Pre disaster planning based on self goverment system

Pre-disaster planning based on self-goverment system

Waseda University,Satoh Shigeru Labratory

Naoto Nomura

To think about reconstruction planning and system of collaboration for reconstruction before earth-quake comes, "the neighborhood community-training program" was born. Through this 1-year pro-gram, they can research the problems and resorces of their own city, discuss the solution, and make reconstruction plan

After "the neighborhood community-training program", prevention activity is continuing and the pro-cess of each district is very different. By looking over some cases, we can see what kind of possibilities are there after the "the neighborhood community-training program".

Above all, these prevention activities are strongly related to self-goverment system in Japan. To understand whole system of these projects, it is necessary to understand the structure of administra-tion, and self-goverment system.

Since beginning of 2000s, the scientific communi-

ty was agreed that a big earthquake of M.7 would

have hit Tokyo from that moment to the next 30

years with a probability of 70%. Because of this

study, administration of Tokyo made “The manual

for reconstruction” in 2003. In this manual, they

said the necessity to establish “the reconstruction

council” based on local communities. But in fact

the system of collaboration between experts,

administration, citizens will be different in each dis-

trict, and the method to build this collaboration

system is still under-construction.

→ Look at pages 4-5 ”The neighborhood community-training program”→ Look at “presentazione il Satoh laboratory di Tokyo”

→ Look at pages 6-9 “Developments after the neighborhood community-training program”

→ Look at pages 1-2 “Base information”

Index

0.Base information

　　Structure of administration..........................................................................................................................................................................

　　Neighborhood association in Japan(consiglio di quartiere).......................................................................................................................

　　Machizukuri Organization(consiglio di comunità).......................................................................................................................................

1.The neighborhood community-training program

　　The contents of the neighborhood community-training program................................................................................................................

　　The system of the neighborhood community-training program..................................................................................................................

2.Developments after the neighborhood community-training program

　　Case 1 : Ookubo district -Prevention Map-......................................................................................................................................................

　　Case 2 : Ochiai district -Propose to the administration from comittee of prevention-..................................................................................................

　　Case 3 : Totsuka district -Reconstruction Manual-.............................................................................................................................................

2

3

1

4

5

6

7

8,9

Base information

- structure of administration and self-goverment system in Japan-

0.

0-1.Structure of administration

Popolazione 29,993

Area 　　 1.59km2

Consiglio di quartiere

6

(2014.01.01 Circoscrizione di Shinjuku)

1.Ochiai 2-quartiere

Provincia di Tokyo Comune di Shinjuku

Popolazione 44,549

Area 　　 2.08km2


21

(2014.01.01

Circoscrizione di Shinjuku)

2.Ookubo-quartiere

Popolazione 37,814

Area 　　 1.74km2


25

(2014.01.01 Circoscrizione

di Shinjuku)

3.Totsuka-quartiere

Provincia di Ferrara

Popolazione 13,297,867(01.11.2014)

Area 　　 2188.68km2


8,962 (01.04.2008)

Popolazione 335,320(01.11.2014)

Area 　　 18.23km2

Comune di Ferrara

Administration level is devided in province, city, and district. District is composed of some neighborhood associations. CItizens are working on the neighborhood community-training program with the unit of district. Until 2014, the neighborhood community-training program was done in 6 districts which are gray area in the map of Shinjuku-city with the cooperation of Waseda university. In this presentation, to see the development after the neighborhood community-training program, 3 districts are chosen in which the program was done at least 5 years ago.

Centro Storico di Ferrara

Popolazione 351,639(30.09.2013)

Area 　　 2,635.12km2

Popolazione 133 850(30.11.2014)

Area 　　 405.16km2

Popolazione 34,587(01.01.2014)

Area 　　 circa 4.5km2

1

1

2

3

0-2.Neighborhood association in Japan -consiglio di quartiere-

Neighborhood association is voluntary organization which is working on various problems in the daily-life, and enhance the sence of community through various activities sush as festival, cultural activities. The number of member of this asso-ciation is really different depend on the area. They are from 2,3 people to 500 households. The average number is 100 house-holds. The neighborhood association drew attention after Kobe-earth-quake in 1995, because there were obvious difference about emergency activities and reconstruction.Before arriving fire engines or ambulances,citizens voluntarily did extinction, lifesav-ing, management of evacuation center at the area where neigh-borhood association was active.

One of the biggest characteristics of neighborhood association in Japan is “multi-function”. To deal with many kinds of problems, citizens have added the activities.Generally speaking, these activities can be categorized into 3 groups.

