Building and Tech 2 Past Year Exam Questions Analysis

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Pile Foundation 1a) Piles may be classified by the way in which

they transmit their loads to

subsoil or by the way they are constructed.

Explain.

b) Explain one of the methods of pile testing

and the types of piles cap.

answered

1a) What is pile foundation? State conditions where it must be used.

A pile is a column of concrete that extends downward

deep into the soil.

P iled foundations consist of a number of piles

connected by a ring of concrete called a ground beam.

This is similar to a strip foundation but not as wide.

#1: Method of construction is to drive precast piles into the soil using hydraulic drop hammer.

#2: Bored Pile- the drilling of a pile hole in the soil,

which is then poured with concrete and reinforced with steel.

Once the piles are complete, the ground beam can be created. This is the surface of which the walls of the

dwelling can be built. answered

1a) Explain with diagram, how pile foundation

distribute its load.

b) What is a partially pre case pile? With

diagram, explain the pile

driving operations. answered

1a) Explain classification of piles.

b) Use diagram, elaborate diff

between driven pile and bored pile.

answered

1a) Explain the conditions of construction

site where the piled

foundation must be used.

b) Explain the term 'pre-cast

concrete piles' and 'in situ concrete piles'.

Elaborate the methods of

constructions of the piles. answered

2a) Explain the functions of foundation.

b) Explain in what situation

the strip foundation can be used and

how this type of foundation is

constructed. c) Illustrate diff bet. Pad and

Raft Foundation.

1bi) Mortar ii) Bonding iii) Jointing &

Pointing iv) Slump test

1a) Explain factors in selecting

building foundation.

b) Explain characteristics of Strip and Pad

Foundation. answered

Site Investigation 2a) Explain dewatering techniques at

construction sites.

1a) Site investigation is important

ensure the suitability of the site for the

proposed development.

a) Explain the objectives of Site

Investigation b) Prepare a

report regarding the information needed from

the site investigation.

c) Describe 'Desk Study' in Site

Investigation work.

Scaffolding 4a) Explain what is scaffold and state the function of

scaffolds. bi) Putlogs scaffolds

ii) independent scaffolds

4a) What is

'scaffold' and state the functions and

materials used for scaffolding.

b) Use diagram, explain main elements of

scaffolding.

Shoring 4a) Explain what is shoring

and state the situation where shoring is

required. b) With

diagram, explain types of shoring

systems.

Formwork 4a) State requirements

should be fulfilled by formwork.

4b) Explain i) Foundation

formwork ii) Column formwork

iii) Beam Formwork

(diagram)

2a) Explain the term 'skeleton

frame' and elaborate the functions of its

elements b) What is

concrete portal frame? State advantages of

using pre-case concrete portal

frame.

Retaining Wall

Cement/ Bricks 3a) Portland cement b) Types of bricks

c) Reinforcement

Concrete d) Types of finished for a

building

Concrete/ Finished/ Frame

2a) State advantages and

disadvantages of steel frame as compared to

concrete frame.

b) Diagram- show the types of standard

steel frames members.

1b) Explain differences between pre cast concrete piles and in situ concrete piles.

answered

4a) Elaborate the stages in

construction of a large case in-situ ground

floor in an industrial

building. b) Elaborate 3 types of solid

concrete floor structure with a

span exceeding 12 metres.

3a) Elaborate on the steps taken

in constructing large cast in situ ground floor.

b) Indicate 3 types of solid

concrete upper floor structures with a span

exceeding 12 metres.

5a) Elaborate factors

influencing choice of steel and concrete as

material for frame structures.

b) Advantage i) in situ case reinforced

concrete structure

ii) Steel frame structures

Conventional Steel cut steel to

the correct lengths, and then weld them

together to make the final

structure. -done entirely at the construction site,

- reduce time.

Bolted Steel Construction --finished and

painted steel components, shipped to the

site and simply bolted in place.

-need cranes and bolting, - fast.

Light Gauge Steel Construction -

common for residential and small buildings

Light gauge steel is steel that is in

the form of thin (1-3mm) sheets of steel that have

been bent into shape to form C-

4a) Materials most suited for

construction of framed structures are

steel and reinforced

concrete. Explain factors influencing the

choice between steel and

concrete structures.

answered b)

sections or Z-sections.

