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ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN
MULTIFAMILY AFFORDABLE HOUSING CONN-NAHRO ANNUAL CONVENTION
AUGUST 31, 2015
KATHY DORGAN, DORGAN ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING
COLETTE SLOVER, CT DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING
MARCUS SMITH, CT HOUSING FINANCE AUTHORITY
KIM STEVENSON, CT GREEN BANK
STEPHEN TURNER, STEPHEN TURNER INC.
A.) Green building is the practice of creating structures and
using processes that are environmentally responsible and
resource efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from
siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance,
renovation and deconstruction.
- EPA
B.) Green buildings are high performance, healthful, durable,
affordable and environmentally sound buildings.
- LEED for Homes
C.) A green building is one that uses energy and materials
more effectively both in production and operation while
polluting and damaging natural systems as little as possible.
- buildingscience.com
What is green building?
Key Steps in the Green Process
1. Goal Setting: i.e. LEED, Energy Star, or
Cost Effective
2. Benchmarking: Energy & Water Use
3. Team Selection: Internal and external
4. Property Assessment/ Green PNA:
health, safety, resilience, Renewable &
conservation
Key Steps in the Green Process (cont.)
5. Financial Scoping
6. Process Selection
7. Design and specification
8. Bidding
Key Steps in the Green Process (cont.)
9. Construction & Quality Assurance
10. Commissioning
11. Measurement & Verification (M&V)
Key Steps in the Green Process (cont.)
12. Operations & Maintenance (O+M)
including tenant services
Key Steps in the Green Process (cont.)
9 units elderly housing, new const.
Total development cost: $2.1MM
Funding: DOH, CEEF Rebates, STEAP
Photovoltaic panels for electricity
Solar thermal panels for hot water
LEED Accredited
Boston Terrace Guilford Housing Authority
Guilford, Connecticut
Case Study:
Zero-energy elderly housing
54 family and supportive units
Total development cost: $21.8MM
Funding: CHFA, DOH, 4% LIHTC
proceeds
Energy-efficient windows, insulation,
heating systems, appliances
31% more efficient than code
Sasco Creek Village Westport Housing Authority
Westport, Connecticut
Case Study:
State-sponsored housing w/ LIHTCs
30 family and supportive units
Total development cost: $8MM
Funding: CHFA, Permanent
Supportive Housing, City HOME
funds
Connecticut’s 1st Certified
Energy Star Multifamily Hi-Rise
37% more efficient than code
Gateway at 570 Bridgeport, Connecticut
Case Study:
Supportive housing
157 units elderly housing
Total development cost (est.): $1.7MM
Electric-to-gas fuel conversion
$170,000 annual energy savings (proj.)
Additional capital needs for masonry
Plaza on the Green Waterbury, Connecticut
Case Study:
Fuel Conversion
82 units, mixed-use, mixed-income
Total development cost:
$2.625MM C-PACE, Federal grant
Lifetime energy cost savings: $4.3MM
Annual energy savings: 875 kW
Cargill Falls Putnam, Connecticut
Case Study:
Hydropower
Typical Recommissioning Findings in Multifamily Facilities
• Installation problems
• Maintenance concerns
• Geothermal system operation
• Tenant awareness
• Seasonal billing profiles
• Capital planning
Case Study:
Recommissioning
Case Study:
Recommissioning
Installation Findings
unfinished work
missing components
improper installation
debugging and tuning not
done
as-built, operations/
maintenance documentation
incomplete or inaccurate
Maintenance Concerns preventive maintenance
controls recalibration
complex systems
Case Study:
Recommissioning
Geothermal System Findings open loop vs. closed loop
well installation issues
well water quality
inadequate well capacity
during peak load periods
Tenant Awareness controllability
multiple systems &
thermostats in unit
set points & set back impacts
on utility bills
Where to Begin: Identifying Green Opportunities
Who Does What
• ENERGY AUDITOR
• Research
• Energy and Water Data
• Review of operations
• Physical Inspection
• Analysis
• Recommendations
Energy Audit
Audit Types
(MOST to LEAST Extensive)
• Investment Grade Audit
• Whole building audit
• Weatherization audit
• Walkthrough audit
Audit Recommendations:
• Energy Conservation Measures
• Integrated Pest Management
• Property repairs
• Other
Energy Auditors vs. HERS Raters
Energy Auditors pinpoint where buildings
are losing energy, which systems are working
inefficiently, and what cost effective
measures can be put in place.
