Aarti ppt

1

Aarti Singh, Birsa Agricultural University

Socio-economic factors of rural development

Aarti SinghM.Sc, ForestrySession - 2015-16Roll no - 10

2


Outline• Rural development

Rural areasDefinition of rural developmentObjectives and benefits of rural developmentIndicators of rural development

• Factors of rural developmentSocial factorsEconomic factors

• Importance of rural development

• Summary of the presentation

3


Rural areas • Rural areas are separately settled places away from the influence of

large cities and towns. Such areas are distinct from more intensively settled urban and sub-urban areas, and also from unsettled lands or wilderness, such as forest.

• Rural areas can have an agricultural character, though many rural areas are characterized by an economy based on cottage industry, mining, oil and gas exploration, or tourism.

• Rural development is defined as process in which there is over well being of people with respect to socio-economic aspects living in sparsely populated areas in isolation.

• It is strategy to improve social and economic life of poor people.

• Rural Development is all about bringing change among rural community from the traditional way of living to progressive way of living. It is also expressed as a movement for progress.

What is rural development?Aarti Sing, Birsa Agricutural University

4

5


“Rural Development is a process of change, by which the efforts of the people themselves are united, those of government authorities to improve their economic, social and cultural conditions of communities in to the life of the nation and to enable them to contribute fully to national programme.”

The United Nations defines Rural Development as:

6


INFA-STRUCTURE

TECHNOLOGY

HEALTHEDUCATION

ECONOMY

Benefits of rural development

7


Objectives of Rural Development:

To generate

Employment Farm & storage Economical activities

To improve

Health Education Living condition

To build

Infrastructure Public Service Communication

8


Factors affecting rural developmentPrimary factors:• Availability and efficient utilization of natural resources• Production and employment capacities• Manpower and technology• Good and responsible leadership• Basic infrastructure• Peace and political stability• Literacy level• Family size• Land reform laws• Religious beliefs and customs

9


Factors affecting rural developmentSecondary factors:

Geographical location, size of a village, productivity of land, type of land use, active population, production areas, proximity to a river, housing comfort, characteristics of drinking water, productive fruit areas, cooperativeness, and social infrastructure investments.

10


Factors affecting rural developmentThese factors can be now sub divided into two sections, viz. social factors and economic factors:

Social factors• Active population and demographic dependence• Provision of services such as, hospitals, schools etc.• Division of society based on caste and class• Access to above services• Religious beliefs and customs• Traditional way of thinking• Peace and political stability• Good and responsible leadership

11


Factors affecting rural developmentThese factors can be now sub divided into two sections, viz. social factors and economic factors:

Economic factors• Availability and efficient utilization of natural resources• Production and employment capacities• Availability of basic infrastructures• Manpower and technology• Land reform laws• Availability of means of communication and transport• Financial support from government and NGOs• Higher agricultural input.

Given social and economic factors will be discussed in the coming slides.

12


Social factors

13


Social factorsDemography:

• The density of population and the trends of population growth hugely affect rural development.

• Active population and aging population balance is needed for a sustainable rural development.

• As population increases pressure to increase agricultural productivity and also utilization of natural resources increases.

• Immense use of chemicals to increase the productivity might help for a short term but may lead to infertility of agricultural land and hence hampering the rural development in long run

14


Social factorsReligious beliefs and customs:

• Religious beliefs and customs have mainly been detrimental to rural development.

• It discourages people from adopting new technologies

• It discourages people from co-operating with other community

15


Social factorsTraditional way of thinking:

• Traditional farming practices which were prevalent in olden days are no longer viable to support today’s population.

• For eg. Burning crops in fields leading to pollution and loss of fertility in the top layer of soil

• Using traditional ways of reaping crops leading to wastage

16


Social factorsDivision of society based on caste and class:

• Indian society is divided based on caste and class

• Lower caste people and untouchables are mistreated and are not given proper access to resources

• This leads to unequal growth in the social stratum and is detrimental to the overall rural development

17


Social factorsGood and responsible leadership:

• Every society from ancient times needs a good leader to lead it in a right path and keep it together

• Leaders have power vested in by people to help in development process

• But, a biased, inactive and incompetent leader can lead to destruction of society

• Peace and stability depend heavily on our leaders

18


Economic factors

19


Economic factorsAvailability and efficient utilization of natural resources:

• With limited resources to feed a big population it is important to avail and efficiently utilize natural resources

• Over utilization of forest resources may lead to change in local climate patterns, human – animal conflicts leading to loss of animal or human lives

• Adoption of water conservation techniques to conserve water for irrigation and drinking purposes and lesser dependent on rain

20


Economic factorsMeans of communication and transport:

• Produced good in a rural area needs to be transported to near by markets

• Cost of products will depend not only on initial input but also on the transportation cost

• A better means of communication means better access to latest technology and weather reports, which will increase production and avert any loss due to unwanted weather conditions

21


Economic factorsLand reform laws:

• With a rapid development of our country new industries, roads, railway lines etc. are being setup

• It is important to have adequate land reform laws to protect people from rural areas

• Lack of these laws may lead to exploitation of farmers, destruction of agricultural land, and loss of livelihood, which will eventually lead to poverty

22


Economic factorsFinancial support from government and NGOs:

• Rural industries are mainly small scale industries which are supported by governments and NGOs

• These industry provide employment and elevate people from poverty

• Financial support to buy fertilizers and crop seeds from government at subsidized rates also helps in up-liftment of poor farmers

23


Economic factorsAdministrative machinery:

• Efficient administrative machinery helps in proper implementation of governmental programs and proper utilization of budgets

• With a hassle free administrative machinery people can focus more on their work rather than administrative issues

• Some egs. are issuing of ration card, aadhar card, opening up new bank accounts etc.

24


Economic factorsGeographical location:

• Geographical location of a village plays an important role in its development

• A place windward side of mountain will have higher chances of getting rain than a place on the leeward side of the mountain

• A village in mountainous region will not have proper means of transport compared to a village in plains

• Also, the quality of soil depends on the geographical location

25


Importance of rural development• Rural development is a national necessity and has considerable

importance in India

• 80 percent of our population lives in rural areas and development of rural areas means development of our country

• Increased contribution of agriculture to Indian GDP will reduce dependence on foreign exports

26


SummaryWe learnt the following:

• What is meant by rural?

• What is rural development?

• Factors affecting rural development

• Social factors and economic factors

• Importance of rural development

27


Thank you!

Presentations & Public Speaking

Aarti ppt