1.The function to solve the problems. ex. traffic safety, crime prevention, education of the young people, disaster prevention, collect resources/recycling of used materials, welfare

2.The function to maintain and manage the emvironment and public facilities. ex.management of public facilities, make the town clean, mainte-nance of green spaces

3.The function to encourage the communication among citizens. ex. traditional festival, sports day,cultural festival

The structure of neighborhood association is very different depend on the area, but generally citizens are devided into small districts. In each district there is a leader,and sub leader from women department. Then each district is devided into much smaller group.Generally this group is composed of 5-10 households.

Inside of neighborhood association, there are many kind of specialized groups. The meeting of association is held once or twice a month.One of the biggest characteristic is its auto-financial system. Each member pays membership fee for association and based on this financial resorces, they organize their activities.

Generally there are 3 kinds of relation between neighborhood association and administration.1.neighborhood association submit various kind of requests such as improvement of public facilities and emvi-ronment, support for their own activities, claim of various right of citizens.After neighborhood submit some request documents, the rep-resentatives of administration and neighboehood association have a conference to seek a solution.

2. administration ask cooperation to the neighborhood association. Now these kinds of works are increasing and it is problem because it tends to disturb the autonomous activities of neigh-borhood association.(ex. distribution of document from administration, administra-tion provides works for neighborhood association, mobilize the citizens to hold some events)

3. administration and neighborhood association make cooperarion each other to realize some specific projects. for example, when the new community center is build, admin-istration pay the costs for construction and maintenance, and neighborhood association manage there by offering thier labor and ideas.

What is neighborhood association?

Various kinds of Activities

Structure of neighborhood association

Relation with administration

president

vice president

council of festival

accounts departmentgeneral affais department

women department

youth department

crime prevention department

disaster prevention department

culture department

welfare department

traffic department

vice president

vice president

vice president

1-10 leader of the each district

sub leader

group leader

administration

neighborhood association

request

administration


request

administration


cooperation

disaster prevention at shinagawa-city

maintenance of green spaces

misaki-festival at chiyoda-city

social gathering

help each other in neighborhood (1995 Kobe-earthquake)

2

The structure of neighborhood association at Kamiochi-ai-3chome which belong to Ochiai 2nd district.

0-3.Machizukuri Organization -consiglio di comunità-

What is "Machizukuri Organization"

"Machizukuri Organization" is an organization composed of resi-

dents, private agency and others with an interest in the area's res-

toration (these contain who live outside the area) .

Most of the machizukuri organizations are formed based on exist-

ing organizations, such as neighboehood associations.

Machizukuri board members there often serve concurrently on the

boards of other organizations. Machizukuri planners and architects

are dispatched to machizukuri organizations by the public agency.

Administration subsidizes the organizations for the cost of profes-

sional assistance.

These organizations are the heart of the machizukuri approach to

post-earthquake restoration. The "Kobe System" is the form of

machizukuri represented by "Machizukuri Organization" conduct-

ed mainly by residents.

cittadini specialist consiglio di quartiere


associazione

Amministrazione

collaborazione

　The machizukuri organizations have played important roles in many as-

pects of restoration. For instance, in Mano area in Nagata-ku, Kobe,

where machizukuri has been promoted for 30 years, the accumulation of

experiences was turned to advantage; fires were prevented by a bucket

relay by residents immediately after the earthquake; newsletters have

been issued regularly, and actions have been taken for the joint recon-

struction of buildings and construction of collective housing. Many other

machizukuri organizations which have worked since before the Earth-

quake Disaster took actions earlier toward the restoration, for joint housing

and to conclude a machizukuri agreement. The earlier successes of

machizukuri were lessons for the machizukuri organizations formed after

the Earthquake, serving as models of democratic community develop-

ment.

　On the other hand, there are many problems in the organizations. It is

difficult to discourage illegal construction because the organization has no

legal force, unlike condominium associations. Some organizations are

less dynamic because of aging board members who hold many posts con-

currently.

Roles of the organizations in machizukuri and their problems

http://www.gakugei-pub.jp/kobe/key_e/en1004.htm

3

The neighborhood community-training program1.- contents and system of the neighborhood community-training program-

1-1. The contents of the neighborhood community-training program

4

1-2. The system of the neighborhood community-training program

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A cura del Arch.Shun Niitsu, Satoh Shigeru laboratory,Waseda University

Developments after the neighborhood community-training program2.- 3 case studies in Tokyo focus on the results of their prevention activities-

Prevention Map

In Ookubo-district, after the neighborhood community-training program in 2009, the prevention-activity was stopped for 2 years. But in 2011 Tohoku earthquake was happened, then neighborhood association started prevention activity again. They started “walking around the city” and “making guliver map” in the area which wasn’t done neighborhood community-training program in 2009. Then they made prevention map with cooperation of University, and distributed maps to citizens who live in this area. The prevention map shows problems and resorces in term of prevention disaster. Based on this map, they can discuss the strategy for prevention planning. At least each of them can imagine what will happen and what they can do when the earthquake happen. Prevention will be started by understanding the situation of their own area. These kinds of activity will be the first step for the prevention.

