Slide 1
1Mike LeesEA Technology
@myelectricave@[email protected]
Introduce selfSet out learning from MEAs technical and social
workstreamsTotal outputs for this learning: >500 pages published
reports; 9 academic papers (so far); 2 things: 1 hurry up, 2
selective: so ask afterwardsAcknowledge: UoM, DMU, SMEs at EA,
Riccardo, participantsCaveat: 3.5kW charging, LEAF size cars,
participants may not be typical, EV usage has mostly been as 2nd
cars1
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Innovation Squared: EVs10m, 3 year project to understand the
issue and trial a mitigation solution (Esprit)Led by EA Technology,
working with SSEPD, Nissan, Northern Powergrid, Zero Carbon
Futures, plus many others4.5m funded via Ofgems Low Carbon Networks
Fund
Largest network related EV trial in Europe:220x 3.5kW charging
Nissan LEAF18month lease dealsLocally clusteredControlled at peak
timesDatasets analysedReal people, real cars, real networks. REAL
LIFE
My Electric Avenue is a c10m project to understand the potential
impact that EV charging may have and trial new technology called
Esprit to reduce the impact.
The project is funded with in-kind contribution from EA
Technology, SSEPD, Fleetdrive Electric, Zero Carbon Futures and
Nissan, to the tune of 5m
as well as Ofgems Low Carbon Network Fund, which awarded the
project 4.5m
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Technical trialMinimum of 100 customers in (very) local clusters
Social trialMinimum of 100 customers across GB to provide
comparison
EV stress testing for future networks
Esprit as you can see here, controls charging by a monitor at
the substation and an Intelligent Control Box at the customers
home. When the network exceeds a threshold, the monitor sends a
signal to the ICB, ICB receives the message it switches off the
charger. When the network drops below the threshold the monitor
sends signals to the ICB again and charging returns to normal.
So to trial a new technology which manages EV charging, you need
people to test this technology this means customers, or EV drivers
to test Esprit and give feedback
We needed to recruit customers to two trials:1st:Technical
trials: we needed a minimum of 100 customers in very local areas
basically neighbours on the same street - to test a new technology,
monitoring and controlling EV charging in their home and workplace.
These had to be in the DNO licence areas in the North East, or
South. In return or testing a technology which took control of
charging out of their hands, participants had a very attractive
lease deal (100 a month!).
2nd: Social trials: to act as a comparison, these customers are
providing EV charging and driving behaviour without the
technology.
Click for photos and these are just some of our
participants4
Recruiting Participants5
The most difficult part of any public technology trial is
recruitmentTo gain the funding we had to form at least 10 clusters
of 10 peopleEach cluster on the same LV feederVirtually everyone
not associated with the project thought that we would fail and some
working on th project thought so too.Bt we succeededHow?5
How to recruit the public?6
On track to deliver all clusters within / ahead of
timescalesStrength and commitment of all partners
Partnership and third party delivery of a LCN Fund projectNew
way of working for Ofgem and the DNOsNot without its challenges for
an SME!But we are deliveringPlay to your strengths, dont be afraid
to partner Seek win-win in every partnering opportunity
To catch a fish, you need to think like a fish Were all
customers Whats in it for meEVs are possibly different (they [more]
sexy [than a HP]), but the price needs to be right. Have a plan,
test it with others
Great marketing and PRYou need to get your message to the people
who can make it happenSeek more partners to get your message
heardRepeat, repeat, repeat
Community-led customer engagementHugely effective personal touch
through partners and local cluster championsCluster establishment
is exceeding expectationsBut it takes a lot of effort to manage,
respond and manage
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Strategic customer engagement
Customer Engagement planGreat hook Nissan LEAFStrategic
marketing and PRWebsiteSocial mediaCommunity-led customer
engagementCluster ChampionsRoad shows / EV test drivesVideos
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We achieved our clusters by taking a strategic approach to
customer engagement.
The customer engagement journey began in mid March 2013, when
the Customer Engagement Plan was signed off by Ofgem.
