as Platform as a service, the delivery of a computing platform, and/or solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.For example:Web application frameworks • Ajax (Caspio)• Python Django (Google App Engine)• Ruby on Rails (Heroku)Web hosting (Mosso, Clustered Cloud)

Cloud Components

ServiceA cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are delivered and consumed in real-time over the Internet.For example:Identity (OAuth, OpenID)Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service, Google Checkout, PayPal)Mapping (Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps)Search (Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS)

•Storage

•Cloud storage involves the delivery of data storage as a service, including database-like services, often billed on a utility computing basis, e.g., per gigabyte per month.

•For example:•Database (Amazon SimpleDB, Google App Engine's BigTable )

•Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix )

WHAT IS NEW IN CLOUD COMPUTING

• The illusion of infinite computing resources available on demand, thereby eliminating the need for Cloud Computing users to plan far ahead for

provisioning.

• The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users, thereby allowing companies to start small and increase hardware resources only when there is

an increase in their needs.

• The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as needed (e.g., processors by the hour and storage by the day) and release them

as needed, thereby rewarding conservation by letting machines and storage go when they are no longer useful.

Incentives


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Essential Characteristics

• On-demand self-serviceA consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider.

• Broad network accessCapabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).

Source: NIST Special Publication 800-145

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Characteristics

• Resource poolingThe provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers Resources can be dynamically assigned and reassigned according to customer demandCustomer generally may not care where the resources are physically located but should be aware of risks if they are located offshore


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Characteristics

• Rapid elasticityCapabilities can be expanded or released automatically (i.e.,

more cpu power, or ability to handle additional users)

To the customer this appears seamless, limitless, and responsive to their changing requirements

• Measured service

Customers are charged for the services they use and the amountsThere is a metering concept where customer resource usage can be

monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service


CLOUD SERVICES DEFINITIONS


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XAAS – X AS A SERVICE


XAAS/EAAS• Everything as a service (EaaS, XaaS,*aaS) is a

concept of being able to call up re-usable, fine- grained software components across a network. It is a subset of cloud computing. The most common and successful example is software as a service (SaaS), but the as a service moniker has been associated with many other functions including communication, infrastructure and platforms, most of which are core components of cloud computing.


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Cloud Services Types


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• Many service types try to “reuse” the success of cloud computing.

• In this course we focus on the main three majorservices:▫ IAAS▫ PAAS▫ SAAS• Other services:▫ DAAS▫ NAAS▫ CAAS


Major Cloud Computing Services


www.dsp-ip.comSaaS is the strongest Cloud trend and Service

SaaS(Software as a Service)

Applications, typically available via the browser:•Google Apps•Salesforce.com

PaaS(Platform as a Service)

Hosted application environment for building and deploying cloud applications:•Salesforce.com•Amazon E2C•Microsoft Azure

IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service)

Utility computing data center providing on demand server resources:

•HP AdaptiveInfrastructure as a Service

•Rackspace

•Amazon E2C & S3

Three primary models for Cloud Computing have emerged:


SAAS


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• SAAS – Software as a service▫ The major service given as part of Cloud-

Computing services.▫ The first service▫ Most Known and used• The application itself is provided by the serviceprovider.• Examples:▫ Enterprise: SalesForce.Com, Webex, OfficeLive▫ User Mail: Gmail, Hotmail▫ User Pics: Flickr, Picasa


IAAS


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• IAAS – Service providers offers capacity for rent, basically hosted Data Centers & Servers

• An evolution of web site and server hostingservices which provided servers and VPS• Examples▫ Verizon’s CAAS – Computing as a service▫ AT&T – Hosting & Storage


PAAS


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• PAAS – Platform as a Service• Platform enables application developers to

host• their services• Examples:• ▫ Google’s AppEngine


Services Framework at the Data Center


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IAASUtility Computing

Platform as a Service(PaaS)

Cloud-based UserApplications

Simple Service Map


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NAAS


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• Network as a Service• Provide a global network capability, CDNs for• example• Example, known video CDNs like:• ▫ Akamai• ▫ Limelight• ▫ L3• ▫ Amazon CloudFront (limited solution)


DAAS• Data as a Service• DaaS - A software as a service or web service

offering that provides customers with access and analytics around a set of proprietary set of aggregated data.

• Example - Salary.com collects user data by offering individuals the ability to benchmark their compensation levels against others. Sell anonomized data to companies (HR managers) for hiring and compensation related usage. Others D&B.


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http://www.salary.com/

http://www.salary.com/


CAAS (Not Leasing)• Communications as a Service (CaaS) is a

type of outsourced enterprise communications solution where a third party vendor (known as CaaS vendor) is responsible for the management of hardware and software required for delivering Voice over IP (Voice as a Service), instant messaging, and video conferencing applications using fixed and mobile devices.

• Example: IP-Centrex, a remote PBX


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Service Maps


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Cloud Taxonomy


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http://rationalsecurit y.typepad.com/blog/2009/01/cloud- computing- taxonomy-ontology- please-review.html


http://rationalsecurity.typepad.com/blog/2009/01/cloud-computing-taxonomy-ontology-please-review.html




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Cloud Services Features - Discussion


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• Consumed over Internet/Cloud• Anywhere - location Independent (?)• Any Device - device Independent (?)• provided by 3rd party (?)• Shared infrastructure (multi-tenancy)• Little or no capital expenditure asinfrastructure is owned by the provider.• Massive scalability is also common, though

this is not an absolute requirement and many of the offerings have yet to achieve large scale.

