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When we will do? When the GLOBAL WARMING comes . When Mother Earth will destroy . SO VOTE FOR THIS PRESENTATION . JUST LIKE YOU HELP OUR EARTH .
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A presentation developed by the National Academy of Sciences based on its report Ecological Impacts of Climate Change (2009): www.nas.edu/climatechange.
National Academy of SciencesNational Academy of Engineering
Institute of MedicineNational Research Council
The Climate is Changing
• Temperatures are rising• Sea levels are rising• The ocean is acidifying• Climate change is reflected
in water cycle changes and in extreme weather
Temperature rise, indicated by color (red=higher rate of increase). Earth’s surface
temperature has risen ~1.3˚ F since 1850.
Image courtesy of the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere & Ocean, U. of Washington.
National Academy of SciencesNational Academy of Engineering
Institute of MedicineNational Research Council
Ecological Impacts
Living things are intimately connected to their physical surroundings.
Ecosystems are affected by changes in: – temperature– rainfall/moisture– pH
– salinity (saltiness)– activities & distribution of other species– …many other factors
National Academy of SciencesNational Academy of Engineering
Institute of MedicineNational Research Council
Ecological Impacts
As a result of climate change, species and ecosystems are experiencing changes in: – ranges– timing of biological activity– growth rates– relative abundance of species
– cycling of water and nutrients– the risk of disturbance from fire, insects, and invasive species
National Academy of SciencesNational Academy of Engineering
Institute of MedicineNational Research Council
Ecological Impacts
• As a result of climate change, species and ecosystems are experiencing changes in: – ranges– timing of biological activity– growth rates– relative abundance of species
– cycling of water and nutrients– the risk of disturbance from fire, insects, and invasive species
National Academy of SciencesNational Academy of Engineering
Institute of MedicineNational Research Council
Range Shifts
Species are relocating to areas with more tolerable climate conditions.
Range shifts particularly threaten species that:
– cannot move fast enough – depend on conditions that are
becoming more rare (like sea ice)
Plant hardiness zone maps, 1990 and 2006. Most zones shifted northward in this period.
Map courtesy of the National Arbor Day Foundation.
National Academy of SciencesNational Academy of Engineering
Institute of MedicineNational Research Council
Ecological Impacts
As a result of climate change, species and ecosystems are experiencing changes in: – ranges– timing of biological activity– growth rates– relative abundance of species
– cycling of water and nutrients– the risk of disturbance from fire, insects, and invasive species
National Academy of SciencesNational Academy of Engineering
Institute of MedicineNational Research Council
Timing of Biological Activity
Some seasonal biological activities are happening 15-20 days earlier than several decades ago:
– Trees blooming earlier
– Migrating birds arriving earlier
– Butterflies emerging earlier
Changes in timing differ from species to species, so ecological interactions are disrupted.
European pied flycatcher chicks are now born later than the caterpillars they eat.
Images used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
National Academy of SciencesNational Academy of Engineering
Institute of MedicineNational Research Council
Global Changes, Local ImpactsAlthough climate change is global, the
ecological impacts are often local.
What’s happening in your backyard?
National Academy of SciencesNational Academy of Engineering
Institute of MedicineNational Research Council