Rcvets, lahorePresentation: Fermentation& use of Agroindustrial

wastes in fermentation

Submitted to: Mr.Waheed AhmadSubmitted by: M.Feroz Hanif

ROLL NO# 236

Group: C July 24th,2015.

 

Def*Any of a group of chemical reactions induced by microorganisms or enzymes that split complex organic compounds into relatively simple substances. for example; the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast.

Fermentation

The word "fermentation" is derived from a Latin word "fervere" meaning "to boil,"

Many scientists, including Pasteur, had unsuccessfully attempted to extract the fermentation enzyme from yeast. Pasteur defined fermentation (incorrectly) as "Life without air", but correctly showed that specific types of microorganisms cause specific types of fermentations and specific end-products. Although showing fermentation to be the result of the action of living microorganisms was a breakthrough, it did not explain the basic nature of the fermentation process.

A brief history of fermentation:

Success came in 1897 when the German chemist Eduard Buechner ground up yeast, extracted a juice from them, then found to his amazement that this "dead" liquid would ferment a sugar solution, forming carbon dioxide and alcohol much like living yeasts.

Buechner's results are considered to mark the birth of biochemistry. The "unorganized ferments" behaved just like the organized ones. From that time on, the term enzyme came to be applied to all ferments. It was then understood that fermentation is caused by enzymes that are produced by microorganisms.

Products of fermentation

Types of fermentation

*Batch fermentation:

Sterile nutrinet substrate, inoculated, grow untill no more of the product is being made, “harvested” and cleaned out for another run.

>Lag phase (adapt to their surroundings)>Exponential growth (grow in numbers)>Stationary phase (stop growing)>Death phase

*Continuous fermentation:

-Substrate is added continuously to the fermenter, and biomass or products are continuously removed at the same rate.-Under these conditions, the cells remain in the logarithmic phase of growth.*Fed-batch Fermentation: -Substrate increments as the fermentation progresses started as batchwise with a small substrate concentration.-Initial substrate is conzumed,addition of fermentation medium.

Def: “Those organic matters which through clean technology, can be recycled either by integrated waste utilization or simply returned to the place of their origin, nature.”

Agroindustrial wastes

Examples: Rice straw, sawdust, Rye straw, soya stalks, sunflower stalks, sugarcane baggase and corn stalks etc.

Uses:Rice straw :is used to make quality paper.Sawdust: is used as wood pulp, cat litter or fuel.

Sugarcane bagasse and Rye straw :as a renewable power generation source and for the production of bio-based materials.

Sunflower stalks: For making herbal oilSoya_bean stalks: for making olive oil.

Rice straw

Rye straw

Sugarcane baggase

Sunflower stalks & Soyabean stalks

THANK YOU