HERS Raters use energy efficiency software
to perform an energy analysis based off of
the buildings construction plans and onsite
inspections. The building is then given a
rating on the HERS Index, which provides a
comparative analysis with buildings of similar
structure and capacity.
A Comprehensive HERS Rating includes both an energy audit and a rating score on the HERS Index.
Energy Audit
Pre-Development Programs
DOH Pre-development Fund
Pre-Development
Loan Funds
Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC)
• 9% - Annual Allocation - $8M
• 4% - “As of Right” combined with Tax-Exempt
Bond financing
• Targets households at or below 60% AMI
Housing Tax Credit Contribution (HTCC) Program
• Annual Allocation - $10M
• Available to non-profit organizations
| Financing Programs
CHFA Energy Conservation Loan Program
• Most energy efficient improvements eligible
• Flexible financing to fit savings projections
• Energy audit required, must be in CHFA
portfolio
• $1 million+ committed in 2014
Multifamily Credit
Enhancement Fund
Solar Financing
CHIF LIME Loan
www.c-pace.com Brian Sullivan – [email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]
| Financing Programs
Importance of Measurement &
Verification (M&V) Proper M&V allows building owners to document and confirm energy savings
from newly installed equipment and systems, and to ensure that the savings will
persist over time.
The three levels of M&V include:
Presidentsclimatecommitment.org ; energy.gov ; eeperformance.org
Building Level
End-Use Level
Equipment Level
“What cannot be measured cannot be managed” Specific Equipment
• Verifies that the installed equipment
and systems continue to yield the
predicted savings during the term of
the contract
Building Level • Savings are determined by
continuous measurements of an
entire facilities energy use
• Uses an analysis of the whole
facilities baseline and reporting
period meter data
End-Use Level • Spot measurements of specific
equipment help monitor equipment
performance to ensure equipment is
operating as designed
• Confirms that the proper equipment
and systems were installed and that
they have the potential to generate
predicted savings
• Continuous measurements monitor
performance & determine operating
costs/savings
Presidentsclimatecommitment.org ; energy.gov ; eeperformance.org
Importance of Measurement &
Verification (M&V)
Proactive Capital Planning &
Maintenance
A prioritized systems renewal plan
for obtaining funding for
replacement of systems as they
reach the end of their useful or
economically feasible life.
data collected is used to develop capital
renewal projection
helps to stabilize long-term cash flow by
reducing unplanned cash flowing out, and
supports the long-term projection
enables the owner to optimize enhanced
PM program, and use actual data to adjust
the Capital Renewal Plan
provides preliminary renewal estimates to
support the owner in developing a Capital
Renewal Plan
Proactive Capital Planning &
Maintenance
Preventive
Maintenance
improves the
persistence of
building performance
Preserves system
asset values in the
near term
Foundation of a
predictable cash flow
Preventive Maintenance
Supports equipment efficiency
Mitigates consequences of equipment
failure
Helps avoid deferred
maintenance
Stabilizes maintenance
& energy costs
“It is critical that all operations personnel be
knowledgeable and properly trained on the
operation and maintenance procedures to ensure system efficiency.”
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
Optimum Performance
Likely aging
(without renewal) with
normal maintenance
Likely aging without
normal maintenance
Service life lost to
poor maintenance
irreversible
Minimum acceptable
performance
Design
Service Life
Proactive Capital Planning &
Maintenance
KATHY DORGAN | (860) 487-6740
[email protected] | www.kdorgan.net kd
STEPHEN TURNER | (401) 273-1935
[email protected] | www.greenbuildingcommissioning.com sti
KIM STEVENSON | (860) 257-2890
[email protected] | www.ctgreenbank.com cgb
MARCUS SMITH | (860) 571-4314
[email protected] | www.chfa.org chfa
COLETTE SLOVER | (860) 270-8255
[email protected] | www.ct.gov/doh doh