60
Pet animal Management and Pet animal Management and Behaviour Behaviour ت المنزليةناة الحيواات ورعاي سلوكيت المنزليةناة الحيواات ورعاي سلوكيBy By ع حسن فايد ا.د./ ربيع حسن فايد ا.د./ ربي والدواجنة الحيوانستاذ رعاي ا والدواجنة الحيوانستاذ رعاي القاهرةمعة البيطرى – جاية الطب ا كللقاهرةمعة البيطرى – جاية الطب ا كل

Pet Animal Management and Behaviour (dogs)

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Pet animal Management and Pet animal Management and BehaviourBehaviour

سلوكيات ورعاية الحيوانات المنزليةسلوكيات ورعاية الحيوانات المنزلية

ByByا.د./ ربيع حسن فايدا.د./ ربيع حسن فايد

استاذ رعاية الحيوان والدواجناستاذ رعاية الحيوان والدواجنكلية الطب البيطرى – جامعة القاهرةكلية الطب البيطرى – جامعة القاهرة

Breeds of Dogs

• Sporting Dogs• English Spaniels – English Setters

• Working Dogs• Charles Spaniels- Dobermann- Great

Danes

• Hound Groups• Bloodhound- Greyhound- Afghan

Hound – Fox Hound

English Spaniel (Sporting(

English Setters (Sporting(

Dobermann (Working(

Great Danes (Working(

Bloodhound (Hound(

Greyhound

Afghan Hound

Fox Hound

Breeds of Dogs

• Terrier groups• Fox Terrier – Bull Terrier -

• Toy Dogs• Sheep dogs – Toy poodles –

Chihuahuas - Pugs

• Non-Sporting dogs• Bull dog – Poodles - Boxers

Bull Terrier

Fox Terrier

Chihuahuas (Toy Group(

Pugs (Toy Group(

Toy poodles

Bull dog (Non-sporting(

German Shepherd (Non-sporting(

Boxers (Non-sporting(

Ageing of DogsAgeing of DogsAgeing of DogsAgeing of Dogs

Shape of Tooth is lotus ShapeShape of Tooth is lotus Shape At 0 – 2 weeks No teethAt 0 – 2 weeks No teeth 3-6 weeks – all temporary teeth3-6 weeks – all temporary teeth I C P MI C P M 3 1 3 03 1 3 0 ----------------------- X 2 = 28----------------------- X 2 = 28 3 1 3 03 1 3 0

Ageing of DogsAgeing of Dogs

At 3 – 6 months ------- all teeth At 3 – 6 months ------- all teeth become permanent except :become permanent except :• Lower 4Lower 4thth premolar ------ at 5 – 7 m premolar ------ at 5 – 7 m• Lower 3Lower 3rdrd molar -------- at 6 – 9 m molar -------- at 6 – 9 m

I C P MI C P M 3 1 4 23 1 4 2 ----------------------- X 2 = 42----------------------- X 2 = 42 3 1 4 33 1 4 3

Ageing of DogsAgeing of Dogs

Disappearance of Lotus Shape atDisappearance of Lotus Shape at• 2 years at lower central tooth2 years at lower central tooth• 3 years at “ lateral “3 years at “ lateral “• 4 years at Upper central tooth4 years at Upper central tooth• 5 years at Upper lateral tooth5 years at Upper lateral tooth• At 11 – 12 years no teeth in the mouthAt 11 – 12 years no teeth in the mouth

Basic Care of Dogs

1. Feeding 2. Exercise3. Grooming4. Housing5. Licensing and Identif ication 6. Health Management

Feeding of Dogs Good quality dry food provides a well-

balanced diet for adult dogs Your dog may enjoy cheese, cooked egg,

fruits and vegetables, but these should not more than 10% of daily food intake.

Please l imit "people food," , because it can result in vitamin and mineral imbalances, bone and teeth problems and may cause obesity.

Clean, fresh water should be available at all t imes, and be sure to wash food and water dishes frequently.

Feeding of DogsFeeding Regime

- Puppies 8 to 12 weeks old need four meals a day.

- Feed puppies 3 - 6 months old three meals a day.

- Feed puppies six months to one year two meals .

- When your dog reaches his f irst birthday, one meal a day is usually enough.

- For some dogs, including larger canines or those prone to bloat, i t 's better to feed two smaller meals.

