Presentation OutlineSena

• Botanical name

• Botanical description

• Medicinal uses

• Production technology

Soil and Climate Sowing date Irrigation Fertilizers Insect pest and diseases etc.

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Botanical description

• Botanical name: Cassia angustifolia or Cassia acutifolia

• Family: Fabaceae

•English name: Senna

• Common name: Sona mukhi

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Origin and History• It is indigenous to Somalia, Southern Arabia and part of

Sindh (Pakistan) and the Kutch area of Gujarat.

• In India, it is cultivated in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.

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Botanical description• Flowering plant

• Perennial and small herb

• Which grows up to 10 meters

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Leaves• Leaves are large, compound and pinnate, pale-green

and bluish green in color.

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Flowers• Inflorescence is racemes.• Flowers have 5 sepals and 5 yellowish petals,

bright yellow in colour, arranged in axillary, erect.

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Fruit

• Fruits are legumes which is flat, 4-7 cm long and 1.5 – 1.7 cm broad having 5-7 dark brown ovate. • It is green in the beginning changing to greenish-brown to dark brown on maturity.

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Seeds

• Seeds are smooth, compressed and dark-brown.

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Senna Plant

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Medicinal plants

• Senna plant contain many chemicals like sennosides.

• It is useful for a treatment of gout and jaundice.

• Senna with water pills decrease potassium in body.

• Leafs is anti inflammatory in nature.

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Medicinal uses• Used for treating fever, indigestion and killing ringworm

naturally.

• Use for stomach pain.

• Regulates gastric juice secretion in body.

• Used in the case of breathing difficulties.

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Medicinal uses• Used for weight loss.• Fight against cough, cold, fever and asthma.• Leaf mixed with tea for dieter because it decreases

appetite without affecting body system.

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Medicinal uses• It is used as laxative.• It is a safe for a shorter period in case of pregnancy or

breastfeeding.• It is use for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.• Used for treatment of skin disorders.

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Medicinal uses• Leaf used for treating constipation.• Senna oil used in cosmetics.

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Production Technology

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Soil and Climate

• Soil: • It is grown in well drained sandy or sandy loam.•Climate:

• It is a hardy warm weather crop grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions.

•The soil pH suited for cultivation is 7.0 – 8.5.•Sensitive to water-logging

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Seed bed preparation

• It needs 2-3 cross-ploughing, harrowing and leveling. • The land is prepared deep and exposed to the sun for

15-20 days to dry out the roots of perennial weeds.• FYM is incorporated into the soil at the time of the final

cross-ploughing.

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Sowing Time

• Two seasons:

• February - March

• June - July

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Seed rate• 15 - 20 kg/ha of seeds for drill. Seed depth 1.0-1.5cm.

• The seeds are scarified with sand or can be soaked overnight in water and sown in beds at a spacing 45 x 30 cm.

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Fertilizers and Manures• 5-10 t/ha well-rotted FYM should be mixed at the time of sowing. • It required NPK, 80:40:40 kg. • The entire dose of P and K and 50% of N should be applied at the time of sowing, and the remaining 50% of N is to be applied 90 days after sowing.

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Senna Plant Fertilizer aplication

Vegetative stage

Flowering stage

Pod stage05/01/2023 21

Irrigations

• Senna can be grown under rainfed conditions. • Average 30-40 cm rainfall is enough for the crop. • The crop needs no irrigation except during prolonged drought. • About 5-8 light irrigations are enough to raise a good crop.

• Heavy irrigations are injurious to the crop

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Weeding• It required 2-3 weeding.

• 1st weeding should be done at 25-30 days after sowing. • 2nd weeding should be done at 75-80 days after sowing. • The last weeding should be done at 110 days.

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Harvesting

• The first harvest of leaves and pods are done at 2 months after sowing and subsequent harvests at 30 days interval. 

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Drying• The harvested crop should be spread in a thin layer in an

open field to reduce its moisture. • It takes 10-12 days to dry completely. • A rapid mechanical drying at 400 C.

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Packing and Storage• Packing :

• It is wrapped in gunny bags for export. Storage : • Leaves and Pods should be stored in dry place. • It should be stored in bags.

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Insect pests

Aphid

White fly

Leaf eating caterpillars

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Diseases

• Leaf spot: Small dark grayish spots appears on the leaf surface. • Later on the spots enlarge to circular areas. • In severe cases, the entire plant defoliates. •Due to this, there is poor yielding of crop.

• Leaf blight • Damping off

Leaf spot

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Yield

•Irrigated Dried leaves  :           2 t/ha.Dried pod     :           150 - 200 kg/ha.

•Rainfed Dried leaves  :           1 t/ha.

Dried pods    :           75 - 100 kg/ha.

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Varieties

• ALFT-2

• Sona

• KKM (Se) 1

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