Presentation topic:fennel

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Outline• Botanical description

• Importance

• Top countries

• Nutritional breakdown of fennel

• Medicinal value

• Production technology

Nomenclature

• Scientific name: Foeniculum Vulgare

• Family: Apiaceae

• English name: Fennel

• Common name: saunf

Botanical description

• Perennial

• The root is white, spindle-like and deep penetrating.

• The stem is erect, cylindrical, green.

• The basic part is tuber ( bulb-like thickened)

Botanical description

• Flowers are tiny, yellow.

• Fruit is 4-5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide.

• Fruit is elongated at the top, greenish or light brown-grey.

• Long day plant.

Importance

• Every part of the plant contains sweet and aromatic volatiles.

• The foliage is also edible or can be used to decorate warm or cold dishes.

• Due to its anethole content it is used for soft and strong drinks.

• Only tubers are not used.

Importance

• It has important physiological effects.

• Stimulates appetite

• Digestion

• Intestinal activity

• Milk secretion

Importance

• The cosmetics industry also shows interests.

• It contains sugar contents.

• It contains considerable quantities of P and Ca.

• As well as A, B1, B2, B5, B6, vitamins.

• Carotene and vitamin C contents are considerable.

TOP COUNTRIESCountry Production (Tonnes per year)

India 110,000

Mexico 49,688

China 40,000

Iran 30,000

Bulgaria 28,100

Syria 27,700

Morocco 23,000

Egypt 22,000

Canada 11,000

Afghanistan 10,000

World 415,027

Nutritional breakdown of fennel

• 73 CALORIS.

• 0.5 grams of fat.

• 0 milligrams of cholesterol.

• 2.9 grams of protein.

• 17 grams of carbohydrates.

• 7 grams of dietary fiber.

Medicinal uses• Bone health• Blood pressure• Heart health• Cancer• Immunity• Inflammation• Metabolism

Medicinal uses• Digestion and regularity

• Weight management and satiety

• increasing iron absorption

• estrogen

Soil and climate

• Fennel can be cultivated in all types of soils that are rich in organic matter.

• Best soils for fennel cultivation is loamy soil containing lime.

• Cool and dry climate .

• Dry and cool weather during the seed set increases seed yield as well as the quality of the produce.

Cultivation practices

• 2-3 plouging

• Fennel seeds can be directly sown in the main field.

• Or seedlings can be raised in nursery beds and later transplanted in the main field.

Sowing time

• Direct sowing:Ideal sowing time for fennel is Mid-September to mid-October.

• Transplanting:• Seedlings are raised during June or July on

well-prepared nursery beds.• Afterwards, 7–8 weeks old seedlings are

transplanted in the field in August.

Seed rate & fertilizer

• Seed rate required for direct sowing is 10–12 kg/ha.

• At the time of field preparation FYM is added 10–15 tons/ha.

• Nitrogen: 90kg /ha

• Phosphorus: 40kg/ha

irrigation

• First irrigation is done soon after seed sowing

• one or two light irrigations are required until seed germination.

• Afterwards, the crop is irrigated at an interval of 15–25 days

• Water stress must be avoided during flowering and seed formation

Weed control

• First hoeing and weeding is recommended at 30 days after sowing.

• Both mechanical and chemical control of weeds can be practiced.

• If herbicides are used for weed control, Pendimethalin is most effective.

Harvesting

• Fennel matures in 170–180 days.

• Harvesting is done by plucking the umbels when seeds are fully developed and mature but still green.

• Harvesting duration lasts for a month with plucking being done twice or thrice at 10 days intervals.

varieties

• RF 101

• RF 125

• RF 35

• Gujarat Fennel 1

• CO 1

Yield

• Yield: On an average, fennel yields 9–10q/ha.