Exercise of Dogs Dogs need exercise to burn calories,

st imulate their minds, and keep healthy. Exercise also tends to help dogs avoid

boredom, which can lead to destructive behaviors

Individual exercise vary based on breed or breed mix, sex, age and level of health

but a couple of walks around the block every day and ten minutes in the backyard probably won’t cut it .

I f your dog is a 6- to 18-month adolescent, or if she is an active breed or mixed-breed from the sport ing, herding groups, her requirements wil l be relat ively high.

Grooming of Dogs You can help keep your dog clean and

reduce shedding with frequent brushing. Most dogs don't need to be bathed more than

a few times a year Before bathing, comb or cut out all mats from

the coat. Carefully rinse all soap out of the coat, or the

dirt will stick to soap residue.

BATHING - First, give your pet a good brushing to

remove all dead hairs.

- Use a spray hose to thoroughly wet your pet, taking care not to spray directly in her ears, eyes or nose.

- Gently massage in shampoo, working from head to tail.Thoroughly r inse with a spray hose

- Check the ears for any foul odors or excessive debris; if you choose to use a cleansing solution on a cotton ball, take care not to insert it into the ear canal.- Dry your pet with a large towel or blow dryer.

NAIL CLIPPING - Begin by spreading each of your dog’s feet

to inspect for dirt and debris.

- Use sharpnail clippers to cut off the tip of each nail .

- Take care to avoid the quick, a vein that runs into the nail. This pink area can be seen through the nail. If your dog has black nails, however, the quick will not be as easily discernible, so be extra careful.

BRUSHING Regular grooming with a brush or comb will

help keep your pet’s hair in good condition by removing dirt, spreading natural oils t

Throughout her coat, preventing tangles and keeping her skin clean and irritant-free

If your dog has a smooth, short coat (like of boxer), you only need to brush once a week

If your dog has a long, luxurious coat, such as that of a Yorkshire terrier, she’ll need daily attention

SPECIAL BREEDS, SPECIAL NEEDS

Dogs with loose facial skin or wrinkles to prevent dirt and bacteria from causing irritation and infection, clean the folds with damp cotton. Always thoroughly dry the areas between the folds.

If your dog has long or droopy ears, you should check them weekly.

Remove wax and dirt from your pet’s ears with a cotton ball moistened with water or a little mineral oil.

Housing of Dogs Your pet needs a warm, quiet place to rest,

away from all drafts . You may wish to buy a dog bed, or make one

out of a wooden box. Place a clean blanket or pillow inside the bed.

Wash the dog's bedding often. If your dog will be spending a lot of time

outdoors, be sure she has access to shade and plenty of cool water in hot weather, and a warm, dry, covered shelter when it's cold.

Licensing and Identif ication

Follow your community’s licensing regulations. Be sure to attach the license to your dog’s collar.

This, along with an ID tag and tattoo, can help secure your dog’s return.

Health Management1. Vaccinations 2. Dental Health 3. Bad Breath 4. Fleas and Ticks 5. Worms & Heartworm6. Medicines and Poisons

Vaccinations1. Puppies should be vaccinated with a

combination vaccine (called a “5-in-1”) at 3 to 4 months of age, and then once annually.

2. This vaccine protects the puppy from distemper, hepatit is, leptospirosis, parvovirus, and parainfluenza.

3. Rottweilers, Doberman pinschers and American Staffordshire terriers/pit bulls should be vaccinated unti l f ive months of age.

4. I f you have an unvaccinated dog older than four or f ive months, he wil l need a series of two vaccinations given two to three weeks apart, followed by a yearly vaccination.

Vaccinations Do not walk your puppy or unvaccinated dog

outside or let her walk or sit on the f loor of an animal hospital unti l several days after her f inal vaccination.

on rabies vaccination , the law requires all pets older than three months of age to be vaccinated for rabies. The f irst rabies vaccine must be followed by a vaccination a year later, and then every three years.

Please note, if your pet gets sick because he is not properly vaccinated, the vaccination should be given after your companion animal recovers.

Dental Health You can clean your canine’s teeth with a dog

toothpaste or a baking-soda-and-water paste once or twice a week.

Use a child's soft toothbrush, a gauze pad or a piece of nylon stretched over your finger.