Initial engagement through a variety ofMarketing and PR to
engage and signpostCoverage in over 40 online media since launch
event on 3 JuneFurther coverage in around 80 online media since EV
test drive event at Drayson Racing Technologies in JulyVarious
radio interviews including BBC Radio 5 Live!BBC keen to cover first
cluster and follow the journey
Website main engagement and recruitment tool website up and
running in 6 weeks post code checker, to check if interested people
were in the right network areas.Launch event on 3rd June..the pr
that resulted from this event attracted many passionate people main
source of potential cluster championsSent further info, checked if
had off street parking, sent them marketing material to help them
targeted and focused media, including social media.Road shows and
EV test drives more detail to followVideos - to explain the project
and demonstrate the community-led customer engagement approach
through EV test drive films
Roadshows in portsmuth and bracknel local councilers wanted to
make a cluster happen . This top down approach didnt work.
Local people engender trust.7
8As at 10 November 13
Unique visitors: 9,9998
Cluster validation process9
A number of eligibility criteria that each potential; person
goes through at the very start off-road parking needed for
example.
Once 10 DOIs received checks and surveys commence.
Network assessment, on-site survey, property survey (CPs),
credit checks.
Evidence collated into a report for Ofgem and submitted.9
Location: South ShieldsNetwork Type: UrbanLocal DNO (and licence
area): Northern Powergrid - NEDLCluster size: 1 x 10Total
households on the LV feeder: 54Case study South Shields10
Cluster ZONEThe area shaded green denotes the target area for
the LV feeder in South Shields
EngagementCluster championLV network diagramLocal recruitment
drive by championEV test drive eventDeclaration of Intent forms
sent, signed and returned (10 customers)Cluster checks and
surveysCompletion of all critical checks by 08/10/2013Cluster
evidence report submitted to Ofgem on 14/10/2013
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Participant demographics
Social trial 120 customersTechnical trial100
customersMaleFemale
Here you can see where our Technical trial clusters are located
these are the participants who have signed up as a group to have
their EV charging controlled and are shown here by the blue circles
on the map. Each blue circle represents a cluster.
You can also see where our social trial participants are located
these participants are not having their charging controlled and are
acting as a comparison or control group they are shown here by the
light green diamond shapes on the map.
The Male/female split is roughly about even with a slight
majority of men taking part in the Technical trials, a slightly
larger majority is shown in the Social trials.Across both trials,
roughly 40% are in their 40s, the range of ages tends to span from
30s up to retirement ageThe typical 2.4 family unit is common
across both trials; almost half of the Technical trials live in a
family of 4.
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Network Impact of Electric Vehicles12
In this section, Ill talk a little bit about the impact of the
trial like this on on EV uptake12
13Time to chargeCharging happens during peak demand hours if
unmanaged: Connection or plug in time13
Probability distribution curveAll participants, 18mth
dataset
15 min resolution of probability of someone plugging in. 96
chances to plug in 2-3% is actually twice than what youd expect to
see for uniform distribution.
The residential EV charging pattern is very similar,
irrespective of whether the EV user is part of the technical trial
managed charging or in the social trial non-managed
chargingResidential EV charging behaviour tends to follow the UK
residential load curve, i.e., peaks occur around 8:00 and 18:00
hours.A number of non-managed EVs are connected at 23:30 possibly
due to time of use tariff.
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14Depending on number of EVsSDRC 9.8 - An assessment of how much
headroom an Esprit type solution would yield
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University of Manchester have taken all of the monitored data
from the physical trials of the Esprit technology and have modelled
the impact of installation of many electric vehicles on a feeder
than was possible in the trialsStochastic modelling randomised the
charge patterns and demands
Curve shows how the peak demand varies with number of
vehicles.Note this is peak load per connectionIt follows the normal
shape of this kind of curve for other loads: More variation at low
numbers i.e. each load on or off has material impact compared to
averageSmaller variation at high numbers i.e. each load on or off
is a small proportion of the large number of connections14
Potentially doubling the load15
EV demand based on 1000 EVs (3.5kW charging) impact is larger
for fewer customers
Lets go back to our normal residential demand load profile which
looks like this.
