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How have technological advances within distribution and governmental incentives influenced the competitive nature of film and content production?
Oral examination 1st Semester Project. OIM-CPH-MM24-01-2017
Aalborg University CPH
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Key findings & reflections
Agenda
Reflection and assessment of the project’s quality
Reflections over new perspectives and future research.
Proposed Suggestions
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How have technological advances within distribution and
governmental incentives influenced the competitive nature of film and
content production?Audhild Haugeberg
Literature Review
Simon Olsen
Aldo Chavez Sofie Krog
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Clustering
Fiscal Crisis
Spillovers
Distribution
Key choices
Literature Review
• Benefits
• Uncertainties & Life Cycle
• Compare to the Danish/Hollywood model• Understand the role of the state/private investors
Clustering
• Clustering and how Hollywood comprehended
• Amsterdam focus on medium/low budget
Fiscal Crisis
• The effects
• Why not Copenhagen ?
• The HQ
Why Amsterdam/Netflix ?.
Theoretical Framework
How have technological advances within distribution andgovernmental incentives influenced the competitive nature of filmand content production in Amsterdam?
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Spillovers
• Naivety from theories• Creation of effects and
competition
• New Technology
• Danger?
• Different use of theories for m/I-budget?
• New tech and distribution pushing traditional
• Dutch industry affected?
• Power of conglomerates and need of attention
Distribution
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Literature ReviewTheoretical Framework
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Other Factors
• Weightless economy• Numeric data
• Other forms of distribution?
Hybrids
• Need of hybrids?• What are hybrids according to
Christopherson?• How are we using the term hybrids?• How important are they in
Amsterdam?
Literature Review
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• Cooperation and collaboration are the corner stone of the competitive nature within the generalculture in Amsterdam• There is no elbowing out the competition and there is no desire not to work with others.
• It was discovered that the clustered industry in Amsterdam benefits from healthy competition by;• Sharing knowledge• Human resources.
• Competitive nature in Amsterdam is influenced by changes in technology (SVOD).• It was found that the competitive environment in Amsterdam will change due to the rapid
development technological distribution (SVOD) that MNEs (Netflix) are creating.• The Amsterdam government helps businesses start up (entrepreneur fund) not looking to sustain
them, as they prefer to have the ecosystem in constant movement. Government also serve asintermediaries for MNEs. attract foreign MNEs
• Our findings uncovered that the tax incentives are not the main reason companies move/produce inAmsterdam.
• Through our research a new film fund scheme was uncovered called; The London Microwave.
Key Findings & ResultsHow have technological advances within distribution andgovernmental incentives influenced the competitive nature of filmand content production in Amsterdam?
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• Companies due however find that hard and soft factors are importantdeterminants.• Hard factors: infrastructure, ICT, transportation, governmental
incentives, etc.• Soft factors: quality of life, multicultural diverse labor force.
• Film Fund which is provided by the Government, is resulting in firmsproducing unoriginal content.
• Spillovers (knowledge & resources) are not negatively viewed amongst firms.• Emerging technology (SVOD) has opened up more opportunities within the
industry for firms to create more diverse content that could be sold off.• Initially our focus was directed towards the influence of MNEs in Amsterdam
within the film and content industry.• EU law (20% production) will give way for more content production.
Key Findings & Results
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• Did not consider other factors beyond the government and tech. advances, such as: • Broadcasters• Exhibitors • Education sector
• Firms seek alternative means to funds by working outside the film industry.
• Initially we focused on Netflix and how they influenced the industry in Amsterdam. We could have been more in-depth in investigating the new production and distribution phenomenon that is coming about due to the new emerging tech. advances. (we steered away because it was very difficult to contact Netflix)
• Very focused on the film fund/government, not took into account private investors, post funds.
Possible Alternative Research Questions
• Film and content distribution methods, promoted by emerging technologies developed by influential MNEs.
• What is influencing the competitive nature amongst small-medium sized film production companies within clusters in metropolitan areas? And the influencing technological factors that influence the distribution of content?
