Social innovation and regional development, the Polish caseGabriela SempruchMazovia Social Policy Center

University of Warsaw

III European School of Social Innovation8-9th July 2014, San Sebastian, the Basque Country

Goal and agenda

Poland – basic facts

Innovation in the public sector

Social innovation in the public policy

Social innovation in the public policy in Poland

Social innovation in Mazovia region – shaping and implementing public policy aiming to regional development

An example of a tool box for fostering social innovation in the public policy

To present actual trends in developing social innovation in the public policy in the Mazovia region in Poland

Specific of Poland – basic facts Population: 38.4 millions

Regions (NUTS2): 16 provinces

State government and three level of Local Government

Three levels of local government (provinces, districts and communities)

10 years as a EU member

25 years of democracy

and freedom

50 years of communism

Second World War

20 yearsrestoration of

the Polish state

123 yearsPoland under occupation

1918 201420041989194519391795

Innovation in the public sector - definition Successful innovation is the creation and implementation of new processes, products,

services and methods of delivery which result in significant improvements in outcomes efficiency, effectiveness or quality.*

An innovation is a new or significantly improved service, communication method, process or organizational method”.

New or significantly improved methods of communicating activities to public: methods of promoting an organization or its services, method of influencing the behavior of users, citizens or others, first time of commercialization (for sale) of services or goods

New or significantly improved process or organizational methods: methods of providing services or interacting with users, delivery or logistics systems for an organization’s input, supporting activities such as maintenance systems, purchasing, accounting or computing systems, management systems, methods of organising work responsibilities or decision making*.

*Mulgan, G, Albury, D, Innovation in the Public Sector, Cabinet Office Strategy Unit, United Kingdom Cabinet Office, 2003.

**European Public Sector Innovation Scoreboard (EPSIS) 2013, European Commission, 2013

Source: European Public Sector Innovation Scoreboard 2013, European Commission, 2013

European Public Sector Innovation Scoreboard 2013

Innovation in the public sector - barriersPolish case Internal bariers External bariers

Lack of management support

Lack of incentives for your staff

Staff resistance

Uncertain acceptance by the users of your services

Regulatory requirements

Lack of sufficient human or financial resources

Risk adverse culture in your organisation

Source: Innobarometer 2010 in: European Public Sector Innovation Scoreboard 2013, European Commission, 2013

Social innovation in the public policy

The old and the new paradigm of innovation

Innovation - the new combination of production factors. (J. Shumpeter) Innovations as the drivers for economic development.

Innovation is socially related. Social innovation – the new combinations of social practices Eight types of innovation: Products, Processes, Marketing, Organisation, Roles, Relations, Norms, Values (J. Hochgerner)* Social innovations as the drivers for human development.

“Social innovations are new solutions (products, services, models, markets, processes etc.) that simultaneously meet a social need (more effectively than existing solutions) and lead to new or improved capabilities and relationships and better use of assets and resources. In other words, social innovations are both good for society and enhance society’s capacity to act.”**

*J. Hochgerner, The Analysis of Social Innovations as Social Practice, 2011** Caulier-Grice, J. Davies, A. Patrick, R. Norman, W. (2012) Defining Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: “The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe” (TEPSIE), European Commission – 7th Framework Programme, Brussels: European Commission, DG Research

Social innovation in the public policy in Poland–barriers Short-term budget and strategic outlook

Cost based budgeting

Departmental structures

Lack of career rewards

Lacks innovations enablers in terms of money, people, process

Nature centralized, episodic, structurally limited

A culture of risk aversion

Delivery pressures and administrative burdens

Cultural reluctance to integrate new technologies*

Low level of the public confidence

Social effects of the communism

* R. Murray, Caulier – Grice J., Mulgan J., The open book of social innovation, NESTA, 2010

Social innovation in the public policy in Mazovia region

Development policy

Social policyInnovation policy

I. EU policies

II. National policies

III. Regional policies

to facilitate all citizens equal access to social rights,

improve conditions the formation and functioning of families and support groups

and people at risk of social

exclusion ensuring democratic

participation of citizens.

aiming to ensure a durable and sustainable development

of the region and socio-economic cohesion

supporting innovation in the economy and helping in introduce

new products, services, processes and management

techniques

Social innovation the public policy in Mazovia region

Mazovia region Created through the administrative reform in

Poland in 1999, which introduced the three-step structure of the territorial division

The largest region (35.6 thousand sq. km - slightly more than the surface of Belgium);

The most internally diverse region in Poland

The most populous region (5.2 million inhabitants -comparable to the amount of the population of Finland),

Made up of 37 districts and 5 cities with districts rights and 314 communities

Consists of the Warsaw agglomeration with the largest city in the country- the Polish capital

The OECD Well Being index 2014 puts the region in position 1/16 regions in Poland in the field of: Income, Civil Engagement, Jobs.