Walls/

Diaphragm Retaining Wall

bi) Explain

differences i ) in situ concrete floor

slab & in situ tee beams & floor slab.

ii) Precast

Concreet Hollow Beam Floor & Precase

concrete solid beam floor.

3a) Explain 2 types of wall suitable for multi-storey

building e.g. office building. State reasons. b) Explain purpose of retaining wall. With diagram,

show 3 types of retaining walls.

2b) Explain

'Diaphram wall'. Elaborate the construction of

the wall

3a) Elaborate

the factors in designing retaining walls.

b) Diagrams- indicate 3 types

of retaining wall suitable for

height up to 6 meter.

4a) Elaborate the

functional requirements of walls for

factories. b) Explain wall cladding and infill

panel. Discuss and show

diff. bet. both wall constructions by

sketches.

3a. State 3

functional requirements of external walls

for framed buildings. b) i) Curtain

walling in) In-fill panels

(use diagrames)

Roofs 5a) State factors

to be considered when designing

or choosing type of roof for

factory if need roof lighting. b) With

diagram, explain 3 types of roof

structures for a factory building.

5a) State the

basic requirements of roof finishes

materials for a factory

building. b) Explain the types of roof

finishes suitable for a factory building.

2a) Explain

functional requirements of long span roofs.

b) With diagrams,

explain types of long span roofs. i)Northlight

Roofs ii) Monitor Roofs

iii) Flat Top Girders

3a) There are

many types of pitch roof used in our country.

With sketch, explain

i) Gable Roof ii) Hip Roof iii) Lean to Roof

b) List 5 disadvantage of a flat roof

3b) Explain i)

Lattice Truss Frame ii) Portal Frame

(diagram)

Floors 3a) Explain the

factors to be considered in designing

factory building floors.

4a) Explain

factors affecting the choice of floor structures.

b) Sketch i) Suspended

timber ground floor ii) Concrete

ground floor

2. Explain flush

slab, beam and slab, drop beam slap with

diagram.

Staircases 3a) Explain 3 types of

6a) Explain 3 types of

concrete staircase. b) Explain the

advantage of pre-case

concrete staircase as compared to an

in situ concrete staircase.

concrete staircase

Door

Frame building 2a) With diagram, explain 3 types of multi storey

structure. b) Explain the term 'portal frame' and state the main

objective of this form of design.

Windows 6a) Describe functions and functional

requirements of windows.

b) Draw Vertical section i) casement

window ii) adjustable louvered glass

window iii) Glass sliding

window (FAQ)

Drainage System 6b) Diagram, show 3 types of building drainage system for domestic building.

6a) Explain difference bet

the separate and combined drainage

system with diagram. b) Factors to

consider in design of

drainage systems.

Water Supply

System

7a) Use

diagram, explain hot water supply to

2 storey houses. b) State materials used

for pipework for water supplies.

answered

7a) Explain water supply system for residential

buildings in Malaysia (diagram). b) Sketch and label componetns of water tank and

explain the operation.

5a) By diagram,

explain the water system supply

i) Indirect system of cold

water supply ii) Indirect

system of hot water supply b) State the

material used

b) Illustrate how

indirect cold water supply is connected from

the main to the 2 storey domestic

building. Give advantage

of this system.

5a) The single

stack system is a simplification of the one pipe

system, with the anti-siphon pipes being completely

omitted or included only in

special circumstances.

Explain the main

5) Explain basic

difference and adv of direct and indirect cold

water supply system. b) Back

siphonage is the back flow of

water which may be contaminated

into the main

for water supply pipes. answered

requirements of the single stack system (diagram)

water supply. Explain how back siphonage

can be prevented from

occuring.

Discharge System 6a) With diagram, illustrate how

discharge from sanitary

appliances are discharged to the

underground drain.

b) How to prevent odors

emitting from sanitary

appliances.

5a) Explain differences between discharge pipe system and drainage system.

Introduction

Designed to carry waste water from a property to the main sewage network, domestic drainage systems are classed in 2 distinct ways. Depending on

the age of your property, the drainage will be either a single-stack or a two-pipe system.

Both systems functional equally well, however the single stack system is the more prefered option as it it less prone to causing damp.