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Reflections on key findings
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G r o u p S i z e
Having a 4 persons group
Time consuming processes
T i m e M a n a g e m e n t
Challenges when balancing professional life and project
work
C u l t u r e / A c a d e m i c B a c k g r o u n d s
Challenges when adapting to new academic requirement
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Challenges
G r o u p C h a l l e n g e s
Group dynamics
Finding / agreeing on a research questionLack of experience making larger projects
10Reflection and assessment of the project’s quality There were several factors in our project that determined the quality – here are some of our key reflections
• Choose small-medium size companies within the same industry
• Work with companies in Amsterdam• Could have considered multiple • Embedded case study
Reflections
• Single holistic case study
• Exploratory
• Five small-medium sized companies within film and content production
• Two governmental representatives from foreign investments and film production
Methods
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S A M P L I N G• Non-probability sample
technique• Volunteer sampling and
Snowball effect
R E F L E C T I O N S• Very small sample size• Use of probability sample
method
Sample Selected
Film Production Companies
Your Majesty
Kasper KuijpersPartner
Amsterdam Production
Services
John TrapmanOwner
Mr. Frank
Miguel TeixeiraOwner
Revolver
Klaudia Gainza & Marteen Van Doommalen
Executive Producers
Fonk Films
Kasper van BeekProducer
Government
Annelies in’tVeld
Simon BresterFilm Comissioner
Jasper KraijeveldPrivate Sector
Secretary
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Sampling of Interviews
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• How could it be done in our case?
• Combine a qualitative analysis with a survey.
• Why did we not use a quantitative method?
REFLECTION
DATA
• Used Qualitative method
• Would benefit from using mixed methodsLonger time to analyse –needs more resources, time, people
Results can be biased
Longer & deeper questions
Rich, complex explanations
Hard to follow up and clarifymisunderstandingsRelatively easy to implement
Data retrieval (data will not bePresented in a structure way and ambiguity may occur)
Discovering ideas that were not anticipated
Qualitative Methods
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Data
13High Credibility?
• More methods (triangulation)
• Validate with respondents
• Few variables
• Methods can be replicated
• Results can be the same in similar industries (in Europe)
Saunders book say; there is no way of measuring the credibility of a qualitative project.However, we used quantitative measurement of reliability and validity • Interviewing both sides • Open ended and clear questions • Nuanced questions natural, positive and negative • Several researcher
C R E D E B I L I T Y
R E F L E C T I O N
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• Risk of China taking over the market
• Microwave projects – skills - boot camp - more talent with multiple skillsets –less talent needed to cover the positions – funding to those involved
• Merging of industries within creative businesses –hybrid
• Less need for a set location – global - intermediated communication
• Governments and private investors must create more incentivesto make the creative industries stay (hard factors)
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Future ExpectationAnd changes in the industry
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• Cheaper equipment – supplier perspective
• Less need for exhibitors if they do not innovate (Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, hologram, “4D”, themes, being bought up) - weightless economy - distribution
• Many ways to earn and get funding for the movies - public/private broadcasters, other distributors, exhibitors, funds
• Ambidextrous business strategy – explore and exploit
• Avoid illegal downloading – cheaper, higher quality alternatives
Creative team:Directors,Producers,
Scriptwriters
Film School
SupportCompanies
ProductionCompanies
Filmfund
Distributors:Netflix, HBO,
iTunes
Privatebroadcaster
Exhibitors
PublicBroadcaster
Private SectorPublic Sector
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Film and Media Operations
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Short attention span -captivate attention –
immersion, absorption and flow
Consumer in focus –Generation Y and Z
More technology -Videogames, AR, VR, CGR –
post production
Shorter material - original content – series
Education – more focus on what the consumer wants
The consumer might not be interested in ”normal” educational TV and prefer other
alternatives SVOD brings – risk management
Innovation and consumer behaviour
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What could happen to the content ?
Immersive, interactive storytelling through virtual
reality - more need to innovation in cinemas and education in
moviemaking
Lower entry cost for independent filmmakers, platforms for sharing
content - less need for studios – can create them virtually, less costly to
produce
S T O R Y T E L L I N G P R O D U C T I O N C O S T S
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Proposed Solut ion
Invest in educational programs –to give the talent and
production Companies more skillsets – hybrid behaviour
(Microwave London)
I n v e s t m e n tLearn how to create movies that are high quality but low budget
and they learn how to market and distribute, with the help of
government
A d a p t a b i l i t yNo fear for global
conglomerates – companies will not be outcompeted
C o n g l o m e r a t e sSimilarities to the Danish model (film school, film institute (fund) , broadcasters other distributors) - focus on the director, producer
and scriptwriter
S i m i l a r i t i e s
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Proposed Solut ion
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Stronger competitive advantages in regards to domination MNEs and
conglomerates
Programs (similar to
Microwave)
Strongerlabour force
(hybrids)
Filmfondsand the film
school investment
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Thank YouHow have technological advances within distribution
and governmental incentives influenced the competitive nature of film and content production?
Oral examination 1st Semester Project. OIM-CPH-MM24-01-2017
Aalborg University CPH