One of the famous residents of Mazovia was Frederic Chopin 1

1

1 4

3

7

5 11

Maps created with OECD Regional Well-Beinig internet tool (http://www.oecdregionalwellbeing.org/region.html#PL12 [05.07.2014])

I. Social innovation in the European Union policies Social innovation in the European Union policies:

“Social innovation - the development and implementation of new ideas (products, services, models) to meet social needs and create new social relationships or collaborations. It represents new responses to pressing social demands, which affect the process of social interactions. It is aimed at improving human well-being. Social innovations are innovations that are social in both their ends and their means. They are innovations that are not only good for society but also enhance individual’s capacity to act.”*

There are two types of policies in relation to social innovation:

Those which help to enable social innovation initiatives by either developing tools or abolishing barriers

Those that use social innovation as a tool to better develop other policy objectives**

*Guide for social innovation, European Commission, DG Regional Policy, SG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion 2013**Interview with Agnes Hubert: How has social innovation changed in Europe?, http://www.socialinnovationexchange.org/ideas-and-inspiration/governance/articles/interview-agn%C3%A8s-hubert-how-has-social-innovation-changed [30.06.2014]

II. Social innovation in the public policies in Poland (national level) As in EU policies, there are two types of

policies in relation to social innovation:

Those which help to enable social innovation initiatives by either developing tools or abolishing barriers (explicite policies)

Those that use social innovation as a tool to better develop other policy objectives** (implicite policies)

Development policy

Social policy

Innovation

policy

Explicite policy

Implicite policies

II. Social innovation in the development policy in Poland (2006-2013)

The three operational programmes were established to implement development strategies in the years 2006-2020, including the National Development Strategy and sector strategies:

The EQUAL Community Initiative Programme 2006-2008

Over 100 innovative projects implemented in the field of labour market, social integration, social economy, the adaptability of firms and employees to structural economic changes, reconciling family and professional life

The Human Capital Operational Programme 2007-2013 (OP-HC, Polish European Social Fund Programme)

Over 450 innovative projects implemented in the field of adaptability, education and higher education, good governance and employment and social integration

Model of strategic approach to the implementation of innovative and transnational cooperation projects under the OP HC at the regional level

II. Social innovation in the development policy in Poland (2014-2020)

The POWER Programme 2014-2020 (Polish EFS Programme)

There is a part of the programme relatego to social innovation. The objective of this part is the use of social innovation to test and develop new effective solutions to the problems in the area include employment, social inclusion, lifelong learning and the modernization of public administration, in the case of which the existing measures are not sufficient or require a new approach.

Innovative projects will focus on the most difficult and critical issues, supporting the achievement of the objectives resulting from the strategic documents.

The principal activities of the implementation of the revised innovative solutions on a wider scale will be conducted primarily through operational programs implemented at the regional level.

Measures to develop new solutions depending on the identified needs, and could also use transnational cooperation as an instrument to use the experience and knowledge of foreign partners, as well as working together on a solution identified problems.

Expected effects on three levels:

increasing the number of developed social innovations as a way to solve the identified problems

increasing the number of developed social innovations used in practice

creation of an effective system of supporting social innovation and incubating them for mainstreaming

III. Social innovation in the public policy in Mazovia region

Mainly top-down initiatives

Mainly bottom-up initiatives

Development policy

Social policy

Innovation

policy

Innovative activity in the public sector can be considered in various ways. Three common streams are:

shaping policy directions — where the role of the public sector is to provide objective and reasoned advice, and options, to assist the Government’s decision‑making in relation to policies and programs

implementing policies and programs — that is, delivering services to community efficiently and effectively;

administrative innovations — introducing new internal processes and practices to improve productivity/reduce costs.*

*Innovation in the Public Sector: Enabling Better Performance, Driving New Directions, Australian National Audit Office, 2009

Fostering social innovation in the policy design and implementation cycle

Instrument Design

Monitoring,

Evaluation,

Improvement

Understandi

ng Issue

Objective

Setting

Operation

Monitoring,

Evaluation

Learning,

Improvement

Staff Trainin

g

Delivery System Development

Policy Design

Policy Implementation

Fostering social innovation in the policy cycle upon the model D. Swanson, S. Bhadwal (D. Swanson, S. Bhadwal Creating Adaptive Policies, A Guide For Policy Making in an Uncertain World, 2009)

Top-down

initiatives start

here

Bottom-up

initiatives start

here

Tool box forfostering social innovationCCI Model

Social innovation in the innovation policy in Mazovia region

Map created with Region Map Generator, Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2014, European Commission

According to the report “Regional Innovation Scorboard 2014”, Mazovia region is the moderate innovator.

