Synopsis• Calvin and Tosh• Discussion of result

of examination• Expression of

thoughts• Prosocial behavior • Persuasion towards

attending a concert

Downward Social Comparison

• Use others as a standard

• Judgement made towards ourselves

• Against people who are incompetent

• Enhance self-esteem

Downward Social Comparison

• Tosh felt better with a sense of relieved when he found out that Calvin scored a lower grade than he did in the exams.

Counterfactual

Thinking • Tendency to create possible alternatives to life

events that have already occurred

• Epitomized by the phrase “what might have been”

• Is usually associated with bad/negative events

Counterfactual Thinking

• Upward counterfactual thinking– "What if..."– Tosh thought of how he could have done

better in the exams if he had worked harder for it.

Counterfactual Thinking

• Downward counterfactual thinking– "atleast I..."– Although Calvin has got a grade 'C' in

the exams but he felt satisfied enough by thinking that atleast he did not failed the exams.

Altruism• Any behavior that is designed to

increase another person’s welfare

• Done for selfless reason

Altruism

• Calvin had kindly offer a hand to Crystal when he noticed that she was carrying a handful of heavy books.

• Calvin helps without seeking for any potential rewards.

Observational Learning

• Learning that occurs through observing the behaviors of others

Observational Learning

• Calvin learnt to be helpful to the others as a result of what he has observed from her aunt who acts as a role model for him.

Cialdini's Six Weapon of Influence - Scarcity

• Things become more attractive and valuable when their availability is limited.

• Or when we stand to lose the opportunity to acquire them on favorable terms.

• Scarcity tactics : – "limited-number technique"– “deadline technique”

Cialdini Six Weapon of Influence - Scarcity

• Tosh persuaded Calvin to go to a concert by telling him that the tickets are selling out soon.

THANK YOU !

REFERENCES• Duff, K. (2012). Think social psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn &

Bacon/Pearson.

• Fraser-Thill, R. (2015). Downward Comparisons. About.com Parenting. Retrieved 29 May 2015, from http://tweenparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/a/Downward-Comparisons.htm

• Mindtools.com,. (2015). Cialdini's Six Principles of Influence: Convincing Others to Say. Retrieved 29 May 2015, from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/six-principles-influence.htm

• Sites.google.com,. (2015). Chapter 7: Scarcity - Revised - 724e Cialdini wiki. Retrieved 29 May 2015, from https://sites.google.com/site/724ecialdiniwiki/tyrone-dixon--scarcity-summary

• Stangor, C. (2012). Social Psychology Principles (1st ed., p. 753). Andy Schmitz. Retrieved from http://2012books.lardbucket.org/pdfs/social-psychology-principles.pdf