The EV load profile weve created using CARWINGS data, looks like
this (click)
This assumes that all households have one EV.
If you take the residential demand and then add the EV demand on
top of it, the electricity demand at peak times doubles
As the network is designed with a particular level of demand in
mind, doubling this could not only affect the local electricity
networks, but also the High Voltage network potentially all
equipment used to supply electricity, which are limited to certain
temperatures could be overloaded as a result of the extra
demand.
Remember, this is based on data from CARWINGs from our Nissan
LEAF, charging at 3.5kW imagine what the impact might be if
charging at 7kW.15
16Susceptible NetworksRepresentative Feeder 7:Long feederHigh
numbers of residential customersCu 0.25in2 cableFirst exceedance of
thermal rating at 50% EV penetrationSDRC 9.8 - An assessment of how
much headroom an Esprit type solution would yield
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We can still ask so what? Networks with EVs will be hotter and
will have reduced voltages, that in itself isnt a problem. We need
to consider how many networks will be moved outside of acceptable
ranges. Firstly, heat:Each network has an associated capacity, due
to the size of the cable, transformer installed and the number (And
type) of customer.MEA considered a range of representative
networks, some of which would not be affected by the EV results Ive
just shown. Some will:Feeder LVNS 7 is one representative feeder,
its a high number, long length feeder with significant customer
numbers, it represents somewhere in the region of 3% of the LV
feeders in one DNO license area (16
17Susceptible Networks Across GBNetwork TypeProportion of GB
Feeders RepresentedNumber of Esprit Deployments for Network
TypeProportion of the network type with requiring interventionLV3
Town centre3%28,77890%LV8 Terraced street35%213,94563%LV6 Suburban
street ( 3 4 bed semi detached or detached houses)13%42,96835%LV1
Central Business District2%2,76217%LV14 Meshed Town
centre1%1,98517%LV17 Meshed Suburban street ( 3 4 bed semi detached
or detached houses)3%3,27613%LV2 Dense urban (apartments
etc)5%4,5099%LV7 New build housing estate15%8,9706%LV5 Retail
park1%2702%LV16 Meshed Retail park0%131%
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From Transform, across GB, based on SGF allocation of EVsRural,
notably absentClear problems with terraced street (but technology
pulling this towards being possible)17
A SOLUTION18
In this section, Ill talk a little bit about the impact of the
trial like this on on EV uptake18
Esprit and DNO driven DSR19
20SDRC 9.7.1 - An Assessment of Esprit IntegrationEsprit and DNO
driven DSRVehicle AcceptanceThe switching of EV charging on and off
will damage the vehicle battery lifeThe switching of EV charging
will affect relay life in the chargerSwitching of demand (or the
threat of) will affect EV uptake
The switching of EV charging on and off will damage the vehicle
battery lifeThe cars are fitted with regenerative braking, they do
this all the timeIt could be an issue if the solution meant that
vehicles never received a full charge (as this affects battery
life)However, cell balancing (in the last 30mins) needs
consideration
The switching of EV charging will affect relay life in the
chargerUnlikely if the cars arent being switched on a very regular
basisYou'd have to do a lot of switching on and off to cause them
to fail.
Switching of demand (or the threat of) will affect EV uptakeYes
it might. The market is still fragile. The solution needs to be
communicated clearly, and with the right tone
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21Esprit and DNO driven DSRNetwork AcceptanceThermal headroom
benefits of up to 46% at the highest levels of EV uptake using
Esprit solutionVoltage headroom equivalent to an additional 10% of
customers connecting EV chargers.
Furthermore, the number of non-compliant customers was reduced
significantly, by up to 70% at the highest EV uptake
considered.
Delivery of greater voltage headroom is feasible but would
require a sophisticated control system responding to customer
voltage measurements.