Some dogs are prone to a pocket of infection between the tooth and the gum. This painful condition can result in tooth loss and spread infection to the rest of the body.

Veterinarians can clean the teeth as a regular part of your dog's health program.

Bad Breath Bad breath is most commonly an indication

that your dog is in need of a dental check up. Dental plaque caused by bacteria results in a foul smell that requires treatment.

some odors may be indicative of serious, chronic problems. Liver or intestinal diseases may cause foul breath, whereas a sweet, fruity smell may be indicative of diabetes.

I f your dog’s breath smells l ike ammonia or urine, kidney disease is a possibi l i ty.

Veterinarians can clean the teeth as a regular part of your dog's health program by brushing .

Fleas and Ticks Daily inspections of your dog for fleas

and ticks during the warm seasons are important.

Use a flea comb to find and remove fleas.

There are several methods of flea and tick control.

Worms & Heartworm Dogs are commonly exposed to worms and

possible infestation. Microscopic eggs produced by intestinal

worms are passed in an infected dog’s feces. Most puppies, even from healthy mothers in

good homes, carry roundworms or hookworms.

The key to treatment is correct diagnosis. A dewormer that eliminates roundworms, for example, will not kill tapeworms.

Heartworm This parasite lives in the heart and is

passed from dog to dog by mosquitoes. Heartworm infections can be fatal. Your

dog should have a blood test for heartworm every spring.

A once-a-month pill given during mosquito season will protect your dog.

In some warmer regions, veterinarians recommend preventive heartworm medication throughout the year.

Medicines and Poisons Never give your dog medication that has not

been prescribed by a veterinarian. For example, one regular-strength ibuprofen

tablet can cause stomach ulcers in a ten-pound dog?

Keep rat poison and other rodenticides away from your pet.

If you suspect that your animal has ingested a poisonous substance, call your veterinarian

Spaying and Neutering Females should be spayed ( removal of the

ovaries and uterus) and males neutered (removal of the testicles) by six months of age.

Spaying before maturity signif icantly reduces the risk of breast cancer, a common and frequently fatal disease of older female dogs.

Spaying also eliminates the risk of an infected uterus, a very serious problem in older females that requires surgery and intensive medical care.

Neutering males prevents testicular and prostate diseases, some hernias and certain types of aggression

Abnormal Behaviour of Dogs

1. Barking2. Destructive Chewing3. Feces Eating in Dogs4. Jumping Up5. Mouthing and Nipping6. Problem Digging7. Urine Marking

1- Excessive BarkingCauses :

- Territorial or protective defense - Distress vocalizations due to fear or

separation- Excitement or greeting - During play

- - To gain attention or to make requests- - Frustration

- Socially facilitated barking (hearing other dogs bark)

- - Compulsive behavior

WHAT NOT TO DO? - Do not encourage the dog to bark by saying, “Who’s there?,” for

example, or getting up and looking out the window.

- Do not punish the dog for barking at certain sounds (car doors , kids playing in the street) while encouraging him to bark at other sounds (people at the door). You must be consistent!

- Never use punishment procedures for a dog who is barking from fear or anxiety

- Never use a muzzle to keep a dog quiet for long periods of time or while a dog is unsupervised. As the dog cannot eat, drink, or cool himself while wearing a muzzle, this would be extremely cruel.

- Never tie a dog’s muzzle closed with rope, cord, or rubber bands. This is dangerous, painful, and inhumane.

What to do - Prevent the dog from being exposed to the things that

tr igger him to bark. You should block access to windows, and cover them so he can’t see out.

- If the dog is engaging in terr itorial barking primarily in the yard, keep the dog in the house during the day and supervise him when he is in the yard.

Teach the dog to sit and stay when meeting people at the door so he has something to do aside from barking.

your dog l ikes toys, keep a favorite toy near the front door and encourage your dog to pick up the toy before he greets you or guests

The most effective means of discouraging excitement/frustrat ion barking is to teach the dog to control his impulses through obedience training.

Anti-bark collars are punishment devices and are not recommended as a f irst choice for dealing with a barking problem

2- Destructive Chewing Dogs also steal things off the counters and tabletops, and they raid the

trash. Most dogs prefer human food to dog food

Understand that your dog needs to learn not to chew your things or steal your food

Understand that your dog needs to learn not to chew your things or steal your food

Give the dog a “single serving” chew bone once or twice a day

Identify the t imes of the day when your dog is l ikely to chew, and give him a stuffed Kong, Goodie Ship, or Buster Cube at this t ime

Discourage chewing inappropriate items with chewing deterrents, such as Bitter Apple

Always supervise your dog. I f you see him l icking or chewing an item t, remove the item from his mouth and insert something that he can chew.