1st year

2nd year

Ookubo-district

3rd year

4th year

5th year

update the map by neighborhood association

Prevention Map

La esercitazione della

ricostruzione in 2009

development after the neighborhood community-training program

Case 1 : Ookubo district

legenda

serbatoio

serbatoio

rifugio

temporaneo

rifugio

magazzino

prevenzione

zona di alta

densita demografica

scuola,parco

terreno non utilizzato

la strada principale

per rifugiarsi

la strada dove e´ quasi finito

l’intervento di allargamento

la strada importante per rifugirsi

ma ancora e´ stretto

la piccola strada est-ovest

With this map, citizen can image what they have to do when disaster happen.(how to evacuate, how to put our a fire..) At the same time,they can see where and what will be problem. It is really important to know these kinds of problems to start improving their own area before the earthquake happens. Then these kind of prevention map should be used as a tool to discuss the strategy for prevention planning.

6

the neighborhood community-training

program in 2009

Prevention Map -The existing situation of the area in term of prevention-La sistema per rifugiarsi

la Cura dei bambini

Vulnerabilita dei edifici

La strada principale

problema

soluzione

problema

soluzione

problema

soluzione

problema

soluzione

The map of the future vision in the town

Propose to the administration: 3 policies and 18 actions for the disaster prevention

Realizzare la città che e´

farza dal disastro

Supportare attività della

comunità per la emergenza

Preparare la sistema per la

ricostruzione

1

2

3

1.Rafforzamento delle regole antincendio

2.Regole della ricostruzione dal piano del quartiere

3.Installazione di estintori

4.Rimozione di muri a blocchi e mettere le siepi

5.Regole per passare sulle aree private(vicolo cieco)

6.Regole per usare le aree vuote nell’emergenza

7.Intervenire per fare antisismico

8.Trasferimento e miglioramento di palo della luce

9.Allargare la strada stretta

10.Eliminare l’edificio cadente

11.Assicurare lo spazio per prevenzione delle calamità

12.Rinforzare il sistema per l’estinzione di un incendio

13.Ricostruire insieme se e´ difficile da solo

14.Preparare per la ricostruzione

15.Eseguire l’esercitazione per la prevenzione della calamità

16.Preparare il sistema del’operazione di soccorso dalla collabora-

zione don i diversi attori

17.”Machizukuri consiglio” partecipata dai cittadini e amministrazione

18.Amministrazione supporta il sistema per aiutare Machizukuri

Le cose da fare subito

Le cose da fare a medio o lungo termine

Le cose da fare per preparare la ricostruzione


Neighborhood community-training program was done in 2008, and in 2009 comittee of the prevention was established based on neighboehood associations, Machizukuri organization, university, experts which took part in the training program in 2008. In 2009 this comittee did a questionnaire to know the consciousness about the prevention and it cleared that most of citizens feel sense of crisis about disaster and necessarity of prevention guidelines. By this questionnaire they confirmed the importance and significance of prevention activities. To start more concrete activity, they made new group inside the comittee, and made town planning based on the results of Neighborhood community-training program in 2008.In this plan, they chose 2 neighborhood association as a model area which have more vulnerability than other areas.These plan and main policy were proposed to admistration, and now administration and citizens started to discuss the more detail area plan.

1st year

2nd year

3rd year

4th year

Ochiai 2-district

establish comittee of the prevention

(neighborhood association,univercity,experts)

District Planning

5th year

questionaire to know the consciousness

about disaster prevention

Case 2 : Ochiai district

7


program in 2008

Propose to the administration from comittee of prevention

Le azioni vengono

visualizzate in una

mappa

discuss the future vision

interview research to make agreement between

different actors

Propose to the administration from

comittee of prevention

1st year

2nd year

3rd year

4th year

5th year

In Totsuka-district, the neighborhood community-training program was done in 2010, then same program was done in different area in 2011. This program was done just after the Tohoku earthquake, so they had great motivation about prevention activity. In Totsuka-district, there are 25 neighborhood associations, and finally 23 of them made prevention maps. Then in 2012, admistration and citizens worked together to discuss the reconstruction plan. In 2013, the workshop was held with many kinds of actors in the city such as private company, NPO, medical, wel-fare, education institution. To include different kinds of actor is really important to improve pre-disaster plan-ning, because when the disaster happen it must be necesary to collaborate or decide work assignments. Tot-suka district is the first area which achieved this kind of workshop. In 2014, a network organization “network for support reconstruction” was established. The purpose of this orga-nization is make relation with different actors in the area for the reconstruction. This organization includes adminis-tration,neighboehood association, Machizukuri organization,experts,Non Profit Organization,medical-welfare-edu-cation institution, university,police,fire station and so on. In this organization, they discussed the way to collaborate in each phase of reconstruction. As a results they published “Reconstruction Manual” to share and discuss the ideas with other actors. This manuale mentions the role of each actor in each phase and to make these kinds of system will reduce the damage by the disaster and realize the reconstruction with participation process.