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22Esprit and DNO driven DSRCustomer AcceptanceSDRC 9.6: An
assessment of the public acceptance of Demand Side Response of EV
charging using EspritOur customers cited they were
comfortable:..because they only did short journeys or charged for
10 to 12 hours overnight..they could work around any lack of charge
by charging elsewhere.. they could always use another vehicle if
necessary
Only 13 of the 61 Domestic Cluster participants who attended
interviews or focus groups noticed curtailment..
..and all but one was unaffected by it
Why our customers cited they were comfortable:..because they
only did short journeys or charged for 10 to 12 hours
overnight..they could work around any lack of charge by charging
elsewhere.. they could always use another vehicle if necessary
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Potential Benefits for the Network23
Sharing our Learningwww.myelectricavenue.info
Learning reportsProject templatesPresentationsDownloadable
datasets
Coming soon: Final (pretty) versions of learning reports24
25Susceptible Networks Across GBNetwork TypeProportion of GB
Feeders RepresentedNumber of Esprit Deployments for Network
TypeProportion of the network type with requiring interventionLV3
Town centre3%28,77890%LV8 Terraced street35%213,94563%LV6 Suburban
street ( 3 4 bed semi detached or detached houses)13%42,96835%LV1
Central Business District2%2,76217%LV14 Meshed Town
centre1%1,98517%LV17 Meshed Suburban street ( 3 4 bed semi detached
or detached houses)3%3,27613%LV2 Dense urban (apartments
etc)5%4,5099%LV7 New build housing estate15%8,9706%LV5 Retail
park1%2702%LV16 Meshed Retail park0%131%
UK Networks saving from Esprit 2.2Bn Period 2015 to 2050Figures
from Transform Model
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From Transform, across GB, based on SGF allocation of EVsRural,
notably absentClear problems with terraced street (but technology
pulling this towards being possible)25
Overview of the Transform ModelThe Transform Model is a
representation of the electricity distribution network and
describes the impact that future scenarios may have on the planning
and operation of networks.26
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A common framework for dialogue27Calculates costs & benefits
to inform decisions
Calculates expenditure required for different scenarios covering
rate of technology uptake and type of mitigationMonetises the
uncertainty associated with uptake ratesInforms decisions to be
ready to respond if the world changesUsed by UK Energy Regulator
Ofgem to set revenues in current price control
RIIO-ED1http://www.eatechnology.com/products-and-services/create-smarter-grids/transform-model
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My Electric Avenue: THE LEGACY28
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Roll out considerations29How to deploy:Deployment at the
substationRolled out when issue arisesDNO purchases as cluster
formsNeeds to be able to communicate with ALL downstream chargers
at this point
Deployment in the chargerEmbed algorithm in chargerbut why would
I (as a customer) do this?Incentive payment, orIts required (a
Standard), orA hybrid
Esprit (and any other form of DSR like this) consists of two
elementsSubstation monitoringSubstation monitoring &
controlCharging point (switch or control)Charging point (switch or
control)
Needs a standard to encourage roll out of algorithm at charger
end (properties)Develop a licencing model with charging point
manufacturers
Needs exceptional messaging to the customer to not damage the
fragile marketNeeds very close cooperation between Utility sector,
EV manufacturers, charging point installers, Government &
Regulator(s)
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30Next Steps Breaking newsManagement of plug-in vehicle uptake
on distribution networksNew NIA project registered by
SSEPDDesk-based with consultationLed by EA TechnologySupported
byAll GB DNOs plus National GridEngagement of OEMs, Charging
manufacturers, customer groups and Govt organisations18 month
duration
ScopeIndustry agreed material to inform an ENA Engineering
Recommendation (or equivalent) available to third parties for
supply and manufacture of the home end and the substation end
controllers (the Solution). A functional specification describing
the system components and operation to allow vendors to produce a
compliant Solution.Evidence of UK EV industry acceptance of the
Solution, including OEM engagement and clear path to adoption.
Customer Messaging Strategy to facilitate customer understanding
and buy-in to PIV-network demand response tools to improve customer
acceptance of the solution(s).
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31THANK YOUwww.myelectricavenue.info
@myelectricave@eatechnology@eatlmikelees
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