3-Feces Eating in DogsDefinition Coprophagia, the ingestion of feces by

an animal, is quite common in dogs. Some eat their own stool (autocoprophagia), some eat the stool of other dogs (intraspecific coprophagia), and some, like Roscoe, eat the stool of other animals (inter-specific coprophagia).

Feces Eating in DogsCauses That investigative behavior draws more

owner attention than usual Normal investigative puppy behavior includes

running nearly everything in the environment through one's mouth

When coupled with diarrhea or poor weight gain, coprophagia may be the result of a medical malady such as pancreatic insuff iciency, intestinal infections, or malabsorption troubles

Displacement activity Food deficiency

4-Jumping Up BehaviourConcept Puppies and dogs naturally jump up on

people when they say hello because we are taller than they are!

Dogs greet each other by going nose-to-nose and they like to do the same with us

so it’s perfectly natural for them to jump up on us to try to reach our faces.

Jumping Up Treatment Generalize the training by teaching the dog

not to jump on all people. Keep a toy by the door and direct your dog’s

attention to the toy when you enter. Do not become really excited when you greet

your dog. Stay calm. Do not shout at your dog. This can get him

more excited and cause him to jump up even more.

5- Urine MarkingCauses Typically, it is related to some perceived threat, such

as an unfamiliar person or dog in the home, or the introduction of something new

Conflict between pets within the home can also lead to urine marking

Some dogs never mark in their own home, but will mark when they visit others’ homes.

Males are more likely than females to urine mark, and reproductively intact males are more likely to mark than neutered males

  However, intact females may mark prior to coming into and during estrous to advertise their availability

WHAT TO DO

1. - Your first line of defense: Neuter your male dogs and spay female dogs. Neutering male dogs successfully eliminates or greatly reduces household urine marking in about 50 percent of cases.

2. - Restrict your dog’s access to things that are likely to be marked

3. - Get a “jock strap” or bellyband for your dog, so he can still mark but won’t soil the home.

WHAT TO DO- If your dog repeatedly marks specific objects

(bags, suitcases, shoes, etc.), place treats under and around the objects. The objects will then become a source of food, rather than a “trigger” for marking.

- To discourage your dog from returning to already-marked areas, you’ll need to make them unpleasant. that the dog may simply select another place.

6- Mouthing and NippingDefinition For puppies, using their mouths and needle-

sharp teeth to chew and investigate objects. These activities are normal, harmless nless you’re the object being chewed and investigated!

They chew on people fingers and toes, and they investigate people’s bodies with their mouths and teeth.

These behaviors may be considered harmful when the puppy is four or five months old. 

Solving the problem Substitute a toy or chew bone when the

puppy tr ies to chew on f ingers or toes. Encourage non-contact forms of play, rather

than wrestl ing and rough play. Give a high-pitched cry, when the puppy

bites too hard. This cause him to stop. Provide plenty of opportunity for your dog to

play with other puppies and with fr iendly adult dogs

Be patient and understanding. Playful mouthing is normal behavior for a puppy or young dog.

7- Problem DiggingDigger Dogs why your dog digs Many reasons for digging are often breed dependent Heavy-coated dogs, such as sled dogs and chow chows, dig

cooling pits during hot weather to make themselves more comfortable.

Earth dogs (Terrier) such as short- legged terr iers and dachshunds—are simply dig up the yard to f ind gophers, moles, or other "vermin.“

Scent hounds (beagles, bassets, and coonhounds) often dig along fence l ines because the lures of small game, food, or females

the most common digger is the bored dog. Without anything to sustain his attent ion

adolescent diggers (dogs ages six to 18 months) do so because they're loaded with youthful exuberance and have nothing to do

Solving the Problem Choose a small patch in the yard where

it's okay for your dog to dig. Circle the area with stones or other visual markers. Loosen up the soil and mix in a little sand. Hide a few toys, chewies, or biscuits in the soil to increase the rewards, then encourage the dog to dig in the pit