Totsuka-district

Workshop with different actors

Reconstruction Manual

Discuss the reconstruction plan

(collaboration with citizens and administration)

prevention map

Make relations to preparare for reconstruction

1.Subito dopo del terremoto

2.Tendopoli

3.Prepararsi per alla ricostruzioneRifugiarsi e

Spegnere un incendio

Gestire le tendopoli e

Ristabilire le città

I cittadini istituiscono “il consiglio di ricostruzione”

I diversi attori si raccolgono e fanno sistema della collaborazione

4.Le Citta temporaneeCostruire le case temporanee nella città originale

・Costruire le case temporanee nei parchi e parcheggi

・Usare le case vuote come le case temporanee

Servizio sociale per le persone che abitano in periferia

Mentenere le comunità sociale

・

・・

5.La ricostruzione

Cominciare la ricostruzione dall’area piu´ importante

・Ricostruzione dei negozi e delle case vicino l’università

・Ricostruzione dei negozi vicino la stazione

primi interventi sulle atività commerciali

con creare laboro e attività di animazione

Ricostruzione per fare ritornare la comunità Per abitanti chi non puo recostruire da solo Comunicazione tra i abitanti nuovi ed i abitanti originale

Ricostruzione della vità e communità sociale

・Costruire insieme con i vicini

・Le case sociale con i negozi e il servizio sociale

・Fare festa e evento per comunicare

・Usare i parchi e Servizio ricostruito

・


Case 3 : Totsuka district

Structure of reconstruction manual

Ricostruire i negozi nelle case temporanee

Fare il mercato negli spazi liberi (i parchi)

Costruire il centro per la comunità che accoglie la

informazione

8


program in 2010


program in 2011(city walking,guliver map)


Prepararsi alla ricostruzione(Fino a 2,3 mesi dopo il terremoto)

Attività previste in questo periodo 1.Fare il sistema della collaborazione

2.Capire la situazione dei cittadini dopo il terremoto

3.Organizzare gli incontri e decidere le linee principali per la ricostruzione

1.Amministrazione fare la sistema collaborazione

Amministrazione istituisce il consiglio della ricostruzione・Istituire il consiglio in base all’unita delle tendopoli o quartiere di consiglio・Il consiglio interviene tra l’amministrazione ei cittadini.・Includere i giovani, stranieri, deboli

espertivolontari

studenti Organizzazioni

Non Profit

scuola

2.Consiglio di quartiere e amministrazione capiscono la situazione dei cittadini dopo il terremoto

・

3.Il consiglio della ricostruzione organizza le conferenze e decidere le linee principale per la ricostruzione

Il consiglio della ricostruzione decide le linee principale per la ricostruzione

Esempio: Le linee principale nei Totsuka-quartierele strutture le linee sociale

Amministrazione costruisce la sistema per supportare・Istituire il centro di volontariato della circoscrizione

・Il centro di volontariato gestisce il sistema(collaborazi

one con studenti, NPO,ente assistenziale,scuole..)

il consiglio della

ricostruzione

il centro di

volontariato

il consiglio di quartiere

stranieri giovani deboli

fornire informazioni

supportare

consiglio della

ricostruzione

espertiamminis-

trazione

conoscenzanorme

intervenire come

la terza parte

risolvere la problema della

privenzione

・

mantenere la ambiente

originale

・

città con verde

・mantenere la communità originale e

creare lo nuovo spazio per la communità

・rializzare la città si puo vivere con i

stranieri

・città che gioveni si piace a vivere

Case 3 : Totsuka district

This is the example of reconstruction manual. At first it shows the activity in each phase,then it describes how to realize those activities. So mainly it focused on “Who will do” ,“How to collaborate with different actors”. This manual also should be improved based on the discuss in “network for support reconstruc-tion”.

9


Il consiglio di quartiere raccoglie l’informazione sulla situazione dei cittadini per informare ai cittadini.

Consiglio di quartiere, volontari, e cittadini eseguiscono la festa per la continuità di comunità sociale.

Amministrazione istituisce il centro di volontario nei ogni tendopli per raccogliere e inviare l’informazi-

one ai cittadini.

・

・

・il sistema per decidere le linee principale per la ricostruzione

Presentations & Public Speaking

Pre disaster planning based on self goverment system