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5 Key Cloud Characteristics

• On-demand self-service• Ubiquitous network access• Location independent resource pooling• Rapid elasticity• Pay per use

Cloud Models

• Delivery Models– SaaS– PaaS– IaaS– Bpaas and more

• Deployment Models– Private cloud– Community cloud– Public cloud– Hybrid cloud

• We propose one more Model: Management Models (trust and tenancy issues)– Self-managed – 3rd party managed (e.g. public clouds and VPC)

From [1] NIST

Impact of cloud computing on the governance structure of IT

organizations

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Service ModelsPlatform-as-a-Service (PaaS)• A service model that involves outsourcing

the basic infrastructure and platform (Windows, Unix)

• PaaS facilitates deploying applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software where the applications are hosted.

• The customer uses their own applications

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Service ModelsSoftware-as-a-Service (SaaS)• Also referred to as “software on

demand,” this service model involves outsourcing the infrastructure, platform, and software/applications.

• Typically, these services are available to the customer for a fee, pay-as-you-go, or a no charge model.

• The customer accesses the applications over the internet.

CLOUD TYPES


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•PRIVATE•PUBLIC•HYBRID


Public Cloud

Public Cloud

• Public Cloud: the services are delivered to the client via the Internet from a third party service provider.

• Example: Amazon

Private Cloud• Private Cloud: these services are managed and

provided within the organization. There are less restriction on network bandwidth, fewer security exposures and other legal requirements compared to the public Cloud.

• Example: HP Data Centers

Private Cloud


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Public vs. Private clouds


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Benefit Public PrivateIllusion of infinite resources on- demand

Yes Unlikely

Elimination of up-front commitment byusers

Yes No

True pay-as-you-go on short-termbasis

Yes No

Economy of scale Yes No

Better utilization through workloadmultiplexing

Yes Dependson size

Better utilization & simplifiedoperations through virtualization

Yes Yes

Hybrid Cloud

• Hybrid Cloud: there is a combination of services provided from public and private Clouds.

• Example:▫ ERP in Private cloud▫ Sales & Email on public

Hybrid Cloud


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Cloud Concerns

• Yep• Security is No 1 !


Security Risks & Challanges• Conflicts with international privacy laws,• Data ownership• Service guarantees• Securing virtual machines• Massive outages• Encryption needs & Standards• Storing sensitive & personal information in

clouds• Contingency planning / disaster recovery for

clouds

SaaS Pro & Cons


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Benefits•Speed•Reduced up-front cost, potentialfor reduced lifetime cost•Transfer of some/all supportobligations•Elimination of licensing risk•Elimination of versioncompatibility•Reduced hardware footprint

• Challenges• Extension of the

security model to the provider (data privacy and ownership)

• Governance and billing management

• Synchronization of client and vendor migrations

• Integrated end-user support

• ScalabilityStrong governance required to prevent lines of business from purchasing

application services externally without IT involvement

PaaS Pro & Cons


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Benefits•Pay-as-you-go for development, test, and production environments•Enables developers to focus onapplication code•Instant global platform•Elimination of H/W dependencies and capacity concerns•Inherent scalability•Simplified deployment model

• Challenges• Governance• Tie-in to the vendor• Extension of the

security modelto the provider• Connectivity• Reliance on 3rd party

SLA’s

Strong governance required to prevent lines of business from buildingapplications without IT involvement

IaaS Pro & Cons


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Benefits•Systems managed by SLA should equate to fewer breaches•Higher return on assets through higherutilization•Reduced cost driven by

▫ Less hardware▫ Less floor space from smallerhardware footprint

▫ Higher level of automation from fewer administrators▫ Lower power consumption•Able to match consumption to demand

•Challenges•Portability of applications•Maturity of systems managementtools•Integration across Cloud boundary•Extension of internal securitymodels

IaaS is the onramp for corporate IT to Cloud Computing!

SaaS, PaaS, & IaaS migration1) SaaS▫ Easy first step to adopt alternative desktop office application▫ Requires nothing more than a credit card to start with▫ Will drive home the SOA value proposition

2) PaaS• Aimed primarily at small & new companies but models apply to

all• Large companies will benefit as services scale up and model is

driven into internal software development tools and processes

3) IaaS• New approach to Utility Computing• Scale using external provider to avoid cap-ex of peak demand• Longer term play due to immature tools and resistance to change

Cloudbursting vs Bursting the Cloud

• Cloudbursting is to allow the cloud to act as overflow resources in the event your own infrastructure becomes overloaded

▫ Critical tasks (revenue generating) in owndatacentre

• Bursting in the cloud is applied to resources such as servers, application servers, application delivery systems, and other infrastructure required to provide on-demand computing environments

• Cloud bursting is an application deployment model in which an application runs in a private cloud or data center and bursts into a public cloud when the demand for computing capacity spikes.

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Bursting the cloud• Automate the cloud's data centre• Requires more than simple workflow systems▫ on-demand control and management over alldevices in the delivery chain▫ from the storage to the application and web servers

to the load-balancers and acceleration offerings that deliver the applications to end-users

▫ “

Suggested migration levels

Source: eweek

Science

1st session (Cloud Computing)