Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Noelle E. Cockett

Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Sheep Genomics:

Lessons Learned from Science

3Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Cloning

BORING!

4Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Genomics

COOL!

5Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

A Word about Sheep

• Sheep numbers:655 M sheep in the world 5.5 M in the U.S.

• Genetic variation:1,500 breeds emphasizing meat, wool, milk

6Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Sheep Genomics Research

IMPACTAgriculture Life Science Biomedicin

eMeat

Fiber

Milk/dairy

Genetic diversity

Natural variation

Mad sheep disease

Eye, bone, muscle disorders

7Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Genetic Variation

Genetics determined by DNA sequence.

8Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Genetic Variation

DNA found within chromosomes.

9Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Genetic Variation

Single Gene Traits:Controlled by one gene.

Horns Polled

10Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Genetic Variation

Quantitative Traits: Controlled by multiple genes and the environment.

MeatWoolLambs

11Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Spider Lamb Syndrome

12Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Spider Lamb Syndrome

ovine 6 human 4

OarJMP8

SpiderBL1038

BM4311

PositionalCandidate

13Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Spider Lamb Syndrome

Human chondrodysplasia: Mutation in FGFR3

14Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Spider Lamb Syndrome

FGFR3 gene knockouts:Characteristics similar to

Spider Lamb Syndrome

15Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

DNA Sequence

Bases in DNAHuman ATC CCC GTG GAG GAG CTC

Mouse --- --A --- --A --- --T

Sheep (N) --- --C --- --- --- ---

Sheep (S) --- --C -A- --- --- ---

Amino Acids in ProteinHuman Ile Pro Val Glu Glu Leu

Mouse --- --- --- --- --- ---

Sheep (N) --- --- --- --- --- ---

Sheep (S) --- --- Glu --- --- ---

16Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Estimated Population Frequency

Breed N Breeders

% Carriers

Suffolk 114 23 25.4

Hampshire 61 19 22.9

Southdown 119 17 29.4

Shropshire 32 5 53.1

Oxford 10 2 20.0

TOTAL 336 61 28.9

17Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Detection of Genetic Variation

SNPs (Variation)

Multiple SNPs SNP Chip

18Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Yellow Fat in Perendales

Chromosome 21

19Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Gastrointestinal Parasites

Significant impact on sheep production worldwide

Different responses in different breeds

Study of 400 Suffolk x Gulf Coast Native animals

Analysis of 50,000 SNPs is ongoing

20Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Genomic Analysis

Flock designed for genomic analysis

20 sires crossed to 4,000+ ewes

Australia’s Falkiner Flock Characterized for

491 traits Analysis of 50,000

SNPs is ongoing

21Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Sheep Diversity Project

• 3,400 animals from 74 domesticated sheep breeds

• Wild sheep (argali, urial, mouflon, bighorn, thinhorn)

• Out-group species (barbary, goat, thar, cattle.)

22Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Genetic History of Sheep

fine wool size, meat carpet wool

milk tropically adapted

colour morphs

Wild sheep

Domestic sheep

Ancestor

11,000years

200 years

23Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Genetic Variation in Sheep

Asia

SW Europe

Central Europe

NorthernEurope

Africa

Americas

Middle East

Asia

SW Europe

Central Europe

NorthernEurope

Africa

Americas

Middle East

Genetic distance

Domestication sites

Breeddispersion

24Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Application of Genomics

Animal GBV

Pedigree,Traits

DNA sample,Genotypes

Estimated breeding

value

Molecular breeding

value

Genetic parameters

SNP coefficients

United States

New Zealand Australia

25Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Ovine Reference Sequence

Beijing Genome Institute 1,000 plant and

animal genomes De novo assembly

Sequence generated from Texel male at Roslin and Texel female at BGI.

91% assembly in one year.

Public release Feb. 2011

26Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Capturing the Genome

27Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011

Genomics Research in the Future

Sunrise Session: October 28, 2011