Two-pipe drainage system

Primarily found in houses built before the late 1950s , in a two-pipe system the WC waste is fed into a large

diameter vertical soil pipe, seperate to the other waste water. The key features of this system are:

WC waste is fed into a large bore soil

pipe, which leads directly to the sewage

network, and often runs down the outside wall of a property

Remaining waste waters from

washbasins, bath and kitchen sink etc are

combined via seperate smaller bore branch pipes in a gully just below ground

level

To prevent back siphoning and to

discharge any gases from the drains, the largesoil pipe is vented to the

outside above the guttering

All appliances contain a u-bend trap full

of water to prevent drain smells penetrating the house

The waste from the gully finally meets

the soil water a short distance from the property on its way to the sewers

At this meeting point will be

an inspection chamber with a manhole

cover

6a) What is discharge pipe? Use diagram,

show various types of

discharge pipe system. b) State the

requirements of an efficient

discharge pipe system.

6a) What is discharge pipes?

Use diagram, explain the

types of discharge pipe system.

b) Elaborate the

requirements of an efficient system for

discharge pipe.

7b) State materials for discharge pipes

and joints.

5b) What is the function of a manhole and

illustrate using diagrams the

situation where manholes must be provided.

7a) Explain 2 methods of disposing the

collected rubbish.

i) Open drumping

ii) Land Filling

The primary problems associated with two-pipe systems are centred around the gully, where the branch waste pipes meet. During winter the gully can

easily become blocked with dirt and leaves, which if left unattended, can lead to penetrating damp and

other damp related issues Single-stack drainage system

Since the late 1950s, almost all new houses are built

with a single-stack drainage system. The key features of this system are:

All waste from washbasins, sinks, baths

and WC waste is fed into the same large

bore vertical waste pipe

Unlike the two-pipe system, this large

bore pipe is often incorporated into the internal framework of a property

To prevent back siphoning and to

discharge any gases from the drains, the soil pipe is vented to the outside above the roof line

All appliances contain a u-bend trap full

of water to prevent drain smells penetrating the house

Exceptions to the main soil pipe can be waste from a kitchen sink, and

sometimes a cloakroom WC, which will each have its own drain point

A single-trap system needs to be

designed carefully to prevent a heavy flow of water from one appliance siphoning the trap of another

A short distance from the property will

be a manhole cover over the inspection chamber for drainage to the sewer network

If the cloakroom WC has it's own

drainage point, it will have a manhole cover and inspection chamber too

Cesspools & septic tanks

When a property is situated in a remote location, it is often unfeasable to connect this property to the main sewage network. In these instances, the waste water

from the property is collected in either a cesspool or a septic tank.

Cesspools & septic tanks

Who is responsible for the drains?

If the property has it's own drainage system, then the entire system up to the point where it meets the main sewer network is the responsibility of the

property owner. If the property is connected to a communal drainage

network things are not so straightforward. If the drains require maintenance or blockages to be cleared then:

If the drains were constructed before

1937 the responsibility lies with the local council

If the drains were constructed post 1937

the responsibility lies with the

householders collectively. The cost of any repairs etc must be shared no matter

where in the system

Clearing blocked pipes and drains

If water fails to drain cleanly from a washbasin, bath or sink it's advisable to address the issue as soon as

possible. Chemical unblockers are a good option, however sometimes it is necessary to use a pump or

plunger on sinks washbasins and WCs, and rods for drains and sewers.

Sewage System 6a) Diagram, explain sewage treatment process in

septic tank. b) Explain the sewerage system in Malaysia.

7a) State the

functions of inspection

chambers and manholes in the sewarage

system and where they should be

provided. b) Explain

i) Internation dimentions of manholes

ii) Form of manhole

constructions

7a) State

purpose of sewerage

system and explain the system as being

practised in Malaysia.

7a) Explain underground

sewarage systems for combined and

separate system. b) 5 rules and

regulations in construction of

drainage system

7b) Using

diagram, explain underground

sewarage systems for the combined and

separate system.

Sanitary Applicance

5a) What is trap in sanitary applicances?

Use diagram indicate the types of trap.

b) Explain 3 ways how

water losses can happen in the trap.

Ventilation 6a) Explain

importance of natural

ventilation in a building and effects of such

ventilation. b) Explain

mechanical ventilation and the types of

systems available and

what are the requirements by the local

authority with regards to fresh

air supply in a building.

7a) Explain Industrialized

Building System. b) Discuss

advantage and disadvantage of using IBS in our

construction industry.