Regional Innovation Strategy for Mazovia Province 2014-2020 emphasises the importance of social innovation. There are some example statements:

Mazovia region in 2020 as a source of good practices in the area of social innovation

Social and human capital as a main factor of social and economic development

Innovation is social related; important factors: public confidence, open to new solutions, educational system that supports creativity

Developing products and services to answer actual social needs, aiming to stimulating human development and improving well-being

Promoting bottom-up initiatives

Social innovation as a key tool to answer actual social problems

Developing cross-sectoral cooperation

Social innovation in the social policy in Mazovia region Social Policy Strategy for Mazovia region 2014-202O points out social innovation as a tool for

achieving the social policy goals. There are some example statements:

Conducting database about social policy and social innovation

Initiating and promoting new solutions in social policy

Supporting the development of social innovation in local institutions of social policy in the municipalities and districts of the Mazovia Province

Developing social services; the main assumption is shift from the primacy of passive form of public intervention to prevention and activation. It is aims to ensure the conditions for social inclusion and strengthening the independence of individuals and families.

A tool box for fostering innovation in social policy – an example of systemic social innovation for regional and local authorities: Calculator of Costs of Inaction. The tools are dedicated to policy makers and implementers of social policy.

Economic instrument

s

The use of human resource

s

Time management

and the spatial

planning

Legalinstrume

nts

Informational

instruments

A tool box for fostering innovation in the social policy - CCI Model CCI Model is a complex answer to the

complex policy cycle.

The CCI Model is a set of social policy instruments, classified by the type of used resources to shape the local and regional social policies. The model consists of four types of social instruments (legal, economical, informational, human resources) and it is based on using the fifth type of social policy instrument (time management and the special planning).

There are IT and implementation tools: IT tools include: Social Calculator;

Difusser of Social Innovation; Catalogue of Social Innovation;„Strategy of Social Problem Solving” Generator

Implementation Tools include: Network of Social Innovation Leaders; Training System.

• Diffuser for SI• Catalog of SI• Training System

• Network of SI Leaders• Strategy

Generator

• Social Calculator

Social policy instruments upon the concept of J.Supińska (J.Supińska, Dylematy polityki społecznej, IPS UW,1991)

CCI Model - goal and benefits

The main objective of CCI Model is to create conditions to improve rationality, effectiveness and efficiency of the local social policy for all of local governments in Mazovia region by developing a set of tools to conduct the proactive social policy.

CCI model facilitates:

Moving away from an passive intervention based policy towards a more proactive policy

Preparing more effective budgets for the tasks of social policy upon the cost and benefits analysis

Implementing changes in the way of conducting social policy by providing information on costs and effects of the undertaken actions supporting disadvantage people

Accessing knowledge about new and better ways to solve social problems (social innovation)

Developing social planning, important for the social investment approach in the social policy

Developing social services

Strengthening public participation in the design and implementation of social policy

CCI Model as a new approach to conduct social policyMain assumptions:

Independence of human being as a starting point

Three levels of the intensity of social problems

Three type of aid activities (passive, active, preventive)

Estimating the cost of inaction in aid activities,

Using the potential of new web tools (such as knowledge sharing, a new form of relationship with beneficiaries and the possibilities of participation).

Promoting innovation in the social policy

A new approach to conduct social policy

Challenges

To make systemic change in a direction to the local and regional adaptive policy taking into account social innovation:

Promoting innovative use of the new digital tools in the social policy

Adopting a prospective view of needs/expectations/possibilities (instead of sticking to what is obvious and consensual), consistently with a logics of investment

Collecting local and regional data to measure of social innovations (limits of available knowledge, based on empirical information and reliable data, lack of system of indicators)

Sustainable finance for social innovations

Facilitating the diffusion of social innovation in the public policy

Current position CCI Model on the trajectory of the social innovation process upon the model proposed by Robin Murray, Julie Caulier-Grice Geoff Mulgan

Challenges

To respond to social demands in the dynamic and increasingly complex conditions

Idealized Illustration of Social Policy in the perspective of the human life course

Conclusions

Social innovation is oriented towards human development, which is the goal of social policy. This is an argument for the growing importance of social policy in the regional development policy.

“a sustainable development perspective, the creation of well-being is valued, adding a new dimension to economic output. In a sense, the boundary between the social and the economic domains blurs, and the ‘social’ becomes an opportunity, rather than a constraint, to generate value” (…) Innovation is seen as a process that should tackle ‘societal challenges’ through new forms of relations between social actors.”*

The public sector is crucial actor to foster and upscale social innovation because it has the tools to create the most systemic change.

*A.Hubert, Empowering people, driving change: Social innovation in the European Union, BEPA, 2010